从《书剑恩仇录》英译本看意识形态对中国武侠译作的操纵

翻译文化派学者勒费弗尔认为,影响文学译作的决定性因素是意识形态。在此理论观照下,我们对中国武侠小说代表人物金庸的开山之作《书剑恩仇录》英译本进行个案研究,从中发现,在对待中国文学中的独特文体———武侠小说的翻译中,译者的翻译行为和翻译策略确实受到意识形态的操控,即社会意识形态和个人意识形态的双重制约。     

Advocacy and IEC strategies. Getting the most from the experience of others in promoting adolescent reproductive and sexual health

The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Regional Clearing House on Population Education has commissioned a series of case studies on the promotion of adolescent reproductive and sexual health, with emphasis placed on advocacy and information, education and communication (IEC). The case studies will document the experiences of Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The advocacy activities include programs to gain the support of lawmakers and policymakers, the mass media and other influential groups. IEC activities, on the other hand, reach out to the youth, counselors, teachers and trainers, extension workers and motivators, and health personnel. Advocacy and IEC also differ in strategies. Political lobbying, high level meetings, seminars, mass media campaigns, and advocacy skills training are typical advocacy strategies; while, individual counseling, research, non-governmental organization involvement in communities, youth camps are of IEC strategies. The case studies also examine national policies, program responses and strategies, and factors that have contributed to best practices, and innovative approaches to advocacy and IEC. The impact of the target groups of the case studies will be evaluated and those with successful outcomes will be identified.     

Problem-solving in a case-based course: Strategies for facilitating coached expertise

This paper proposes the use of specific coaching strategies to facilitate student use of expert-like problem-solving strategies while analyzing and solving instructional design case studies. Findings from an exploratory study, designed to examine changes in students' problem-solving skills as they analyzed case studies, suggested that students could show expert characteristics at times, under some circumstances, but did not perform like experts on a regular basis. At two midwestern universities, 37 students analyzed 6 to 10 case studies both in class and in on-line discussions. Comparisons were made both within and across students, as well as across time, to examine patterns and changes in student problem-solving approaches. Findings suggested that primary influences on the incidence of expert performance were more external than internal and might be more aptly characterized as “coached expertise”. Specific suggestions are included for coaching the development of student problem-solving skills within a case-based course.     

Inclusive practice within the lived cultures of school communities: research case studies in teaching,learning and inclusion

This paper provides an account of a teacher's use of theory as a tool to develop inclusive practice through a social studies programme in a new entrant class. The account illustrates the ways in which the teacher drew on research to assist in the facilitation of an inclusive educational environment. Presented are research case studies the teacher encountered in an in-service teacher education programme, and the ‘social constructionist’ and ‘personal tragedy’ models that were used as theoretical tools to assist the teacher's planning and teaching practice. Mounted cameras, broadcast microphones and pre- and post-unit interviews with the teacher and students were used to explore the lived culture of the classroom, and the nature and effectiveness of the strategies the teacher used. An ‘interrupted narrative’ methodology engages the reader in the interplay between research and theory in the research case studies. Four major strategies used by the teacher have been identified and these are presented as theoretical tools for other teachers and teacher educators to use, critique and develop to support inclusive practice in their own contexts.     

案例教学法在管理学课程中的应用

论述了案例教学法在管理学课程教学中应用的必要性,它有效地调动了学生学习的积极性,有利于提高学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,指出案例教学还存在诸如合适案例较难选择、案例教学流于形式等问题,并提出了改善案例教学的对策,如教师应加强继续教育,改善教学模式等。     

基于管理理论构建的案例教学策略

基于管理理论构建过程的案例教学模式可以把理论研究和教学有机结合起来,使学生成为教师的研究伙伴,参与到理论构建过程中,在教学中实现师生共赢。结合教学实例,文章从归纳和推论这两种不同的理论构建情形给出了实施基于管理理论构建过程的案例教学的具体策略。     

智能不足儿童拾垃圾行为干预的个案研究

本文选取了浙江省某特殊学校一例有拾垃圾行为的智能不足学生进行了个案研究。干预方法主要以正强化、负惩罚、拾垃圾比赛和榜样学习法为主。研究结果表明干预显着降低了被试课间拾垃圾行为的发生频次,说明通过适当的行为干预,拾垃圾行为可以得到一定程度的改善。本文最后探讨了行为改变的有效策略,并针对存在的问题提出建议。     

The role of state and trait motivational regulation for procrastinatory behavior in academic contexts: Insights from two diary studies

Academic procrastination can theoretically be conceptualized as a failure in motivational self-regulation. It can be assumed that besides the mere use of motivational regulation strategies, fitting motivational regulation strategies with the current motivational problem can also have beneficial effects on academic procrastination. As both academic procrastination and motivational regulation can be conceptualized as over time fluctuating and situation-specific behaviors, not only trait, but also state fractions of these constructs have to be considered. To elucidate the interrelations between academic procrastinatory behavior and motivational regulation, we therefore examined trait use, state use, trait fit, and state fit of motivational regulation strategies. To test their relevance for academic procrastinatory behavior, we conducted two longitudinal and situation-specific diary studies with 128 and 218 university students. Results of growth curve modeling indicate that academic procrastinatory behavior varies between persons, declines during exam preparation, and can be reduced by using well-fitting motivational regulation strategies. Specifically, both trait and state strategy fit were negatively associated with academic procrastinatory behavior, while mere strategy use was not.     

Abduction,deduction and induction: can these concepts be used for an understanding of methodological processes in interpretative case studies?

Within the area of interpretative case studies, there appears to be a vast amount of literature about theoretical interpretations as the main analytical strategy. In light of this theoretically based strategy in case studies, this article presents an extended perspective based on Charles Sanders Peirce’s concepts of abduction, deduction and induction. I intend to show some of the integral relationships between these concepts which can be relevant for interpretative case studies exemplified by classroom research. The connections between these concepts and interpretative field research result in two interpretative strategies, illuminated by syllogisms, and named abduction–deduction–induction (A–D–I) and deduction–induction–abduction (D–I–A). These strategies will be discussed.     

Long-term development of learning activity: Motivational,cognitive, and social interaction

Recent research on school learning has dealt only with cognitive aspects of the student activity. However, in typical learning and performance situations, the student is expected to cope with complex social and emotional challenges. We developed a theoretical model that describes typical patterns of coping strategies that students use in school situations. The dominating tendency of some students in school situations is task orientation. Such students are oriented to interpret and fulfill the demands of learning tasks. In contrast, other students are sensitive to the threat of failure and show ego-oriented coping strategies. A third group of students relies on social-dependence coping. Orientation tendencies originate in classroom situations, but are then continuously reproduced and reinforced in similar teaching interactions. A multimethod approach was used to test this theoretical model. Longitudinal case studies have demonstrated the cumulation and reinforcement processes of coping tendencies in teaching interactions. Classroom interaction studies have provided evidence of the strong interaction between cognitive processes and socioemotional orientation. Finally, intervention studies have shown that, to improve the use of cognitive strategies, coping strategies also have to be changed.     

Counseling Deaf College Students: The Case of Shea

This case study describes developmental and psychosocial challenges experienced by a Deaf college student. A counseling intervention that combines person‐centered and cognitive behavior approaches with psychoeducational strategies designed to educate the client about Deaf identity development and Deaf culture is presented.     

LEARNING STRATEGIES CAN HELP POOR LEARNERS IN CET-4 LISTENING COMPREHENSION-A CASE STUDY

By adopting the research method of case study in listening comprehension. It is found that the learner can level. After a twelve-week training in learning strategies, the this article studies the learning strategies of a poor learner of English use some learning strategies occasionally but only at very elementary learner made noticeable progress in CET-4 listening comprehension, which proves that learning strategies can be trained and contribute positively to language proficiency.     

Pre-service teachers’ defensive pessimism in situ: Two case studies within a mathematics classroom

In this study, defensive pessimism is reviewed in relation to anxiety, self-esteem, expectations, self-regulation, and self-handicapping. Then, two case studies of American pre-service teachers in a mathematics classroom are provided that move the research beyond survey and correlational studies. In the case analyses, defensive pessimists’ discourse and behaviours are examined and additional characteristics are noted, e.g., expressions of humour and self-congratulations. In connection with teaching, teachers are encouraged to support defensive pessimists’ learning strategies, such as perseverance and the use of multiple representations, so that the focus is on meaningful learning instead of the negative self-talk.     

Parentalplegia

While mental and physical handicaps directly affect many children, a more subtle secondary condition often occurs within the families of handicapped children. As parents develop coping mechanisms for the various types, degrees, and stages of their youngster's handicapping condition, the dynamics of the family often are affected. The authors of this article use the term parentalplegia to focus on the secondary parental problems caused by children's primary handicapping condition, and use specific case studies of a mental retardate and two cerebral palsied children to help illustrate how parents' behavior is often clearly modified as a result of their child's handicapping condition. With misinformation and distortion of thought serving as precursors of parentalplegia, the authors suggest ways to remediate the effects of this problem through the use of educational and affective strategies. The article hopefully will remind child study persons of the need for a holistic approach to working with the handicapped.     

Linkages Among Preschoolers' Playground Behavior,Outcome Expectations,and Parental Disciplinary Strategies

To explore relationships among parent's self-reported disciplinary strategies, preschoolers' outcome expectations, and playground behavior, 136 mothers of preschool-age children (age range = 39–71 months) participated in home disciplinary style interviews. Measures of preschoolers' outcome expectations and observations of childrens' prosocial, antisocial/disruptive, and nonsocial/withdrawn playground behavior in preschool settings were also obtained. Results indicated that power-assertive mothers had preschoolers who engaged in more antisocial/disruptive behavior and who expected successful instrumental outcomes for hostile methods of resolving peer conflict. Preschoolers with such outcome expectations also participated in more antisocial playground behavior. Older preschoolers of inductive mothers engaged in more prosocial behavior and expected prosocial behavior to lead to both instrumental gains and enhanced relations with peers. Preschoolers who were more prosocial envisioned friendly-assertive strategies as leading to instrumental gains and, in the case of less nonsocial behavior, to enhanced relations with peers. Children's outcome expectations were also found to be different for older versus younger preschoolers. Evidence was also obtained suggesting that maternal discipline and outcome expectations make separate and independent contributions to children's social and aggressive play behavior.     

Linkages Among Preschoolers' Playground Behavior, Outcome Expectations, and Parental Disciplinary Strategies

To explore relationships among parent's self-reported disciplinary strategies, preschoolers' outcome expectations, and playground behavior, 136 mothers of preschool-age children (age range = 39-71 months) participated in home disciplinary style interviews. Measures of preschoolers' outcome expectations and observations of childrens' prosocial, antisocial/disruptive, and nonsocial/withdrawn playground behavior in preschool settings were also obtained. Results indicated that power-assertive mothers had preschoolers who engaged in more antisocial/disruptive behavior and who expected successful instrumental outcomes for hostile methods of resolving peer conflict. Preschoolers with such outcome expectations also participated in more antisocial playground behavior. Older preschoolers of inductive mothers engaged in more prosocial behavior and expected prosocial behavior to lead to both instrumental gains and enhanced relations with peers. Preschoolers who were more prosocial envisioned friendly-assertive strategies as leading to instrumental gains and, in the case of less nonsocial behavior, to enhanced relations with peers. Children's outcome expectations were also found to be different for older versus younger preschoolers. Evidence was also obtained suggesting that maternal discipline and outcome expectations make separate and independent contributions to children's social and aggressive play behavior.     

Student Perceptions of Industrial Chemistry Classroom Learning Environments

This article describes a study conducted in Israel which focused on how learning industrial chemistry case studies affects students' perceptions of their classroom learning environment and their interest in chemistry studies. The goal of the study was to determine the effects of industrial case studies on students' perceptions of chemistry in general, and industrial chemistry in particular. Information on students' perceptions was gathered from a learning environment inventory specifically developed for this study. It was observed that industrial chemistry case studies helped in providing students with a relevant picture of chemistry in general and their chemistry studies in particular. It was also found that teachers who had attended an intensive training workshop were the most successful in presenting the relevance of chemistry in the case studies. These teachers also were more successful in raising students' awareness of the social implications of chemistry studies. Furthermore, their students had a better awareness of the contribution made by chemistry studies to their preparation as future citizens and for a possible career in chemistry. These findings have important implications for any decisions about whether to make industrial chemistry case studies obligatory for students who major in chemistry. There are further implications regarding the content and learning strategies to be used for the professional development of science teachers in general and chemistry teachers in particular. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

行为导向教学法在二本院校市场营销专业教学中的应用

传统的教学模式已经不能满足人才培养的要求,而行为导向教学法强调培养学生的专业能力与社会能力,以学生为主,老师作为引导者,让学生主动去设计完成教学过程。通过对行为导向教学法的研讨,对项目教学法、模拟教学法、案例教学法、大脑风暴法等在二本院校市场营销专业教学中的应用进行分析,并提出注重发挥教师的能动性、因材施教、加强团队建设、改进考核方法等相应的教改对策。     

幼儿分享行为研究状况概述-基于“中国期刊全文数据库”

目前,幼儿分享行为研究主要集中在内涵、积极意义、现状、影响因素和培养策略上,研究存在一定的不足：定性研究多,定量研究少;经验总结多,个案研究少;重复研究多,创新研究少。研究者需进行更有针对性的研究,借鉴国外学者的研究经验,使幼儿分享行为的研究更加丰富。     

The Whole Earth: An EE Perspective

Abstract

Despite the wealth of information which exists concerning environmental behavior, it is not known which variable or variables appear to be most influential in motivating individuals to take responsible environmental action. A meta-analysis of environmental behavior research was undertaken in an attempt to determine this. An exhaustive search of the empirically based environmental behavior research conducted over the past decade yielded a substantial number of studies representative of a broad academic base. The characteristics and findings of these studies served as the data for the meta-analysis. As a result of the meta-analysis, the following variables were found to be associated with responsible environmental behavior: knowledge of issues, knowledge of action strategies, locus of control, attitudes, verbal commitment, and an individual's sense of responsibility. A model of predictors of environmental behavior is proposed.