白芷的核型研究及其分类意义

The present paper deals mainly with the karyotype analysis of five materials in Angelica dahurica collected in Yanbian of Jilin, Anguo of Hebei, Yuxian of Henan, Hangzhou of Zhejiang and Suining of Sichuan.  They are under the names “Dongbeidahuo”, “Qibaizhi”, “Yubaizhi”, ”Hangbaizhi” and “Chuanbaizhi” respe- ctively.  Among then “Dongbeidahuo” is a wild plant, which occurs in  northeastern China, and the others are cultivated as important crude drugs in some provinces. “Qi- Baizhi” and “Yubaizhi” have been identified as conspecific with the wild Baizhi-“Do- Ngbeidahuo” (A. dahurica) according to the external morphological features, whereas the other cultivated ones, “Hangbaizhi” and “Chuanbaizhi”, treated as a variety (A. dahu- rica var. formosana).      The results of karyotype analysis are shown in Plate 1, 2, with the formula 2n=22 =12 m+2 mSAT+4sm+4st. The karyotypes described here are constantly characterized by satellites attached to the fourth pair of metacentric chromosomes and differ from the pu- blished reports on the other species of the genus.  It is reasonable to say that the five materials collectively named “Baizhi” are taxonomically closely related to each other and could be regarded as conspecific.  Since the second chromosome pair is submetacen- tric in “Dongbeidahuo”, it may be justifiable to separate the wild plant from the cul- tivated ones and treat them as two separate varieties.     

《全芳备祖》之我见

“Quan Fang Bei Zu” is a compiled work mainly for folklores, poems and other literary works concerning some common plants with some botanical information in it.  It is certainly not a pure botanical work, covering no more than 240 species of plants, and thus has little use as a reference book in indexing names even in a primitive sense.  Therefore “Quan Fang Bei Zu” could not be considered as a botanical dictionary.  Xu Wen-xuan and his co-workers’ argument that “Quan Fang Bei Zu” was the most perfect ancient botanical codes and records till then is not convincing.  Actually “Tu Jing Ben Cao” is of higher value than the book under discussion from botanical point of view.     

关于苍术植物的学名问题

This paper is the documentation of specimens and literature reffered to Atracty- lodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. etc. As a result, it is found that, in taxonomy of the genus Atractylodes, what represcents by four long-established names, i. e. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., A. ovata (Thunb.) DC., A. chinensis (Bunge) Koidz. and A. lyrata Sieb. et Zucc., in fact, is the one and same species.  According to the law of priority in nomenclature, the first name should be given to Chinese drug “Cangzhu”, while theother three names have to be treated as its synonyms.     

关于慈竹属和单竹属的讨论

 When F. A. McClure published the new genus Sinocalamus McClure in 1940, the 4 species he listed are S. latiflorus (Munro) McClure, S. beecheyanus (Munro) Mc- Clure, S. oldhami (Munro) McClure and S. affinis (Rendle) McClure.  After careful examination, the authors of this paper considered that the type species of McClure’s genus S. latiflorus (Munro) McClure should belong to the genus Dendrocalamus Nees, and the other species are of Bambusa Schreber.  Owing to Sinocalamus McClure is not a taxon representative of its type species, but a mixture, it must be rejected as a synonym of Dendrocalamus Nees.  In consequence then, the authors make adjustment to the taxonomic category of the 14 species and 1 variety which have ever been in Sinocalamus McClure.      As for the characters of Lingnania McClure, except that some differences exist in the vegetative parts, the structure of the spikelets is in the main the same as that of Bambusa Schreber.  Consequently, with regard to the systematic relationship, the authors consider it may be more resonable that the rank of Lingnania McClure should be alter- ed to Bambusa Schreber subg.  Lingnania (MeClure) Chia  et H. L. Fung; all the species of Lingnania McClure, except that L. tsiangii McClure should be transferred to Dendrocalamus Nees, should be assignable to Bambusa Schreber subg.  Lingnania (McClure) Chia et H. L. Fung.     

裂瓜属的研究

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis- tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper.  Having comme- nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au- thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri- be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.      The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view.  Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera.      The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).  The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.      According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe- cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi- zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.      The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment.  After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed.  The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods.  At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram.  The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.      Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

中国清风藤科的初步研究

 This paper is a preliminary study on the Sabiaceae in aspects of its morphology, taxonomy and geography.  We propose that the Sabioideae and Meliosmoideae as two new subfamilies of Sabiaceae according to the external morphology, flower structure and geographical distribution of these two genera respectively.       This paper follows the taxonomic concepts of Luetha Chen on Sabia and C. F. van Beusekom on Meliosma.  We agree with them for their classification of these two genera above the specific rank.  As to the revision work of Sabia by van de Water and C. F. van Beusekom’s work on Meliosma we disagree  for their unduly broad specific concepts.  We rather treat the species of these two genera according to their habitats in regions on a relatively narrower sense.  The genus Sabia of China are classified into 2 tribes, with 16 species, 5 subspecies and 2 varieties in which 4 sub- species and l variety are as new combinations, the genus of Meliosma in China are classified into 2 subgenera with 29 species, and 7 varieties of which 4 varieties are new combinations.       After examining the affinity of the species of Sabia and Meliosma in China and its neighboring nations such as Burma, Japan and Bhutan, we found that their migra- tion initiated from China, as the primitive species of these two genera occured in northeast and central part of Yunnan, sou theast of Sichuan, north of Guizhou and west of Hubei, the region may probably be the main origin of these two genera.      As shown in tables 1 & 2, the localities where the species of these two genera den- sely populate they are from Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong coinciding with the concepts of C. F. van Beusekom and van de Water about the distribution of exotic species of these two genera, it may reasonable be pointed out that the center of distri- bution of these two genera is Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and nieghboring nations, upper Burma and northern Vietnam.  Futhermore, it may be seen that starting from this center the number of species become less and less as they proceed far and far awaybut become more advance in evolution.     

Wulfeniopsis Hong———喜马拉雅山玄参科一新属

 While we were investigating the world Veroniceae we found  the  genus  Wulfenia  Jacq. discontinuously distributing. W. carinthiaca and W. baldaccii are found in south-eastern Europe and W. orientalis in Turkey and Lebanon, whereas W. amherstiana is a native of W. Hima- laya. Such a pattern of distribution, discontinuous between the Mediterranean and W. Himala- ya, as far as we know, is hardly frequent. After comparing carefully the specimens from these two places and examining their pollen grains we got the impression that the difference between the plants occuring near the Mediterranean and those in Himalaya is so big that they should no longer be placed in the same genus. It would be necessary, therefore, to describe W. amhe- rstiana as a new and separate genus (we name it Wulfeniopsis Hong). Its corolla is not  2- lipped, but with four lobes (not five) lanceolate, acuminate and erect (not spreading).  The stigma is very small, not 2-lobed. Pollen grains are much smaller, with colpi more narrow and lacking of membranes, and their exines are smooth (not reticulate). It’s  chromosome numberis 2n = 16 (not 18).     

西藏豆科植物区系的形成与分化

 Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16 species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175 species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North  America, Mediterranean and Central Asia.       1.  There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord- ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution, it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely distributed in the southern Hemisphere.  The other two genera might have been derived from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.       2. An analysis of temperate genera       There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara- gana.       Astragalus  is a  cosmopolitan  genus comprising 2000 species, with its center distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and Xizang Plateau.       Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%) to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia- tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of the subgenus, are distributed in this region.  The species in the region mainly occur in alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.      The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species.  For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.      The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau.  The distribution, formation and differ- entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus.  These two genera are usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea- dow and steppe.      Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi- zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon- golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species reaching up to 50%.      3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera      There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.      However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha- Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima- laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium.  The subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14 species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya.  They are closely related to species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con- nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.      Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium. Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino- Himalaya and three of them are endemic.      An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu- tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium is in the Sino-Himalaya region.      Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree.     

微孔草属的研究

 1.  Having analyzed the external morphology of the genus Microula, the author has proposed a series of criteria as bases for the construction of a classification scheme of this genus.  The most important ones are as follows:      1)  The normally developed stem is primitive, and the strongly abbreviated stem more advanced.      2)  The small inconspicuous bracts are more primitive than the large suborbicular densely arranged ones, which almost entirely cover the flowers and the fruits.      3)  Nutlets with small dorsal pit  are more primitive than those with larger pit on one hand or those without it on the other.      4)  The dorsal pit with simple margin precedes that with double margins.      5)  Nutlets with subbasal areola precede those with lateral or apical areola.      6)  Nutlets without glochids precede those with glochids.      2.  Basing upon these criteria the genus Microula may be divided into six sections. The section Schistocaryum may be the primitive one, and the others may be evolved from it respectively.  The possible affinities between them are demonstrated in figure no. two.      3.  The genus Microula, containing 30 species,  is  mainly  distributed  in  the Chinghai-Tibetan plateau and the majority of its species concentrates in the eastern border of the plateau, and of the 30 species 26—that is 90 percent—are endemic to China, and the remaining 4 are distributed elsewhere in China, too, and extending southward and westward to Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and Kashmir respectively.  In the region between Heishui, Province Szechuan, and Chinghai Lake there are 9 species, which, curiously, represent all the six sections of Microula, hence this region seems to be the center of maximum variation of this genus.  M. ovalifolia whose nutlets have small dorsal pit and subbasal areola may be considered the most primitive species. Thus the author is of the opinion that the western part of province Szechuan, to which M. ovalifolia is endemic, may probably be the center of origin of the genusMicroula.     

西藏地区藏族2型糖尿病患者血脂分析

目的分析西藏地区藏族2型糖尿病患者伴发血脂代谢异常情况,探讨血脂异常对糖尿病患者引起血管并发症方面的临床意义。对象2006年9月至2008年9月在本院住院的藏族2型糖尿病患者112例。方法所有患者根据有无合并血管病变分为两组,两组的血脂检测情况进行对比,同时与154例健康体检者进行比较。结果T2DM患者较对照组血脂显著异常,伴有血管合并症的T2DM患者较无血管合并症的T2DM患者血脂异常情况更明显。     

技术创新型企业自组织特征分析

技术创新型企业具有开放性、非平衡性、非线性、涨落性，是一个自组织系统，技术创新型企业具有自主性、自适应、自催化、自调控等自组织特征。技术创新型企业的自组织运行需要一定的社会环境。     

工布江达县藏猪旋毛虫病感染情况血清学调查

目的为调查研究林芝地区工布江达县猪旋毛虫发病现状、感染率、流行动态、流行病学特点。方法应用购自河南百奥生物工程有限公司的猪用旋毛虫快速诊断试纸条,对工布江达县3个点(措高乡、株拉乡、个体养殖基地)200头猪进行血清学检测。结果工布江达县猪旋毛虫血清学阳性率为零。结论调查表明全县范围内经过一年两次的驱虫,工布江达县猪旋毛虫病的防治总体取得了显著成效。     

拉萨民俗村旅游资源开发的现状与对策研究——以桑木民俗村为例

西藏的民俗文化博大精深,怎样使旅游者在较短的时间内了解体验,是西藏旅游开发要考虑的问题。本文将在对拉萨桑木民俗村个案的调研基础上,对其存在的问题进行了解析,提出了对拉萨民俗村旅游资源开发的对策。     

2006年拉萨SOS儿童村儿童体格状况调查研究

研究拉萨SOS儿童村儿童的体格状况和生长发育情况。调查结果发现儿童的身高、体重、胸围和坐高的发育符合一般的生长发育规律，随着年龄的增大而增加。与1982年拉萨市城区儿童比较，7-14岁的儿童在身高、体重、胸围和坐高各方面大多数都有不同程度的增长，增长值最高的年龄组男孩子为12和14岁组，女孩为10、11和14岁组。但总体情况不容乐观，与全国其他城市同等年龄儿童比较差距甚大，这与高原缺氧、儿童缺乏体育锻炼和饮食结构的不合理等有关。建议所有教育工作者、医疗卫生工作者和家长，加强学习，提高认识。     

改则县重大动物疫病流行病学调查报告

本文针对改则县重大动物疫病流行现状进行分析,并提出了相应的建议.     

一类曲线的定义域（英文）

设K为代数闭域k的有限生成扩域.C:f(x)=ayn为K上曲线,其中f是k上至少有3个单零点的多项式且n>3是正整数,n不是域k的特征的倍数,再设a■Kn,那么曲线C不能定义在k上,即曲线C:(x)=ayn不会k(a)同构于一条k上的曲线.     

西藏地区灾害性极值降水的时空分布特征

本文根据西藏地区1971—2000年的汛期逐日降水资料，分析汛期极值降水日数、一日最大降水量、极值降水指数、极值降水量等极值降水统计特征时空分布规律，得出了一些有意义的结论。     

措勤县动物疫病流行病学调查报告

按照藏农厅字[2008]42号和43号的通知精神,全面系统地对措勤县进行了流行病学调查,现将调查情况汇报如下: