From scientific practice to high school science classrooms: Transfer of scientific technologies and realizations of authentic inquiry

The Biology Workbench (BW) is a web‐based tool enabling scientists to search a wide array of protein and nucleic acid sequence databases with integrated access to a variety of analysis and modeling tools. The present study examined the development of this scientific tool and its consequent adoption into the context of high school science teaching in the form of the Biology Student Workbench (BSW). Participants included scientists, programmers, science educators, and science teachers who played key roles along the pathway of the design and development of BW, and/or the adaptation and implementation of BSW in high school science classrooms. Participants also included four teachers who, with their students, continue to use BSW. Data sources included interviews, classroom observations, and relevant artifacts. Contrary to what often is advocated as a major benefit accruing from the integration of authentic scientific tools into precollege science teaching, classroom enactments of BSW lacked elements of inquiry and were teacher‐centered with prescribed convergent activities. Students mostly were preoccupied with following instructions and a focus on science content. The desired and actual realizations of BSW fell on two extremes that reflected the disparity between scientists' and educators' views on science, inquiry science teaching, and the related roles of technological tools. Research on large‐scale adoptions of technological tools into precollege science classrooms needs to expand beyond its current focus on teacher knowledge, skills, beliefs, and practices to examine the role of the scientists, researchers, and teacher educators who often are involved in such adoptions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 37–70, 2011     

生命科学史与生物科学探究

将科学史融入科学教育以达到提高科学素养的科学教育,已成为西方发达国家教育改革的总趋势.但是一直以来,科学史在教学中始终只是一味激发兴趣的调料,难以得到真正的重视.探讨生命科学史与生物科学探究的结合,一方面可以使探究活动变的有效、深刻,另一方面使生命科学史的价值得以真正体现.     

High school laboratory work in Western Australia: Openness to inquiry

Laboratory work has always been the most distinctive feature of secondary science teaching and learning. With the increasing emphasis on student centred learning and the importance of developing investigation and problem-solving skills there is value in reflecting on the type of laboratory work that is carried out in the science curriculum. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of the laboratory work undertaken by lower secondary science students, and in particular, to determine the openness to inquiry of these activities. The study also examined the factors that influence teachers in determining the type of student investigations that occur in the science laboratory. Data from a survey of Perth lower secondary science teachers reveal low levels of inquiry and interesting insights into teacher's perceptions about the benefits of open inquiry for students and the difficulities for teachers. The difficulties identified by teachers represent barriers to change that must be addressed if more open inquiry laboratory work is to be implemented in schools.     

Evaluation of an attempt to teach scientific inquiry and criticism in a working class high school

A group of 15 low SES 14-year-olds, who had not yet reached Piaget's stage of “formal operations”, were taught to design controlled experiments and to criticize poorly controlled experiments. As judged by performance on a nonstandardized text, they learned to do this well, and significantly outperformed matched controls. (p <.001). The results were interpreted with reference to Inhelder and Piaget's work on the origins of scientific thinking.     

在初中生物学教学中开展探究式教学的几点看法

探究式教学是一种以学生为主体在教师指导下学生自主探索学习的教学方式 ,它强调动手动脑 ,让学生在实践中探索研究和“发现”知识 ,有利于培养学生的创新意识、创新思维及实践能力 ,能全面提高学生的科学素质。在教学中应积极运用并不断探索。1　注重对学生探究“模式”与“方法”的启蒙1.1　重视生物科学发现史的教学　生物学的发展是一个不断探索和发现的过程 ,在这些发现中给人们以科学方法、科学态度及科学精神的启迪 ,初中生物学教材穿插介绍了部分经典的生物科学发现 ,如疟疾的发现与治疗 ,光合作用的发现 ,青霉素的发现等 ,教师应重…     

中学生物探究性教学的案例研究

探究性学习是将实验或者动手融入教学过程之中,并且要求学生配合教学方案,自己主动思考和探索。教师的指导和学生的自主参与相互配合,共同促进教学活动和创新性活动的展开,培养学生在学习过程中所需的研究能力和实验能力,形成科学理论基础,从而培养出对于未知世界和新鲜知识充满好奇、勇于探索的新一代接班人。本文从探究性教学的理论出发,举出了几个例子说明探究性教学的作用,也对于新型教学方式做出了展望。     

用生物科学发现史进行探究性学习

本文分析了高中生物学教材蕴含的科学发现史的探究性资源，讨论了生物科学发现史在探究性学习中的地位和作用，以具体的发现史学习为例阐释了进行探究性学习的设计思路，研究了如何挖掘和运用科学史中蕴含的探究性资源。     

Queering high school biology textbooks

As teachers committed to educating all students, we need to learn more about how instructional materials shape representations of sexuality and gender. Through its insistent deconstruction of the norms that structure practice and belief, queer theory offers perspectives from which science educators can question assumptions embedded in textbooks. This article applies queer theory to analyze eight biology textbooks used in the United States. Specifically, we ask how biology textbooks address sexuality outside the heterosexual norm and if they propagate heteronormative attitudes. The textbooks examined offer deafening silences, antiseptic factoids, socially sanitized concepts, and politically correct binary‐gendered illustrations. In these textbooks, the term homosexuality was used only in the context of AIDS where, along with iv drug users, they were identified as an affected group. The pervasive acceptance of heteronormative behavior privileges students that fit the heterosexual norm, and oppresses through omission and silence those who do not. We offer implications for practice to help science educators broaden their perspectives on the constructs of sexuality and gender to construct new ways of knowing and understanding differences in science classrooms and the natural world. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 617–636, 2004     

中职生物教学中探究式教学的运用

本文将主要从探究式教学的理论依据、探究式教学在生物教学中的应用、以及探究式教学中存在的问题这三个方面对中职生物教学中探究式教学的音乐进行了浅析,希望能够帮助国家培养出更多的生物方面的专业人才。     

A framework for teaching scientific inquiry in upper secondary school chemistry

A framework for teaching scientific inquiry in upper secondary chemistry education was constructed in a design research consisting of two research cycles. First, in a pilot study a hypothetical framework was enriched in collaboration with five chemistry teachers. Second, a main study in this community of teachers and researchers was conducted on the process of designing teaching scientific inquiry based on the enriched framework. Also, the enactment by five teachers and 80 students (age 17) of a designed inquiry module on “Diffusion: moving particles” was studied. This resulted in a theoretically and practically founded framework for teaching scientific inquiry, in which an iterative cycle of inquiry for students and a student inquiry community are essential. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:788–806, 2010     

对高中政治探究性教学的思考

政治综合探究课教学的主要价值在于促进学生真正成为学习的主人;促进教师角色转变,由知识传授者转变为学生发展的引导者。促使政治新课程改革加速发展。     

中学生物实验的遗憾

生物学实验是学生获取生物知识的最有效手段之一，同时在对学生整体素质的提高方面，起到了非实验教学无法替代的作用。现行的生物课本中安排的生物实验仍有不少的遗憾。     

高中生物新旧教材分析

高中生物新教材以崭新的面貌展现在广大师生面前,给生物教学带来生机和活力.这里不去讲新教材的优点,而将新教材和原教材比较一下,找出新教材和原教材说法有出入之处以及原教材有而新教材删去的部分,(这里不总结新教材所新增加的部分别内容)以供2001～2002届高三年级生物教师和高三年级学生在教学和学习中参考,以减少不必要的劳动.     

例析高中生物探究性学习的类型

简单介绍了探究性学习的类型,并举例分析了资料型探究、科学史探究、实验探究和调查型探究4种探究学习类型在教学过程中的实施,指出了应该注意的问题。     

Alternative assessment of high school laboratory skills

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate instruments that will assess the laboratory skills of students completing high school science courses. In each of the science areas (biology, chemistry, and physics), tests were developed around six laboratory tasks. Each test used a two-part format with a total time of 80 minutes. Students had to plan an investigation, collect and organize appropriate data, and formulate conclusions based on calculations and graphs. A different test was developed for 12th-grade students not enrolled in a science course. This test consisted of a series of stations where students conducted a short activity that was presented to them. Over 1000 students from 32 Ohio schools formed the sample for this study. Data are presented by skill and by task. In addition, analysis for gender and school effects is included.