Severe short-bowel syndrome after total small bowel resection

Extensive intestine resection may result in short bowel syndrome (SBS) which is difficult of manage. This study reports a rare SBS case in a 6-year-old boy following resection of total jujunoileum and right colon. Our experience in 4-years follow-up and literature reports on SBS is discussed. The purpose of this study was also to evaluate the nutritional absorptive capacity and intestinal adaptation. In the 15th postoperative month, barium x-ray study showed a significantly extended and enlarged duodenum and colon. The intestinal transit time was prolonged to 22 hours. The absorption rate of palmic acid, glycine and D-xylose had increased from 57%, 50% and 4% respectively in the 15th postoperative month, to 75%, 65% and 6% in the 2nd postoperative year. His absorptive capacity allowed him normal oral feeding and normal school life. Our data confirmed the reports of the colon as an energy-salvage organ, and suggested that it may have some capacity to absorb long-chain fatty acids and amino acids.     

Socioeconomic determinants of academic achievement

This study aims to investigate the relationship between academic achievement and the socioeconomic characteristics of elementary school 7th grade students in Burdur. The population of the study are 7th grade students who had education at elementary schools in Burdur in the 2007?C2008 academic year. Two staged sampling was chosen as suitable for the aim of research. In the first stage, settlements were chosen with the random settlement group sampling method. In the second stage, schools in chosen settlements were picked up with the random method considering the number of students who have taken SBS examination. Socioeconomic variables of students generally explain 39.2?% of SBS points of student. When standard beta values are observed, variables which have the most effect on the SBS points of students are: attending a course or having private lessons, father??s education, the average monthly income per capita, attending a course or having private lessons and mother??s education.     

Age-related incidence curve of hospitalized Shaken Baby Syndrome cases: convergent evidence for crying as a trigger to shaking

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an age-specific incidence of hospitalized cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) that has similar properties to the previously reported "normal crying curve," as a form of indirect evidence that crying is an important stimulus for SBS. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study analyzed cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome by age at hospitalization from hospital discharge data for California hospitals from October 1996 through December 2000. PATIENTS: All cases of children less than 18 months (78 weeks) of age for whom the diagnostic code for Shaken Baby Syndrome (995.55) in the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification was assigned. RESULTS: There were 273 hospitalizations for SBS. Like the "normal crying curve," the curve of age-specific incidence starts at 2-3 weeks, has a clear peak, and declines to baseline by about 36 weeks of age. In contrast to the normal crying curve that peaks at 5-6 weeks, the peak of SBS hospitalizations occurs at 10-13 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The age-specific incidence curve of hospitalized SBS cases has a similar starting point and shape to the previously reported normal crying curve but the peak occurs about 4-6 weeks later. Of the likely predisposing causes, this pattern is only consistent with the properties of early crying. There are numerous explanations for the lag in the peaks between crying and SBS hospitalizations, including the possibility of repeat shakings prior to hospitalization. The importance of crying as a stimulus to SBS may provide an opportunity for preventive intervention.     

EFFECTS OF JINLU, AN ANTI-JUVENILE HORMONE ON THE GROWTH, ULTRA-STRUCTURE OF THE CORPORA ALLATA AND PROTHORACIC GLAND OF SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORIL

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｓｅｃｔｐｏｓｔｅｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｇｒｏｗｔｈｐｕｎｃｔｕａｔｅｄｂｙａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｍｏｌｔｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｅｍｏｌｔｓａｎｄｍｅｔａｍｏｒ ｐｈｏｓｉｓａｒｅｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄａｎｄｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｂｙｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｓ(Ｒｉｄｄｉｆｏｒｄ ,1 994 ) .Ｉｔｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｐｌａｙｏｆｅｃｄｙｓｔｅｒｉｏｄｓ,ａｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｓｔｅｒｏ…     

全面理解我国“十五”高等教育发展目标

对 2 1世纪初我国教育发展的社会和国际背景分析表明 ,我国高等教育必须采取适度超前的跨越式发展战略 ,进一步扩大高等教育的供给能力。与此同时 ,数量发展一定要与结构调整、终身学习体系建设及基础教育发展相协调 ,否则很难全面实现“十五”高等教育发展目标。同时也要注意高等教育规模的持续扩张给毕业生就业造成的压力。     

超薄贴面修复氟斑牙的临床效果评价

目的评价超薄贴面(Ultra Thin Porcelain Veneer)修复氟斑牙的临床效果。方法选取2019年1~12月在我门诊部就诊的患者10例,共76颗,按照改良的美国公共卫生署(United States Public Health Service,USPHS)标准进行术后1个月、3个月、半年、1年的临床效果评价。结果回访率100%,1到6个月所有76颗患牙崩脱,边缘密合良好,6个月有4颗贴面出现轻度的牙龈炎症,探诊出血;1年后,5颗贴面修复体边缘稍有间隙,探针可探入;有1位患者6颗贴面修复体色泽出现改变,自诉抽烟、喝浓茶史;有2位患者10颗贴面修复体有龈上、龈下结石,牙龈有轻微炎症,探诊出血,无附着丧失。结论超薄贴面修复氟斑牙具有良好的临床效果。     

Pupils’ perceptions of grades: a narrative analysis of stories about getting graded for the first time

The starting point for this article is changes in the Swedish assessment system which stated that pupils are to receive grade reports in school year 6 (12–13 years old) during the academic year 2012–2013. Since the 1970s, compulsory school pupils have received their first grade reports in grade 7 and/or 8. The issue here is to present pupils’ narratives about the possible future significance of grade reports in school year 6. Pupils were interviewed about their experiences of getting their first grade reports, and a narrative analysis was conducted. More specifically, we investigated pupils’ conceptions of themselves as pupils and of their future possibilities, as described in their stories of getting their first grade report. The findings show that pupils perceive grades in year 6 differently, showing both adaption and resistance to the new grading discourse. Our conclusion concerns pupils’ learning and well-being when national assessment policies are changed.     

Trajectories of Indonesian Adolescents' Religiosity,Problem Behavior,and Friends' Religiosity: Covariation and Sequences

Changes in religiosity, problem behavior, and their friends' religiosity over a 2‐year period were assessed in a sample of five hundred and fifty‐nine 15‐year‐old Indonesian Muslim adolescents. Adolescents self‐reported their religiosity, problem behavior, and friendships; the religiosity of mutual friends came from friends' self‐reports. A parallel process analysis of growth curves showed that adolescents' religiosity trajectories covaried with both problem behavior and friends' religiosity. Using a cross‐lagged model in which prior levels were controlled, religiosity at 10th and 11th grades predicted friends' religiosity 1 year later, suggesting that adolescents select friends of similar religiosity. This study provides evidence that religion is intertwined with other aspects of adolescent development and illustrates the importance of contextualizing adolescent religiosity within an ecological framework.     

经翼点入路显微手术切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤

目的：探讨经翼点入路显微手术切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的方法及周围神经血管保护问题,提高蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤治疗效果。方法：采用显微神经外科技术,经常规翼点或扩大翼点入路,切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤。结果：按Simpson分级法评价肿瘤的切除程度：Ⅰ级切除5例,Ⅱ级切除5例,Ⅳ级切除4例。术后患者均每6个月进行随访,影像学提示未见肿瘤复发。结论：准确全面的术前评估、正确的手术方法、积极的术后治疗是提高蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤全切率、改善神经症状、减少术后并发症的关键。     

知识吸收能力研究现状的文献计量学分析

利用CNKI和ISI检索平台检索1989～2011年知识吸收能力的文献数据,并运用Bibexcel软件,从文献的年代分布、刊载期刊分布、著作者分布、高频关键词分布四个方面,定量地分析和比较国内和国外知识吸收能力的研究现状,得出知识吸收能力的相关研究处于快速持续的增长阶段、刊载的期刊存在明显的核心区、创新绩效的研究可能成为新的研究热点等结论。     

ARCS动机设计模型在中学语文课堂教学中的效度分析

本研究旨在探讨ARCS动机设计模型在我国课堂教学中的适用性和有效性。采用定量研究与定性研究相结合、前后测现场教学实验的方法,在不中断正常教学秩序的前提下,进行了语课ARCS动机设计模型的教学干预,为期四个月。教学实验班分别为初一年级两个班和高一年级一个班。结果表明,ARCS动机设计模型能被中学语教师有效采纳;在中学语教学中,ARCS动机设计模型的有效性具有一定的年级差异：它能提高初中生的学习动机、学习的努力程度,提高学生的学习成绩,改善差生的学习状况;在高中语教学中,它的有效性不明显。     

斑节对虾和日本对虾肝胰腺脂肪成份和含量及其与斑节对虾杆状病毒的关系

体长10～12cm养殖健康斑节对虾肝胰腺含水量71．06％，干重样品脂肪含量34．28％，湿重样品脂肪含量9．60％；班节对虾杆状病毒（MBV）感染严重的班节对虾肝胰腺含水量较健康班节对虾少，干重样品脂肪含量和湿重样品脂肪含量明显高，二者比较，3项指标均具显著位差异；MBV轻度感染斑书对虾肝胰腺含水量和脂肪含量与健康斑节对虾相近，无显著性差异，养殖健康斑节对虾肝胰腺饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主，不饱和脂肪酸以十八碳和二十二碳脂肪酸为主；必需脂肪酸亚油酸达21．72％，体长16～18cm日本对虾肝胰腺饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主，不饱和脂肪酸中油酸、花生烯酸和二十二碳烯酸（C22：1）含量较高，亚油酸和亚麻酸含量较少，二十二碳六烯酸含量达9．91％．     

唐宋敦煌岁时佛俗--二月至七月

唐宋敦煌岁时佛俗:二月八日设道场讲经说法、行像.二月十五日营会供养、设供悼念佛逝世等.三月寒食清明设乐踏歌、上坟祭拜.每个季度未都举行罢四季道场,祈福禳灾.四月八日佛诞辰日有造幡、写经、四月大会、寺院礼佛、求儿女等活动.五月端午节僧官向节度使献物送礼,佛家以受气法供养十方诸佛.七月盂兰盆节整修粉刷佛堂、设盂兰盆道场、造盆破盆、户内祭拜、造花树、图像写经.     

赵嘏、杜牧卒年与《唐诗类选后序》作年考论

有学者认为<唐诗类选后序>撰于"咸通元、二年间"或"咸通三年前后",并据此和其他"根据"考订赵嘏卒于大中十二三年,否定杜牧卒于大中六年.经过分析考证,张祜卒于大中八年,杜牧则卒于大中六年底,且顾陶前后两序之撰写时间极为接近,均是大中十年先后所撰,因此赵嘏即约卒于大中八年.     

Stability of repeated student evaluations of teaching in the second preclinical year of a medical curriculum

The second preclinical year of the medical curriculum at the Medical Faculty of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland includes nine multidisciplinary organ-system-oriented modules consisting of lectures and problem-based-learning tutorials. This study reports the experience accumulated with the evaluation of lectures during the academic years 1998–1999 and 1999–2000. The ratings of the different modules were highly variable, indicating the ability of students to have a critical view on the teaching and the teachers. There was a close to very close correlation between the ratings obtained during the two study years. The high discriminative capacity of students in evaluating the teaching and the teachers was also supported by their critical point of view expressed in free comments. Our observations stress therefore the reliability of teaching evaluations systematically performed by medical students.     

肺康复对稳定期COPD患者肺功能和六分钟步行距离的影响

目的:研究肺康复对稳定期COPD患者肺功能、运动耐力的影响。方法:选择稳定期COPD患者100例,随机分为对照组和实验组,两组患者在常规内科药物治疗的基础上分别接受单模式肺康复和综合性肺康复。训练前及训练后1个月、3个月、6个月及1年评定患者的肺功能指标和六分钟步行距离,并用独立样本t检验、重复测量方差分析及Pearson’s相关系数对结果进行统计学分析。结果:两组患者的肺功能指标在治疗后1个月、3个月与治疗前比较,无明显差异,治疗后6个月和1年则较治疗前有显著差异;六分钟步行距离治疗后1个月与治疗前比较无明显差异,治疗后3个月、6个月和1年则较治疗前有显著差异,且实验组患者的各项指标明显优于对照组,同时六分钟步行距离与肺功能指标之间存在相关性。结论:单模式肺康复和综合性肺康复均能改善COPD患者的肺功能和运动耐力,但综合性肺康复治疗方案优于单模式肺康复,且康复训练具有时间依赖性及累积效应,需长期坚持才能见效。     

不能忽略的东欧文学研究

近年来，国内东欧文学研究几乎陷入停滞状态，这有两方面的原因：一是长期以来东欧各国处于苏联卫星国的地位，各方面的发展受到压抑和控制，难以有所作为，因此也自然不被人们重视；二是伴随着苏联的解体，一些研究者认为东欧文学研究是一个没有前途的事业。因此，在老一辈的研究者们由于年事已高自然退出以后，年轻一代的学者主动选择这一专业的人甚少，造成东欧小语种人才的缺乏。其实这一工作对于我们不仅重要，而且大有可为，因为它是一件极富有挑战性和建设性的工作。     

南宋利州路分合初考

南宋利州路分合频繁,经考证认为达九次之多,即绍兴十四年分,乾道三年四月合;乾道三年六月分,乾道四年合;淳熙二年分,淳熙三年合;淳熙五年分,绍熙五年合;庆元二年又分,嘉定二年复合;嘉定十一年短暂分、合又于次年五月再分,同年八月又合;嘉定十六年再合;战乱中实又分矣。     

SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR OF GIFTED PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This paper is divided into two parts: in the first a short overview of the current state of research on social behaviour of gifted preschool children is given; the second reports a small experimental observation study on social/cooperative play behaviour of gifted preschool children as compared with a normal kindergarten group. The study was conducted within the broad framework of a two year model project with a group of gifted children aged 3 to 6. Most striking in the results is the high absolute and relative amount of positive verbal interaction in the project group.