公共部门信息再利用的企业定位及认知调查

文章阐述了公共部门信息再利用中的企业功能及其信息增值方式,调查了我国企业如何使用公共部门信息以及企业和公共部门在使用或提供公共部门信息过程中可能出现的问题,提出了促进企业再利用公共部门信息的相应对策。     

The public sector's roles in the sharing economy and the implications for public values

Motivated by the growing significance of the sharing economy, we discuss the roles the public sector may play within the sharing economy and the corresponding implications for public values. The sharing economy represents a transformative agent for the public sector within the current landscape of digital transformation. While the public sector has so far acted mainly as a regulatory body in the sharing economy, we here discuss implications for other roles the public sector may take on, including the roles of customer, service provider, and platform provider. Framed within the context of the public value ideals (professional, efficiency, service, and engagement), we examine the opportunities and challenges of each role for the four public values. Finally, we identify areas for future research, focusing on the implications of public values for the public sector in the sharing economy.     

Mapping Information Systems and Services in Uganda: An Overview

This paper aims at defining and mapping the information sector in Uganda with regard to general awareness and comparative studies. It is written from the sociological perspective and is based on a review of literature, a survey of advertisements, guidelines for mapping the information sector of other countries and on the author's experience. Restrictions that hamper this sector's growth are outlined together with the government's aspirations for improvement. The article represents a rare attempt at mapping the information sector in Uganda for the purpose of wide information dissemination.     

Mapping Information Systems and Services in Uganda: An Overview

This paper aims at defining and mapping the information sector in Uganda with regard to general awareness and comparative studies. It is written from the sociological perspective and is based on a review of literature, a survey of advertisements, guidelines for mapping the information sector of other countries and on the author's experience. Restrictions that hamper this sector's growth are outlined together with the government's aspirations for improvement. The article represents a rare attempt at mapping the information sector in Uganda for the purpose of wide information dissemination.     

墨西哥政治经济改革对传媒业影响探微

20世纪 8 0年代中后期是战后墨西哥政治经济发展的分水岭 ,从这一时期始 ,墨西哥经济上全面推行以私有化和贸易自由化为主的新自由主义经济改革 ,政治上为多元化、民主化拓宽道路。经济改革加深了墨西哥传媒业“身不由己”依附美国的态势 ,将传媒业的私有化、垄断化程度推向一个新的高度 ;政治改革改写了“政府引而不发 ,报纸明哲保身”的定势 ,传媒界该出手时就出手     

Transformational change and business process reengineering (BPR): Lessons from the British and Dutch public sector

Facilitated by electronic government, public agencies are looking for transformational change by making a radical improvement. At first glance, this development is similar to the business process re-engineering (BPR) movement in the private sector. While policy makers and practitioners in the public sector have branded their recent improvements as BPR, the academic and research community have thus far eluded from making any comparisons. This has left a vacuum in terms of understanding the complexity of the challenges facing e-Government re-engineering and resultant change in public agencies. The aim of this paper is to translate the BPR movement findings to the field of e-Government induced change in the public sector. BPR characteristics and challenges are derived using normative literature and compared with two cases of public sector transformation in the UK and Netherlands. The results of these cases show that e-Government-induced change requires a plan for a radical improvement which, in contrast to BPR, is obtained by incremental steps and has a high level of participation. The findings offer policy makers valuable insights into the complexities and possible strategies that may need to be followed in order to succeed in e-Government implementation.     

公共部门信息增值利用的若干概念辨析

公共部门信息增值利用的内涵界定,对公共部门信息增值利用的公共物品属性的判断至关重要。针对国内对公共部门信息增值利用的公共部门信息、增值利用、公共任务等重要概念进行国内外的比较和分析,对公共部门信息增值利用的公共部门信息额度范围、增值利用的判断标准、增值利用与公共部门信息一般利用、信息公共获取、公益性开发利用的联系和区别提出自己的看法。     

公共部门信息再利用制度研究

公共部门信息再利用制度在欧盟各国和美国都引起了充分重视,欧盟2003年<公共部门信息再利用指令>的通过标志着该制度的初步建立.中国的公共部门信息存量巨大,发展迅速,并且已存在相关的再利用业务,但公共部门信息再利用制度供给不足,需要构建包括产权制度、市场制度和程序制度在内的再利用制度体系.参考文献17.     

A public value perspective for ICT enabled public sector reforms: A theoretical reflection

The purpose of this paper is to offer a critical discussion of information system adoption in the public sector (often referred to as e-government) and to contribute to the debate by offering a public value perspective. The paper points to the public value paradigm as an alternative approach to studying ICT-enabled public sector reforms. This paradigm, we argue, proposes an alternative way of framing the nature of the problems faced when ICT enabled public sector reforms are initiated and studied. The public value perspective proposes a new and richer context in which to study and research these phenomena. It also calls for the redefinition of the ways we assess e-government in the context of public sector reforms. It is therefore seen as vital to evaluate the socio-political impact of ICT adoption in the public sector.     

Evaluating digital libraries in the health sector. Part 1: measuring inputs and outputs

This is the first part of a two-part paper which explores methods that can be used to evaluate digital libraries in the health sector. In this first part, some approaches to evaluation that have been proposed for mainstream digital information services are examined for their suitability to provide models for the health sector. The paper summarizes some major national and collaborative initiatives to develop measures for digital libraries, and analyses these approaches in terms of their relationship to traditional measures of library performance, which are focused on inputs and outputs, and their relevance to current debates among health information specialists. The second part* looks more specifically at evaluative models based on outcomes, and models being developed in the health sector.     

An attention-based view of AI assimilation in public sector organizations: The case of Saudi Arabia

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been suggested to have transformative potential for public sector organizations through enabling increased productivity and novel ways to deliver public services. In order to materialize the transformative potential of AI, public sector organizations need to successfully assimilate AI in their operational activities. However, AI assimilation in the public sector appears to be fragmented and lagging the private sector, and the phenomena has really limited attention from academic research community. To address this gap, we adopt the case study approach to explore three Saudi-Arabian public sector organizations and analyze the results using the attention-based view of the organization (ABV) as the theoretical lens. This study elucidates the challenges related AI assimilation in public sector in terms of how organizational attention is focused situated and distributed during the assimilation process. Five key challenges emerged from the cases studied, namely (i) misalignment between AI and management decision-making, (ii) tensions with linguistics and national culture, (iii) developing and implementing AI infrastructure, (iv) data integrity and sharing, and (v) ethical and governance concerns. The findings reveal a re-enforcing relationship between the situated attention and structural distribution of attention that can accelerate the successful assimilation of AI in public sector organizations.     

Public sector information system project failures: Lessons from a New Zealand hospital organization

Information system (IS) project failures are so common as to be almost expected by planners. There is an expanding literature on IS project failures including both theory and case studies. This literature, however, is largely derived from private sector IS failures, despite the fact that the likelihood of failure appears higher in the public sector. This article seeks to fill the public sector case study void. It details the failure and abandonment of a large New Zealand public hospital IS development. The case corroborates findings from the private sector literature, namely that ill-planned and managed, large and multifaceted projects are more likely to fail and that contextual issues are highly influential. It also shows how much more complex project commissioning and development is in situations of public governance where political and organizational elements come to the fore. Finally, the article offers lessons for public sector IS planners.     

Public engagement and AI: A values analysis of national strategies

Calls for public engagement and participation in AI governance align strongly with a public value management approach to public administration. Simultaneously, the prominence of commercial vendors and consultants in AI discourse emphasizes market value and efficiency in a way often associated with the private sector and New Public Management. To understand how this might influence the consolidation of AI governance regimes and decision-making by public administrators, 16 national strategies for AI are subjected to content analysis. References to the public's role and public engagement mechanisms are mapped across national strategies, as is the articulation of values related to professionalism, efficiency, service, engagement, and the private sector. Though engagement rhetoric is common, references to specific engagement mechanisms and activities are rare. Analysis of value relationships highlights congruence of engagement values with professionalism and private sector values, and raises concerns about neoliberal technology frames that normalize AI, obscuring policy complexity and trade-offs.     

Technological frames,CIOs, and Artificial Intelligence in public administration: A socio-cognitive exploratory study in Spanish local governments

Artificial Intelligence (AI) policies and strategies have been designed and adopted in the public sector during the last few years, with Chief Information Officers (CIOs) playing a key role. Using socio-cognitive and institutional approaches on Information Technologies (ITs) in (public) organizations, we consider that the assumptions, expectations, and knowledge (technological frames) of those in charge (CIOs) of designing AI strategies are guiding the future of these emerging systems in the public sector. In this study, we focus on the technological frames of CIOs in the largest Spanish local governments. Based on a survey administered to CIOs leading IT departments, this article presents original data about their technological frames on AI. Our results: (1) provide insights about how CIOs tend to focus on the technological features of AI implementation while often overlook some of the social, political, and ethical challenges in the public sector; (2) expand the theory on AI by enabling the construction of propositions and testable hypotheses for future research in the field. Therefore, the comparative study of technological frames will be key to successfully design and implement AI policies and strategies in the public sector and to tackle future challenges and opportunities.     

Assessing Use and User Needs for Content Management Systems in the Canadian Federal Public Sector

Canadian public sector organizations require users to make use of content management systems. Symptoms of low adoption include misuse and inefficient workarounds. This research project, through the use of a survey, investigates perspectives of end users in the Canadian public sector; it focuses on assessing users' needs and incorporating their feedback. A goal for this research was to explore and interpret the challenges related to needs assessment in content management projects.     

Artificial intelligence in public services: When and why citizens accept its usage

Interest in implementing artificial intelligence (AI)–based software in the public sector is growing. First implementations and research in individual public services have already been carried out; however, a better understanding of citizens' acceptance of this technology is missing in the public sector, as insights from the private sector cannot be transferred directly. For this purpose, we conduct policy-capturing experiments to analyze AI's acceptance in six representative scenarios. Based on behavioral reasoning theory, we gather evidence from 329 participants. The results show that AI solutions in general public services are preferred over those provided by humans, but specific services are still a human domain. Further analyses show that the major drivers toward acceptance are the reasons against AI. The results contribute to understanding of when and why AI is accepted in public services. Public administration can use the results to identify AI-based software to invest in and communicate their usage to perceive such investments' high acceptance rates.     

欧盟公共部门信息增值利用的实践、效果及趋势

为了推动信息化进程,促进信息产业的快速发展,欧盟通过采取一系列的政策和措施来加快由公共部门信息获取向信息增值开发重心的转变。文章拟通过对欧盟公共部门信息增值开发具体实践、效果及趋势分析,然后结合我国目前自身发展的基本现状,提出相应的建议为实现信息增值开发实践提供参考。     

Building state information highways: lessons for public and private sector leaders

In America’s state houses small yet powerful collections of policy leaders, in the public and private sector, are guiding the initial conception and early implementation of advanced communication networks. This article investigates how the beliefs of leading actors collide to produce two distinctive state networks. Rather than focus exclusively on the simple dichotomous “yes” or “no” decision regarding the adoption or nonadoption of an advanced telecommunications system, like a statewide information highway, this article focuses on the critical role of debate imbedded within that decision. Analysis and presentation of interviews and extensive literature reviews of the development of information highways, in North Carolina and Iowa, provide the setting for the generation of hypotheses suggesting the future trajectory of technology policymaking. While praised for their bold, visionary leadership and innovative system designs, the accounts of network development in these two American states also provide a cautionary tale for other subnational governments and for private sector telecommunications firms interested in the business of building public sector information highways.     

Mapping the challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the public sector: Evidence from public healthcare

The nascent adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public sector is being assessed in contradictory ways. But while there is increasing speculation about both its dangers and its benefits, there is very little empirical research to substantiate them. This study aims at mapping the challenges in the adoption of AI in the public sector as perceived by key stakeholders. Drawing on the theoretical lens of framing, we analyse a case of adoption of the AI system IBM Watson in public healthcare in China, to map how three groups of stakeholders (government policy-makers, hospital managers/doctors, and Information Technology (IT) firm managers) perceive the challenges of AI adoption in the public sector. Findings show that different stakeholders have diverse, and sometimes contradictory, framings of the challenges. We contribute to research by providing an empirical basis to claims of AI challenges in the public sector, and to practice by providing four sets of guidelines for the governance of AI adoption in the public sector.     

What can open innovation be used for and how does it create value?

Societies face difficult challenges which require responses that go beyond the innovation capability of most public sector organisations. Open approaches to public sector innovation that exploits digital technologies have been proposed for some years to close this gap, but our knowledge of the use and outcome of using open innovation in this context is limited. This research takes stock of the study and use of these approaches by investigating the purposes for which public sector organisations use open innovation, and how it creates value. The research question is answered through a systematic literature review and an analysis of publicly available data about the open innovation projects referred to in that literature.The research identifies five different purposes of using open innovation. It also suggests that public sector organisations primarily use open innovation to pursue one specific purpose: innovation in society. When using open innovation for this purpose, public sector organisations attempt to create value by improving citizens' quality of life and the quality of neighbourhoods. They do this primarily by co-specialising IT and other resources in society (e.g. the transportation system) and by using the outcome of this co-specialisation process to change citizen behaviour, capabilities and experiences (e.g. encouraging citizens to use the transportation system more efficiently or making citizens feel more safe when using the transportation system).This research indicates that open innovation is generally not used to open up public sector organisations or to give citizens more influence in public sector or democratic processes. The research also indicates that open innovation, until now, has primarily been used to solve minor problems, and not large scale wicked problems in society. The research suggests a framework for value creation from open innovation initiatives that pursues innovation in society. This framework might help public sector organisations increase value creation and solve wicked problems using open innovation, and might help researchers to focus future open innovation research on essential knowledge gaps.