Characteristics of Counselor Educators

Counselor educators of 1964 are described comparatively through use of data obtained from a U.S. Office of Education directory of counselor educators and membership directories of APGA and APA. Highest degree groups were used for most comparisons, but ACES regional and professional membership groups were also used. PhDs outnumbered EdDs appreciably and Masters plus Others fell far behind both. Three ACES regions outranked the two others significantly on proposition of PhDs. APGA membership was higher than APA with EdDs ranking first on the former and PhDs on the latter. Employment, certification, and licensure and professional interest data showed PhDs more psychologically oriented than EdDs. Overall, the group represented education more than psychology and limited commitment to and interest in counseling and counselor education.     

Renewal in Career Guidance and Counseling: Rationale and Programs

This article provides a strong rationale for renewal programs in career guidance and counseling. The rationale is based on the expressed needs of counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors, and the needs of clients, as well as on major position papers of APGA, ACES, and NVGA. The APGA Counselor Renewal and Development Professional Preparation and Standards Committee has clearly stated that counselor renewal is a professional imperative for those who seek to remain effective helpers. The ACES position paper, “Counselor Preparation for Career Development/Career Education”, also clearly points out the need for renewal in career guidance and counseling. In addition to the rationale, the article describes several career-counseling-oriented renewal programs that are currently available for counselors and counselor educators and supervisors who would like to upgrade their skills in this area.     

强化专业学位研究生实践环节路径探析

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》提出了加快发展专业学位研究生教育的战略。按照教育部先期提出的硕士研究生从学术型向应用型转变的要求,依托高校学科特色优势和校企长期友好合作关系,建立了多学科研究生教育创新基地。在分析掌握企业科技创新和人才需求计划的基础上,采取多种形式强化了专业学位研究生的工程实践环节,探索并形成了管理保障机制,达到了全日制专业学位研究生培养要求,并为地方教育主管部门政策制定和研究生培养机制改革提供了决策依据。     

全日制专业学位硕士研究生学位论文的过程管理与质量控制

结合工程实践对全日制专业学位硕士研究生学位论文的过程管理进行了研究,改革并创新了全日制专业学位硕士研究生的论文质量控制节点和过程管理体系,并将新的过程管理体系应用于北京邮电大学国家示范性软件学院全日制软件工程硕士的培养过程。实践表明,新的学位论文过程管理体系提高了全日制软件工程硕士学位论文内在和外在的质量。     

Preparing professionals for lifelong learning: Comparative examination of master’s education programs

There has been continued debate regarding educational policies and practices regarding the lifelong learning social order with significant focus upon the preparation of educators of children and youth for this global lifelong learning society. However, there has been limited discussion and research regarding the professional preparation of lifelong learning adult educators. This article investigates the current status of graduate professional programs to prepare lifelong learning adult educators (individuals who are prepared and credentialed through a professional graduate master's degree in adult education and human resource development). Because of differing international policies and structures of graduate education, this discussion will present a comparative examination of current structures and characteristics of master's degree programs at two institutional sites located in Denmark and the USA. Current objectives, characteristics, and understandings of graduate professional preparation programs will be delineated between these two case studies. Contextual issues and influences in the preparation of lifelong learning adult educators will be discussed, with comparative discussions of cultural norms and policies regarding graduate professional preparation, innovative programmatic and instructional efforts, engagement of theory and best practices in lifelong learning, and comparative cultural differences between program students and faculty.     

APGA Members' Ethical Discriminatory Ability

APGA members' ethical discriminatory ability was investigated to determine if it were related to certain demographic variables. A critical-incident questionnaire was sent to 1,238 APGA members, and 729 (58.9 percent) usable questionnaires were returned. Single-classification analysis of variance and Scheffé post hoc analysis were used to determine significance. Religious preferences, the amount of education, and the method of academic exposure to professional ethics were found to be related to ethical discriminatory ability.     

专业学位研究生教育的实践与思考

探索专业学位研究生教育规律,加快发展好专业学位研究生教育对高校尤其是地方高校来说具有重要意义。在分析安徽工业大学近几年发展专业学位研究生教育面临的问题基础上,从健全组织机构、完善管理规章制度和加强职业性、淡化学术性、强化实践性以及产学研联合培养等方面：就如何深入把握专业学位特点和规律,提高认识,统筹规划,进一步做好专业学位研究生教育工作进行思考和总结,为今后做好专业学位研究生教育工作理清了思路。     

专业学位研究生教育改革的探索与思考

专业学位研究生教育改革要根据其职业指向性、类型多样性、学生差异性等特殊性,从问题出发,守住“基本要求”底线,确保培养质量;突破“指导性培养方案”禁锢,形成各校培养特色;以课程建设和案例教学为切入点,推进教学内容改革与教学方法创新。同时,要构建以职业能力培养和应用为导向的专业学位论文评价体系,完善“双导师制”的内在机制。     

Continuing Professional Development: Outlook for Counselor Educators and Supervisors

This discussion of continuing professional development for counselor educators and supervisors is based on a study of six professional organizations and their programs of continuing professional development. The study was conducted by ACES's Commission on Professional Development. The commission concluded that most organizations have established offices and committees of members at the national level that administer programs; provide activities directly or sponsor activities conducted by other groups, such as private institutes, universities, and professional organizations; and in some cases offer awards for meeting specific criteria. Recommendations for ACES are to continue conducting specific workshops on selected topics and offer Continuing Education Units for participants, determine the impact of these activities on participants, develop criteria for the ACES Recognition Award in consultation with other organizations that have a similar award, consider sponsoring activities conducted by other groups, and survey the difficulties that a continuing-professional-development program may cause for persons with multiple membership in professional organizations.     

The development and validation of the ethical climate index for graduate and professional school programs

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a perceptual instrument to measure the ethical climate of an institution's graduate and professional school programs, the Ethical Climate Index (ECI). The theoretical framework of the ECI involved the application of five ethical principles to three major environments within graduate and professional school programs. Items were developed by meeting with graduate and professional school students and reviewing related environmental instruments and sources. The items' content validity was evaluated by an expert in the university ethical climate area and two item review panels. The 122-item ECI was further validated by distributing it to 852 graduate and professional school students at a large midwestern university. The reliability estimate of the ECI was found to be .97. Students' perceptions of the ethical climate differed significantly across the major academic areas of the institution surveyed. The relationship between these findings and previous research is discussed along with ideas for further research.     

A comparison of students enrolled in nontraditional and traditional graduate education programs in terms of grade point average and graduate record examination scores

The quality of graduate students enrolled in nontraditional, field-based education was compared to that of graduate students in traditional, on-campus professional education degree programs through grade point average (GPA) and graduate record examination scores. The comparison of mean scores indicated that there is no statistically significant difference (P<.05) between the two groups of students. It was concluded that there is no difference in quality of students enrolled in the two types of graduate programs.     

论专业硕士研究生产品开发能力培养

文章从我国专业硕士研究生教育培养目的、现代企业对产品研发人员能力要求以及国家创新发展战略的需求出发,提出了专业硕士研究生培养应聚焦产品开发能力的论点,并从产品意识、产品思维、用户思维和产品创新意识四个方面进行了具体论述,最后得出了硕士研究生产品开发能力培养本质上就是培养一种科学的产品开发思维方式的论断。     

Characterizing the motives and environmental literacy of undergraduate and graduate students who elect environmental programs – a comparison between teaching-oriented and other students

One aspect of the increasing position of sustainability in higher education is establishment of distinct interdisciplinary environment-oriented programs. The point-of-departure of this study is differentiation between teaching- and non-teaching-oriented students, in view of their different respective professional roles in society. The motives and environmental literacy (EL) of incoming students were investigated in three types of sustainability programs in Israel: undergraduate teacher-training, graduate teacher-education and graduate non-teacher programs. For all students acquiring knowledge was the major motive for studies. Undergraduate student-teachers demonstrated the least developed EL, although it is slightly higher than that found for incoming student-teachers a decade ago. Graduate teacher-students displayed strong identity as educational agents-of-change and role-models; however, their limited environmental-knowledge raises questions concerning providing knowledge foundations in undergraduate teacher-training programs, indicating the necessity to supplement this in graduate teacher-programs. Graduate non-teacher students perceive their continuing sustainability-oriented studies as a means for developing an environmental career and enter these programs relatively environmentally-literate. The implications focus on necessary components and characteristics of sustainability-programs directed to teaching- and non-teaching-oriented students. These include the necessity to strengthen the environmental-knowledge component in programs directed to teachers; and embed opportunities for professional internships within graduate programs for non-teachers seeking environmental careers.     

在美国作为一个研究领域的高等教育:历史、学位项目与知识基础

在探索高等教育作为一个研究生阶段的新的学术领域在美国的崛起方面,本文提出了四个相关的主题。首先,本文追溯了高等教育作为一种学位项目的起源和程序化的发展,以及高等教育的课程发展和专业化的演变。第二,通过高等教育研究领域在研究型学位(Ph.D和M.A.)和专业学位(Ed.D.和M.Ed)的发展历史,本文指出在整个20世纪,教育学院都在力求区别对待这两种学位类型,而且努力证明这些学位类型各有其存在的原因和不同的要求。第三,高等教育研究领域的崛起逐步形成了一种知识基础,它反映了与大学历史和传统、大学管理与治理、大学课程、学生和公共政策研究领域相关的正在增长的研究生产力。与许多其他学科和专业领域一样,这种正在发展中的知识基础发轫于致力于高等教育研究的学术期刊、丛书、专著以及期刊文章。第四,在高等教育研究中心和学位项目国际化的背景下,本文对美国、欧洲、加拿大和中国正在演化中的高等教育的多学科领域提供了一个粗略的描述。     

美国理学专业硕士培养特点分析

理学专业硕士是美国研究生教育的创新,本文归纳分析了美国理学专业硕士"科学—附加"集成的课程体系、"校内—校外"结合的教学组织、"课程—项目"双重的毕业要求。     

调整结构 改革培养模式 提高培养质量——哈尔滨工业大学应用型人才培养的探索与实践

本文阐述了哈尔滨工业大学通过加强学校层面的组织协调,有效配置学校资源,改革奖助体系,建设高水平专业学位研究生教学体系,多种渠道进行实践基地建设等举措,调整硕士生培养结构,大力发展工程硕士研究生教育,提高研究生培养质量的探索与实践。     

专业学位的特性与专业学位研究生质量的提升

专业学位具有明显的实践取向,但专业学位的实践性不等于技术性,专业学位依然具有其特定的学术品格。当前的专业学位研究生培养中存在的突出问题就是在实践性和学术性的认识与实践方面存在着不同程度的偏差。提升专业学位研究生教育质量的关键是寻求实践和学术之间的适当平衡。     

Adult development and adult learning styles: The message for nontraditional graduate programs

Both the content and process of graduate education promote adult development. As developing people, adults usually enroll in graduate programs at times when they are building or changing the structure of their lives. Graduate programs, particularly nontraditional programs, can address both the growing adult as well as uphold relevant standards of intellectual excellence and professional expertise.Their collaborative research has focused on life cycle adult development and on educational methodologies and environments which support adult development.     

Availability of pre-admission information to prospective graduate students in speech-language pathology

An extensive Internet search was conducted to obtain pre-admission information and acceptance statistics from 260 graduate programmes in speech-language pathology accredited by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) in the United States. ASHA is the national professional, scientific and credentialing association for members and affiliates who are audiologists; speech-language pathologists; speech, language and hearing scientists; audiology and speech-language pathology support personnel and students. Data were collected for analysis from Internet websites of individual academic programmes and ASHA’s EdFind, an online directory for undergraduate and graduate programmes in communication sciences and disorders in the United States. Frequency counts were used to analyse the data. Since graduate programmes are not required by ASHA to report or publish entrance requirements, the information included on the individual websites and ASHA’s EdFind varies widely among the programmes with some information incomplete or not reported at all.     

Graduate Programs That Prepare Educational Measurement Specialists

What are typical requirements in graduate measurement programs? How d o programs in measurement and research methods differ?