医学科技期刊专家外审结论与定稿会结论的一致性分析

【目的】 分析医学科技期刊稿件的专家外审结论与定稿会结论的一致性并探讨其产生差异的原因。【方法】 对比分析2016年11月至2017年4月《中华神经科杂志》6次定稿会讨论稿件的专家外审结论与定稿会结论之间的异同。【结果】 各类稿件的专家外审结论与定稿会结论的退稿一致性均较高,而录用一致性均欠佳,专家通过定稿会集体讨论得出的审稿意见比外审意见更为严格、科学和全面。【结论】 在稿源充足的条件下,若稿件的外审意见不佳可直接考虑退稿,缩短审稿周期,提高稿件的处理效率;而有必要将外审意见良好的稿件提交定稿会进行再次讨论,为稿件的学术质量进一步把关。通过对比外审结论与定稿会结论的一致性,也可甄别审稿专家的审稿专业程度。     

专家审稿意见在科技期刊论文中的合理呈现探讨

【目的】揭示专家审稿意见在科技期刊论文中合理呈现的价值、形式和基本要求,为其深度开发利用提供借鉴。【方法】从科技期刊中充分搜集呈现专家审稿意见的例文,并参考相关研究成果,分析对比,总结归纳。【结果】发现纸质期刊随文刊载专家审稿意见并不普遍;主要分布于脚注和文后注释中,正文中较为罕见;形式上多为笼统致谢,具体描述专家审稿意见及本人处理情况的不多。【结论】专家审稿意见的合理呈现具有可行性和必要性,对其普及和推行有利于形成新的学术规范,加强审稿规范化,完善审稿机制,提高科技期刊利益各方的学术水平,推动学术繁荣。     

社科学术期刊专家外审制度的现实困境与破解思路

【目的】基于核心期刊外审过程中的真实数据展开量化分析,为社科期刊完善审稿制度、提升办刊质量提供启示与借鉴。【方法】基于国内核心社科期刊外审工作的实践,分析当前专家外审制度具体执行过程中存在的主要问题、内在原因和破解思路。【结果】专家外审制度的主要问题在于审稿周期较长、审稿意见质量不高、作者与专家对话机制不完善。之所以存在这些问题,是因为专家的劳动价值与报酬不匹配、稿件送审不够精准、期刊与专家联系不够、期刊制度完善动力不足。【结论】要破解上述难题,需要建立更完善的审稿专家数据库,鼓励编辑与专家加强线下交流,强化对专家的评价与激励,同时加强期刊间合作,从而形成互助共享的发展格局。     

科技期刊学术不良行为认知与管控研究——基于作者、编辑和审稿专家的问卷调查分析

【目的】 分析学术不良的行为表现、原因及责任主体,并提出管控措施。【方法】 论文以作者、编辑和审稿专家为调查对象,围绕科技期刊学术不良行为总体态度和认知、学术不良行为表现认知和学术不良行为产生的原因及主要责任主体认知三个问题,对科技期刊学术不良行为进行调查研究。【结果】 科技期刊学术不良行为已引起广泛关注,作者、编辑和审稿专家均持抵制态度;对科技期刊学术不良行为表现的认知局限于学术腐败、学术道德和学术规范层面,而对学术评价体系和价值导向层面关注不够;科技期刊学术不良行为产生的原因是多元的,以往多关注作者、编辑和审稿专家方面的主观行为,忽视了学术评价标准及价值导向等客观方面的不足,导致科技期刊作者发文目的偏差;从学术不良行为责任主体来看,作者本人、大学和科研机构评价体制以及学术监管部门的客观责任主体比直接参与的编辑和审稿专家的主体责任更大。【结论】 应从价值观塑造、评估体系优化、行为监管加强、学术素养培养等方面进行综合管控和防范,以杜绝科技期刊学术不良行为发生。     

科技期刊审稿专家激励策略优化研究——基于不同审稿动力因素的比较视角

【目的】发现不同审稿专家动力因素产生激励作用的差异,为期刊出版单位优化审稿激励策略提供参考。【方法】首先,运用文献调研法构建科研人员参与审稿的动力因素体系;其次,利用问卷法调研不同动力因素产生作用的差异。【结果】获取相关学术信息、了解同行状态、促使深度阅读、获取优先发表机会产生的审稿激励作用强,而物质回报、致谢信、DOI标注、第三方审稿平台的记录与认证、网上资源折扣的作用弱。学科、职称、审稿年限等特征不同的专家参与审稿的主要动力因素差异大。【结论】期刊出版单位应高度重视稿件本身产生的审稿激励作用;强化优先发表、进入编委会、提供学术动态策略,弱化物质回报、致谢信、DOI标注措施,避免低效投入,实现编辑部激励作用最大化;同时还需激发审稿专家作为学术共同体成员的责任感,方可确保其稳定持续的审稿意愿。     

基于危害分析与关键控制点原理的科技期刊稿件质量控制

【目的】 应用危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)原理分析科技期刊编辑控制稿件质量的关键步骤以及可行措施,为提高科技期刊质量提供参考。【方法】 基于HACCP体系的危害分析原理梳理科技期刊编辑处理稿件流程中初审、送审、编辑加工和出版4个环节中影响稿件质量的主要因素;应用关键控制点判断树法分析稿件质量控制的关键点;探讨编辑在稿件处理流程中各个环节的质量控制措施。【结果】 编辑控制稿件质量的关键点是送审、编辑加工和出版3个环节。编辑在稿件处理流程中控制质量的主要措施包括：采用定性与定量相结合的多层次初审方式,从源头上控制稿件质量;多渠道筛选审稿专家,建立科学的评议制度,确保审稿质量;采用“三读四性”加工方式,从学术内容和编辑规范角度提高编辑加工水平;采用规范化的校对方式,提高出版质量等。【结论】 将HACCP原理应用于科技期刊稿件质量控制能够有效控制和提升稿件质量,有助于促进期刊良性发展。     

国内英文科技期刊国际化审稿实践的探讨——以Plasma Science and Technology为例

【目的】 尝试探索我国英文科技期刊国际化审稿的实践经验,为同行期刊提供一定参考。【方法】 以Plasma Science and Technology为例,从前期准备工作、选送国际审稿人、及时催审和增审、完善审稿人数据库、激发审稿人积极性等方面详细描述了英文科技期刊开展国际审稿的具体实践,以实例阐述了国际审稿对期刊的影响。【结果】 国际审稿有助于在国际上宣传期刊、提高期刊质量和国际影响力。组建一支庞大的国际审稿人队伍和编辑借助稿件采编系统送审稿件是期刊国际审稿行之有效的途径,但国际审回率偏低是目前面临的主要困难。【结论】 国内英文科技期刊应当重视国际审稿。提高送审稿件质量、提升编辑业务能力、多渠道开展期刊国际宣传有利于提高国际审回率,推进期刊审稿国际化进程。     

医学期刊中审稿专家拒审情况的调查分析

【目的】了解医学期刊中专家拒审稿件的发生情况,剖析其原因和规律,以期为减少拒审率寻找有效对策。【方法】选取《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2013—2014年两年内的收录稿件为研究对象,统计并分析所有送审稿件中被专家拒审稿件的频次,总结其主要原因,分析医学类期刊审稿专家的审稿习惯并统计拒审发生的周期。【结果】数据分析表明,50%以上的编辑送审行为均存在被拒审的情况;排在前3位的拒审理由为专业不符、判断不明和工作繁忙,超过三分之一的稿件拒审行为集中发生在每年的6～8月份;近半数审稿专家的个人信息填写不完整,给编辑的送审工作带来了不少困难。【结论】医学期刊中审稿专家拒审情况普遍存在。编辑部应面对外审专家不同的拒审原因,提出合理可行的解决方案,采取有效措施促进医学期刊的长远发展。     

英文科技期刊遴选审稿专家的途径与原则——以《中国化学快报》为例

【目的】为其他英文科技期刊编辑选择合适、准确的审稿专家提供参考借鉴。【方法】以《中国化学快报》为例,介绍英文科技期刊编辑快速选择合适、准确的"小同行"评审专家的途径和原则。【结果】通过选取编委/青年编委、利用已有的审稿专家库、利用网络数据库、作者推荐、其他专家推荐或者学者自荐等途径,英文科技期刊编辑可以为稿件选到合适的专家审稿。【结论】建立并及时维护审稿专家库,全面掌握审稿专家信息,可以提高审稿效率和期刊质量。     

IEEE Xplore科技期刊平台品牌文化建设策略分析及启示

【目的】分析IEEE Xplore科技期刊出版平台品牌文化建设策略,为我国科技期刊品牌文化建设提供参考。【方法】利用案例分析法、对比分析法和归纳总结法,研究IEEE Xplore科技期刊出版平台品牌文化建设现状和整体情况。【结果】IEEE Xplore科技期刊出版平台的品牌文化建设策略主要包括强化使命感,制定中长期战略规划,重视青年科学家早期培养与专家引领,推动学术伦理与多样性、包容性建设,构建科技仪式感、价值感和荣誉感,提升行业不可替代性并加强人文关怀等。【结论】建议国内期刊数字出版平台明确使命和愿景,积极布局中长期战略规划;广布有效关联节点,重视科学家早期培养体系;紧密连接专家、媒体和受众,形成“专家—期刊文章—媒体/受众—受众/媒体—专家”的闭环品牌宣传模式,发挥专家引领作用;从学术伦理规范、多样性、包容性、科技仪式感、价值感和荣誉感、服务能力、人文关怀等方面多方位提升科技期刊的品牌文化价值,增强不可替代性。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence