Index to Chinese Education,VOL. III (Spring 1970-Winter 1970/71)

The objective of this school is to train and raise the capacity of New Democratic and Revolutionary Three People's Principles* cadres to do the actual work of political, economic, and cultural construction in accord with the needs of the War of Resistance and Border Region construction.     

Assessing community college transfer performance

Transfer education is one of the most important, most criticized, and most difficult to measure of the functions performed by community colleges. If the performance of community colleges is to be properly assessed, problems of measuring and analyzing the transfer function must be solved. This paper seeks to answer several basic questions about community colleges' transfer performance, using California as a case example, and to show that useful conclusions may be reached even in the absence of perfect information. Many criticisms of the transfer function focus on the decline in numbers of students transferring from community colleges to four-year institutions that began in the late 1970s. This paper suggests that criticism about the transfer function, insofar as it stems from the number or rate of students transferring (as most of the criticism does), is unfounded. Until there is more precise information on students, research on particular problems like minority underrepresentation, students' course selection and outside employment, and the reverse transfer should prove more fruitful than looking simply at transfer numbers.     

社区教育与社区学院建设的若干思考

我国社区教育正由大城市向县级城市及其农村延伸。在社区教育发展过程中,对社区教育的内涵和功能特点,社区学院的办学职能等尚有不同的认识。文章总结归纳了社区教育的四个功能特点,对基层干部群众提出的发展社区教育的一些模糊、片面认识,以及对社区学院的办学职能提出了一些看法,同时,对以基层电大为基础创办社区学院提出了若干对策建议。     

The demand for community college education

This article describes a model of Community College (CC) enrollment which is tested using cross-sectional data for the 1969–1970 academic year. The sample consists of 126 relatively homogeneous CCs divided into sixty-two separate markets. Tuition, income, proximity of four-year schools, and the age of a CC are found to have significant influences on enrollment.An estimate is made of the marginal cost to a CC of attracting more students by lowering tuition.     

The community college and the disadvantaged

The objective of this study is to empirically explore the extent to which public two-year colleges in this country are characterized by open admissions policies and by comprehensive curricula, as well as the extent and nature of programs for the disadvantaged within these institutions. Utilizing a stratified sampling design developed by the research staff of the American Council on Education, a precoded original questionnaire was mailed in the spring of 1971 to the chief administrative officer for each institution in the sample. It was found that only a little over half of the colleges have the curricula offerings and admissions policies of exemplary community colleges, but that all reported special courses, programs, or services for the academically disadvantaged minority group. However, only 40% of our sample indicated that they have developed special programs (as opposed to courses or services). Too, community colleges with programs require (1) more resources in preparing faculty for dealing effectively with the disadvantaged, (2) additional emphasis on recruitment of the disadvantaged, and (3) more attention to developing courses in ethnic studies.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, February 1973. Partial support for the project from which this paper was developed was provided by the U.S. Office of Education (Contract #OEC-0-70-4283 (399) to the Pennsylvania State Department of Education). The author also wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Reynolds Ferrante, graduate student, Pennsylvania State University, who assisted in the literature review and questionnaire development of the project.     

Curriculum leadership in action: A tale of four community college heads of department leading a curriculum development project

College Heads of Department (HoDs) are increasingly expected to perform more curriculum-leadership tasks, maintaining and advancing the department curriculum, especially in developing countries. However, in practice, HoDs are reported to pay little attention to this aspect of their job due to several factors—one of which is a lack of professional support to play this role. This case study investigated how four HoDs of a community college perceived and enacted curriculum leadership during a curriculum-development project after receiving relevant training and assistance. The findings showed that the HoDs valued the relevance and usefulness of the professional support received, which made them realize the significance of their role as curriculum leaders. The findings also indicate that the ways the HoDs enacted the curriculum-leadership tasks and the challenges they encountered varied based on several factors. The conclusion drawn is that the support HoDs need and the challenges they encounter in assuming active curriculum leadership suggest their need for three professional competencies and the need for supportive organizational structures.     

美国社区学院的开放性探究

美国社区学院是美国高等教育的重要组成部分,为美国经济社会的发展做出了巨大的贡献,而社区学院的开放性是其办学特色、办学理念的最重要的体现.我国高职院校与美国社区学院有许多相似之处,发现并把握美国社区学院的开放性,对于办好我国的高职教育具有重要的借鉴和启迪作用.