Teaching as a woman’s job: the impact of the admission of women to elementary teaching in England and France in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

This paper proposes to examine the causes and impact of the admission of women to the teaching profession, by comparing the professional situation of women elementary teachers in England and France. An examination of the avowed or implicit reasons for allowing women into the profession in the two countries, looking in particular at recruitment, training and employment conditions, will contribute to the debate on what Albisetti calls ‘the remarkable consensus’ about the factors behind the feminisation of the teaching profession in various countries. In both countries, feminisation was accompanied by shifts in age pyramids, social origins and qualifications. These developments in turn brought about a change in perceptions of the elementary teacher in general. However, rooted in specific political differences, the modifications wrought by feminisation in elementary teaching in France and England show variations in degree and timing that underscore the parallel developments and put the place of women within the elementary teaching corps into perspective.     

论西部地区图书馆信息业的建设

图书馆事业在西部大开发中具有特别重要的作用。加强西部地区图书馆事业的发展要有所为有所不为，要突出信息化建设，重视专业人才的建设。     

地方院校专业发展中的质量问题与对策

地方院校在快速发展过程中，呈现出全面化、多元化、多层次化等趋势，同时也在师资、生源、管理、课程和教学等方面突现出严重的质量问题，问题的根源是多样的，解决问题的关键在于严格审批关、加大师资建设、加强教学管理、注重教风与学风建设，以确保专业发展中的质量。     

秘书专业课程改革的几点思考

通过对我国素质教育的发展、国际职业技术发展趋势和秘书职业发展的论述,提出中文秘书专业课程设置应注意的几个问题.     

论强化信息管理与管理信息系统专业教育

企业信息管理师国家职业标准的颁布与执行，为信息管理与管理信息系统专业教学改革提供了强力激励。借鉴信息管理师培训、认证理念与实践经验本文围绕专业教育如何适应技术发展和需求变化的主题，在培养方向、课程结构及教学组织等方面提出了若干改进意见。     

地方新建本科院校特殊师范教育应用型人才培养探析

特殊教育强调专业性、理论性、实践性与操作性的统一,培养以实践能力和创新能力为核心的应用型本科师资是当前我国特殊教育事业发展的基本要求。传统高等特师培养出的教师,已经难以适应当今特殊教育事业发展对多样化特殊教育人才的需求。地方新建本科院校的特殊教育专业应该立足服务地方特殊教育事业并基于自身发展要求,在人才培养定位、课程设置、教学工作等方面积极尝试改革,培养兼具理论知识与实践技能的应用型专业化人才。     

International developments in counseling 1977–1986: some observations

This article gives a historical overview of international developments in counseling during the first ten years of publication of the International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 1977–1986. Observations from counselors on five continents on significant societal events during this era and the response of the counseling profession to these events are summarized along with a brief literature review.     

An analysis of continuous teacher development in Hong Kong

Education in Hong Kong has developed rapidly since the 70s in parallel with the economic boom. To support such development, the government has invested heavily in initial teacher education and will soon impose professional training and graduate qualifications as prerequisites for entering the profession. Continuous teacher education (CTE), generally regarded as equally important as initial teacher education if not more so, is not given comparable emphasis. This paper aims to study CTE in Hong Kong, including its policy, practice and provision at the system level. Some special features of the system are identified and scrutinized, including ad hoc, policy led, and competence based. The centrally provided CTE is also closely examined in terms of its relevance to the profession, impact on schools, and cost‐effectiveness. The paper ends with a close look at its latest developments, obstacles encountered and prospects.     

Crisis? What crisis? The academic professions in the 'knowledge' society

At present, the higher education systems in most highly developed countries find themselves amidst a difficult process of change that will obviously have an impact on the positioning of their principal workers. We live in times of great uncertainties about the future of the academic profession. This article reflects on the analytical problems research on the academic profession has to face and summarizes recent trends and debates on the entrenched profession. Possible future developments of the academic profession are highlighted in the context of four scenarios -- 'key profession', 'academic worker', 'mediator' and 'antiquity'. Selected findings and results of the International Study on the Academic Profession are resumed to discuss the contribution of survey studies to the ongoing debate on the academic profession and to draw some preliminary conclusions on the challenges for further research in this area.     

教师专业发展的实证研究

教师专业发展程度直接关系到教育的发展,进而影响社会的发展,通过对教师专业发展的实证研究,了解到教师在专业知识、专业能力、专业自主性、专业发展意识等方面的现实情况及存在的不足,并在此基础上提出改进的措施和建议。     

科学的本义市场的提示编辑的实践——市场经济对学术类期刊编辑观念正效应之思辨

社会主义市场经济体制促进了人们观念的变革。学术类期刊编辑工作人员应当在市场经济发展现实的鲜明提示下,注重从实现社会效益的角度来培养效率意识;注重从人类认识内在发展动力的角度来培养竞争意识;注重从世界动态性和认识动态性的角度来培养创新意识;注重从理性发展和政治文明建设的角度来培养公平公正意识。     

澳大利亚全国职前教师教育鉴定制度述评

鉴定制度是教师教育质量保证和提高的有效机制.为了进一步提升教师教育的质量,建立教师队伍高标准资格框架,奠定教师持续性专业发展的坚实基础,前不久,澳大利亚教学与领导协会建立了一套全新的由毕业生标准和培养标准为基础的职前教师教育鉴定制度,以保证教师教育机构培养出合格胜任的新教师.文本勾勒了澳大利亚全国鉴定制度主要背景,对其基本框架和鉴定标准作了简要说明,并就该鉴定制度作了简要的分析.     

Starting to make a difference: responding to the challenges of recent developments in the early years

Recent national changes in ‘Early Years’ policy are likely to have major impact on the practice and profession of educational psychology. In this paper, implications at the individual, service and systemic levels are examined and practice examples given of how an Educational Psychology Service (EPS) might rise to the new challenges these major changes engender. The paper concludes that in order to maintain a clear overview of the continuing developments and demands in this area and to ensure that there is a co-ordinated response, the ‘Early Years’ should increasingly become recognised as an area for a Senior Specialist educational psychologist (EP). This EP would be charged with the responsibility for drawing up the service development plan for the Early Years and at the same time ensuring that the opportunities offered by the ongoing developments in this area are capitalised upon.     

Fostering Teacher Educators’ Professional Development on Practice-Based Research Through Communities of Inquiry

Practice-based research and supervising students’ research has become an important task for higher vocational institutes, including the teacher education departments. However, conducting practice-based research is not always common practice for a great number of teacher educators. Therefore, professional development activities are undertaken to support teacher educators in their new role as a researcher. This paper reports on one of those activities: a community of inquiry in which teacher educators conducted a collaborative research on a shared topic derived from their practices, in order to examine teacher educators’ professional development and to identify key characteristics for setting up such a community. All participants reported developments in practice-based research skills and knowledge, and developments regarding supervising students’ research. In addition, they reported on developments in their beliefs regarding research and on the topic under research. They also reported the impact of the community on other parts of their profession. Commitment, time, teacher educators as experienced researchers and completing the research stages are identified as key characteristics.     

Acknowledging teacher professionalism in Ireland: the case for a Chartered Teacher initiative

This paper presents an argument for the development of an Irish Chartered Teacher initiative which would acknowledge and accredit the professionalism of experienced and accomplished teachers. It begins by examining the current position of teaching as a profession based on findings from Irish and international research studies. Issues surrounding the accreditation of accomplished teachers are considered through the examination of a range of Chartered Teacher initiatives. Finally, the potential opportunities and challenges of accrediting teacher professionalism in Ireland are discussed with reference to the continuum of teacher education and recent developments introduced by the Teaching Council of Ireland.     

教师教育课程的实践取向：何为与为何

实践取向是教师教育课程应有的核心理念。实践取向要求教师教育课程必须关注教师的专业实践和教育现实问题,必须支持实践问题的解决和实践能力的发展,必须支持对实践的反思和教育知识的建构。教师教育课程的实践取向是教师专业的实践性本质的要求,是教师知识研究的新进展的要求,更是传统的教师教育课程遭遇困境之后的必然选择。     

Towards Partnership in Teacher Education in Northern Ireland—an unfinished story

This paper was presented at the Gargnano seminar. It presents an analysis of the reform of teacher education in Northern Ireland from 1992 to 1995. It points to similarities and differences with developments in England and Wales and describes in detail the debate on partnership teacher education up to June 1995. The focus of the paper is on policy development in N.I. and on the interactions between the main players involved in advising government and implementing policy. The positions taken up by the Government, the HE institutions, the schools and the Northern Ireland Teacher Education Committee are described. The approach taken by the University of Ulster in the planning and delivery of social work training in N.I. is used as an exemplar of partnership building worthy of examination by the teaching profession. The paper concludes with a short section (written in September 1996) which brings the reader up to date on some major developments, including a “step back from the brink”.     

西部人才队伍建设的现状及对策

西部人才队伍规模偏小 ,总量不足 ;整体素质不高 ,创新能力不强 ;地区、行业之间分布不够合理 ;结构不合理 ,高层次人才紧缺 ;人才管理体制和管理模式不能完全适应社会主义市场经济体制要求 ;科技教育比较薄弱 ,人才建设基础不够雄厚。西部人才队伍建设必须坚持培养、吸引和使用三者一起抓 ,以培养和使用好本地人才为主 ,兼顾吸引国内外高层次、高素质和急需人才为辅     

Reactions to Bennett: Towards a more rational debate

This paper expresses a concern about the extent to which the manipulation of the language in which we are now expected to talk about education is being used to manipulate the ways in which we think about education, and the degree to which, as a result, a number of important developments in our approach to educational practice are being lost. It focuses on the features of the new discourse which has been established as part of the process of implementing new policies for education in England and Wales and argues the need for the teaching profession to reestablish its own discourse in order to resurrect a genuine debate about educational policies and practices.     

安康师专政史系学生基本状况调查

从思想、学习、生活三个方面分析了对政史系学生的问卷调查所反映的基本状况,并对学校发展提出建议:树立为学生服务的思想;从学生立场出发开展思想政治工作;实行主辅修专业制,大量开设选修课,开展多种形式的社会实践活动;加强就业指导工作;抓住机遇,加快建设.