Analysis of Students’ learning of computer programming in a computer laboratory context

ABSTRACT

Previous research shows that many students find it difficult to learn computer programming. To learn computer programming includes both gaining theoretical understanding and learning to develop programmes in practice. To this end, teachers commonly design programming exercises for the students in the computer laboratory. To be able to improve the process of designing such exercises, there is a need of a more detailed understanding of the interaction between learning of theory and learning of practice in laboratory sessions. In this paper, an approach for investigating this interaction is proposed. Theoretically, the approach is based on phenomenography and variation theory. To illustrate the approach, it is demonstrated in detail how it was applied to a small but rich case of empirical data from a computer laboratory session. The main result presented here is the new approach for analysing data. In addition, the results of the case study shed preliminary light on the interaction between learning of practice and learning of theory when students work with programming assignments in the laboratory.     

Catching sight of talk: Glimpses into discourse groups

This article reports on a study conducted in a graduate teacher research class with elementary and secondary classroom teachers. Wanting to create a collaborative environment in which their students could use language to support each other's learning, the instructors formed discourse groups. The article introduces a theoretical framework for discourse groups and using examples from the groups, presents a methodology for analyzing the social practices reflected in the teachers’ talk. It concludes with a discussion of the nature of the discourse that supported (and in some cases did not support) the re-storying of teachers’ knowledge.     

探析计算机网络实验室的实训功能

为了适应社会对计算机网络人才的要求,不同层次的大中专院校应该建立现代计算机网络实验室,并进行实训。本文从进行实训的重要意义,计算机网络实验室的标准,网络实验室的功能以及充分发挥实验室的实训功能和具体实训项目五个方面进行探析。     

A systematic review of visual representations for analyzing collaborative discourse

Visual analytics combines automated data analysis and human intelligence through visualisation techniques to address the complexity of current real-world problems. This review uses the lens of visual analytics to examine four dimensions of visual representations for analysing collaborative discourse: goals, data sources, visualisation designs, and analytical techniques based on 89 studies. We found visual analysis approaches to be suitable and advantageous for decomposing the temporality of collaborative discourse. However, it has been challenging for current research to simultaneously consider learning theories and follow visualisation design principles when adopting visualisations to analyse collaborative discourse. At the same time, existing visual analysis approaches have mainly targeted learners or researchers in online contexts and mainly focused on mirroring collaborative discourse rather than providing advanced affordances such as alerting or advising. Informed by these findings, we propose a possible future research agenda and offer suggestions for the features of successful collaboration to guide the design of advanced affordances.     

Zones of interaction: Differential access to elementary science discourse

This study investigated teacher–child interaction within small‐group science activities in a fourth‐grade classroom. This qualitative study revealed three “zones of interaction,” or teacher–child interaction categories: Individual Zones of Interaction, Multiple Zones of Interaction, and a Collective Zone of Interaction. Each zone was further shaped by either a procedural, conceptual, or managerial focus for the interaction. These zones granted children differential levels of access to the teacher's knowledge. Based on these data and findings, we propose a discourse model for elementary science classrooms that encompasses talk, materials, knowledge, engagement, and power. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 443–466, 2006     

The interplay of representations and patterns of classroom discourse in science teaching sequences

The purpose of this study is to examines the relationship between the communicative approach of classroom talk and the modes of representations used by science teachers. Based on video data from two physics classrooms in Singapore, a recurring pattern in the relationship was observed as the teaching sequence of a lesson unfolded. It was found that as the mode of representation shifted from enactive (action based) to iconic (image based) to symbolic (language based), there was a concurrent and coordinated shift in the classroom communicative approach from interactive–dialogic to interactive–authoritative to non-interactive–authoritative. Specifically, the shift from enactive to iconic to symbolic representations occurred mainly within the interactive–dialogic approach while the shift towards the interactive–authoritative and non-interactive–authoritative approaches occurred when symbolic modes of representation were used. This concurrent and coordinated shift has implications on how we conceive the use of representations in conjunction with the co-occurring classroom discourse, both theoretically and pedagogically.     

计算机实验室上网行为管理

在校学生的自控能力是较弱的,导致上计算机课时,有些学生不能认真听讲而分心去上网聊天、玩游戏、看视频,这严重影响课堂的教学效果。如何采取有效的措施,限制一些不当的上网行为,成为教师和机房管理者研究探讨的问题,该文介绍了北京中医药大学在上网行为管理方面采用的一些方法,供同行借鉴。     

Understanding OECD representations of teachers and teaching: a visual discourse analysis of covers in OECD documents

OECD dominance in the international educational policy discourse in the developed regions of the world, particularly in promoting teaching policy, has been long acknowledged. While many works have explored the organisation’s verbal discourse, no study has considered exploring its visual discourse. To close that gap, we employed a visual discourse analysis on the covers of OECD documents pertaining to teachers and teaching (i.e., TALIS and ISTP). The analysis found that OECD’s covers drew on two discourses, a conservative discourse and a liberal diversity discourse. However, the latter was entangled with constructions which serve to maintain a conservative order.     

The discourse of classroom interaction in Kenyan primary schools

This paper addresses the role of classroom discourse in supporting children’s learning in Kenyan primary schools. The discourse strategies of 27 teachers teaching English, mathematics and science across the primary phase were intensively studied using discourse analysis and semi‐structured interviews. A survey questionnaire (n?=?359) was also used to explore teacher perceptions of classroom discourse practices. The findings revealed the dominance of teacher‐led recitation in which rote and repetition dominated the classroom discourse with little attention being paid to securing pupil understanding. The wider implications of the findings for improving the quality of classroom discourse in Kenyan primary schools are considered together with the need for further research into how the wider social order is influencing discourse practices in Kenyan primary schools.     

学生学习测验数据的分析评价

"分数 评语 成长纪录"是小学数学一种比较合理的评价方法,学生的学习数学的效果应该用数学的意识和手段进行科学合理的评价。把数学原始分转化为标准分,解决了数学试题因难易而产生的信度问题。利用标准分,可以对学生学习数学的效果进行综合性等级评价,也可以在同学中进行发展性比较评价,还可以在不同的教师间追踪性分析评价,定量、定性,进行学习效果的动态比较和预测。     

网络聊天室中的"中-英"语码转换现象研究

网络会话中所使用的语言是一种特殊的语言变体,和我们在日常面对面交际中使用的语言存在着一定的差距。"中英"语码转换现象是网络会话语言中一种独特的语言现象。本文从Jef Verschueren的语用顺应理论的角度对网络聊天室中存在的"中英"语码转换现象进行探讨,阐述其发生的原因、社会语用功能及其与发生在面对面交际中的语码转换现象的语言特性的不同。     

计算机开放实验室的管理与实践

高校计算机开放机房的管理一直以来都有着管理难度较大的问题，需要较强的技术支持，特别是随着计算机大型软件的发展和学生计算机水平的提高，对计算机公共机房的管理就更难。在对计算机开放实验室的管理实践中，摸索出了一些经验，较好地解决了管理中难以解决的问题，提高了机房管理的效率。     

计算机实验室虚拟云桌面的设计与建构

针对传统计算机实验室设备维护难、利用率低、运行成本高、个性化不足等问题,结合云桌面技术,提出虚拟云桌面的设计和建设方案。采用高可用集群式云桌面架构,终端接入采用在原有PC终端上安装桌面云软件客户端的方式实现,环境迁移采用P2V工具将现有的应用环境迁移到虚拟化平台,实现数据中心的云化处理,以实现提高实验室管理效率,并降低运维成本的建设目标。     

计算机实验室管理和维护的探讨

计算机实验室机器台数多、使用的软件涵盖了几乎各个学科,使用者程度不同,如何有效地管理和维护好这些计算机是一件非常重要的事情.结合在工作中的实践和体会,介绍了在计算机实验室管理和维护过程中运用"二八"定律的一些经验和方法.     

计算机在电工技术实验中的应用实践

分析了计算机在高校电工技术实验教学中的运用,总结了改进实验教学中创新的特点,详述了如何强化运用功能,以此促进电工课程的教学改革与实践。     

桌面虚拟化与计算机实验室管理

分析了计算机故障的可能原因,并据此探讨运用桌面虚拟化技术提高管理者对计算机实验室管理效率的可行性和有效性。最后,针对福建师范大学软件学院的实际情况,提出利用Citrix公司产品Citrix XenDesktop搭建实验教学环境的方案。     

对建设与研究型大学相适应的实验室队伍的思考

分析目前高校实验室队伍建设存在的主要问题,指出实验室队伍建设对研究型大学的重要作用,并对如何建设与研究型大学相适应的实验室队伍提出建议.     

循环群与循环群直积的同构表示

本文运用基础代数中有关循环群、直积、同构等理论，证明了一个循环群可以用另一组循环群的直积形式来同构表示。     

WINDOWS 2000与UNIX在计算机房中的配合使用

微软公司推出Win2000以来，越来越多的单位和个人采用其作为系统软件，而UNIX系统在系统管理方面有其独到之处。本文就两种系统的配合使用在学校机房的权限管理问题作出一些有益的探讨，有助于提高学校机房管理的质量。