The relationship between the WISC-III and the WRAT3 in a sample of rural referred children

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children-III and the Wide Range Achievement Test, 3rd Edition. The study investigated the scores of 37 children in a rural Arkansas school district who were referred for evaluation because of academic difficulties. The children ranged in age from 6 to 16 years and included 35 Whites and 2 Blacks, with 22 males and 15 females. The findings indicated that the WRAT3 correlations with the WISC-III ranged from .42 to .66. These findings are consistent with others on the general correlations between IQ and achievement test scores.     

A comparison of the PPVT-R and WISC-R with rural children referred for assessment

The present study investigated the relationship between the Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-R) and the WISC-R for a naturally occurring sample of rural children referred for assessment (N = 53). The results indicated that the PPVT-R was highly correlated with WISC-R scale and subtest scores. Examination of a sub-sample of developmentally handicapped students revealed substantial reduction in correlational relationships as a function of reduced sample size and restricted range of general ability. While the PPVT-R was found to underestimate all three WISC-R scale scores, the discrepancy between the PPVT-R standard scores and the WISC-R Performance Scale score was the only statistically significant underestimation. Results are discussed in terms of prior research findings and implications for interpretation.     

Relationship between WISC-R and WRAT in children referred for learning difficulties

Correlations between the WISC-R Full, Verbal, Performance, and Freedom from Distractibility Scale IQs, WISC-R subtest scaled scores, and Wide Range Achievement Test Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic standard scores were computed for a sample of 114 children (64 boys, 50 girls), aged 6 to 16 years, who were referred for psychological evaluation because of academic or learning difficulties. The Full Scale IQ, Verbal Scale IQ, and Freedom from Distractibility IQ correlated moderately with the three achievement area standard scores (rs of .48 to .59). However, the Performance Scale IQ correlated minimally with reading and spelling scores (rs of .26 and .27), but moderately with arithmetic scores (r = .40). The results support the concurrent validity of the WISC-R.     

Rorschach variables and their relationship to WISC-R IQ among children referred

Eighty-eight children ages six to seventeen referred for psychological evaluation had been administered the Rorschach test (Exner system) and the WISC-R, among other tests, for diagnostic purposes. The data were analyzed in order to determine relationships between Rorschach variables and WISC-R IQ levels. Significant relationships were found between groups for the variables FM + m and ep, after which prediction formulas were developed for estimates and use of verbal terminology associated with IQ levels.     

The relationship between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) and the WISC-R with referred students

The K-BIT and the WISC-R were administered in counterbalanced order to 35 referred students. Although the K-BIT IQ Composite correlated significantly with the WISC-R Full Scale IQ scores (r=.81), the mean scores differed significantly (difference = 6.2 points; p<.001). The results provide moderate support for the K-BIT as a screening instrument when the WISC-R is the follow-up or comprehensive measure of intelligence.     

WISC-R performance of children referred to a university center for learning disabilities

This study compared the WISC-R performance of 40 children ranging in age from 6–6 to 15–10, referred to a university center for suspected learning disabilities, with that of two clinically defined groups of learning disabled children. The university center children were found to have WISC-R profiles similar to those of the learning disabled children, with higher overall levels of performance. It was speculated that these children avoid classification as learning disabled by virtue of possessing higher cognitive abilities than those children who are classified. Implications were raised concerning the role of university centers with children experiencing learning difficulties and the accuracy of parental perceptions of learning disabilities.     

A comparison between the WISC and WISC-R among a clinical referred population

This study compared the three scales of the WISC and the WISC-R for degree of intercorrelation. The differences among scores and among variances were also computed for the two tests. Fifty-eight subjects from a clinical referred population were studied, including children classified as EMR, Learning Disabled, Emotionally Disturbed, and children in regular classrooms. Results included significant correlations in all cases, no systematic changes in variance, and significantly lower IQs on the WISC-R for all children in this sample, except the EMRs.     

Further investigation of comparability of the WISC-R and PPVT-R for children and youth referred for psychological services

Comparisons of the WISC-R and PPVT-R were made with 37 students (25 boys, 12 girls). Pearson product moments (r) and two-tail f-tests were employed in the data analysis. The sample ranged in age from 6-2 to 14-6, with a mean age of 10-1, and SD=2.6. There were no significant differences between the WISC-R IQs and PPVT-R standard scores. The PPVT-R did not correlate significantly with the WISC-R IQ scales.     

The diagnostic utility of Bannatyne's recategorized WISC-R scores with children referred to a developmental evaluation center

The diagnostic utility of Bannatyne's recategorized WISC-R scores in differentiating among children referred to a developmental evaluation center was evaluated. The results failed to provide support for the diagnostic utility of recategorized WISC-R scores in general and for the pattern spatial 〉conceptual〉sequential in particular. The findings are discussed in terms of the caution necessary regarding the empirical basis for diagnostic inferences and the need for replication and/or evaluation of other potential measures with well-defined clinical groups.     

Recategorized WISC-R score patterns of older and younger referred Tlingit Indian children

This study investigated patterns of Bannatyne's recategorized WISC-R scores of 146 predominantly Tlingit Indian children who were referred for psychoeducational testing. The students were divided into two groups, ages 6 through 10 and 11 through 16, in order to investigate patterns that occurred at each level and to investigate the proportions that exhibited a typically “Indian” pattern: Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual and Acquired Knowledge. As a group, the older children displayed an Indian pattern, but the younger children displayed a different one: Spatial > Conceptual and Sequential > Acquired Knowledge. Both groups, however, displayed a significantly greater proportion of children with an Indian pattern than would be expected by chance. A considerable number of individuals from both groups attained significant differences among scores in the Indian direction.     

Predictive validity of the Slosson Intelligence Test with the WISC-R and the WRAT-R level 1

Slosson Intelligence Tests (SITS) administered by school guidance counselors correlated significantly with school psychologist administered WISC-Rs (r=.75). The Slosson IQ correlated significantly higher with the WISC-R Verbal IQ than with the Performance IQ score. The mean Slosson IQ was a statistically significant 4.4 points higher than the mean WISC-R Full Scale IQ (p<.01).     

Relationship between the WRAT and WRAT-R

Level II of the Wide Range Achievement Test and the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised were administered to 45 subjects. The results indicated that the WRAT-R standard scores were significantly lower (8–11 points) than the WRAT Standard scores for Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic. Correlations between the standard scores of the two tests were .98, .97, and .79 for Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic, respectively. Reasons for the lower arithmetic correlation are discussed. Vocational and guidance counselors, school psychologists, and other users should consider these findings when using WRAT and WRAT-R scores in making academic/vocational or other placement decisions. The WRAT-R should be used as a screening, not diagnostic, instrument for academic problems.     

The relationship between peer victimization and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in a rural sample

Peer victimization (PV) has been associated with a number of negative psychological sequelae. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between PV and the symptomatology of post‐traumatic stress disorder, and no studies to date have examined this relationship in a rural sample. Adapted versions of the SEQ‐SR and the TSCC were used to assess the relationship between PV and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in a sample of 244 rural youths (ages 10–14) in two school districts in a south‐central area of the United States. In addition to a positive relationship between PV and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology, the results indicated relatively high rates of adult presence and peer bystanding during PV experiences. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The concurrent validity of the Cognitive Levels Test with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised for a sample of referred children and youth

The present investigation compared the Cognitive Levels Test (CLT) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) scores for 55 children who were referred for remedial educational services. A comparison of the correlations for each of the criterion measures from the WISC-R showed a consistent significant positive relationship with the CLT. A repeated measures analysis of variance that compared standard scores for the CLT with those of the WISC-R indicated that significant differences existed between WISC-R IQs and the CLT Cognitive Index. Implications concerning the validity of the Cognitive Levels Test are discussed.     

Relationship between PPVT and WISC-R in children with reading disabilities

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), Form A was compared to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) in two samples of children with reading disabilities. One group of 14 children, referred to a university clinic, were administered the WISC-R, followed by the PPVT. The second group of 38 children from a private learning disability center were administered the PPVT first, followed by the WISC-R. In the combined sample, the PPVT IQ (X̄ = 109.2) was significantly higher than the WISC-R Verbal IQ (X̄ = 98.9), Performance IQ (X̄ = 97.0), and Full Scale IQ (X̄ = 97.5). Similarly, the PPVT IQ was significantly higher than the WISC-R Full Scale in both samples separately, regardless of which test was administered first. In one case, the PPVT IQ was 50 points higher than the WISC-R IQ. Correlations between the PPVT and WISC-R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs were significant (rs = .56, .29, and .50, respectively). The results suggest that the two tests do not provide interchangeable IQs for a population of reading disabled children.     

WISC-R verbal and performance abilities of native american students referred for school learning problems

This study was designed to determine if three diagnostic groups of Navajo children differed on intellectual dimensions as measured by the WISC-R. Subjects had been previously diagnosed by state certified professionals and were identified as nonhan dicapped (NH) (N = 113), educationally disadvantaged.(ED) (N = 189), and learning disabled (LD) (N = 150). NH group means on all WISC-R variables were significantly higher than the LD group means. The ED and the LD group means were similar on the verbal measures, but the LD group scores were lower than the ED group scores on performance measures. The NH group demonstrated intellectual abilities and deficits similar to those reported for other primary-grade Navajo children who had not been referred for suspected handicapping conditions.     

Correlations between the Woodcock-Johnson and the WISC-R for a behavior disordered population

Correlations between the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities (WJTCA) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) were evaluated on a sample of 55 behavior disordered males, 28 of whom were also diagnosed as learning disabled. Concurrent validity for this sample was demonstrated by only a 2.33 point difference between the mean WJTCA Broad Cognitive score and the mean WISC-R Full Scale IQ score. Analysis of Pearson product-moment correlations between each WISC-R subtest and each Woodcock-Johnson cluster score substantiated previous assertions that the WJTCA is unduly weighted with Product-Dominant factors. Construct validity of some of the WJTCA clusters also was questioned. Implications of these results for behavior disordered populations were discussed.     

The relationship of the WISC-R and WRAT: A study based upon a selected population

So as to compare predicted achievement based upon WISC-R IQs and observed achievement by the WRAT standard scores, both instruments were administered by the same school psychologist to 282 urban students referred for psychological evaluation. The correlations obtained, even on this nonrandom population, were substantial, significant (p < .001), and should be useful to school psychologists in statistically relating intelligence test scores to school achievement.