3-6岁儿童自我控制发展特点及其教育建议

研究采用自编的“3-6岁儿童自我控制教师评定问卷”,以“半年”为单位对3-6岁儿童自我控制进行测量,考察3-6岁儿童自我控制发展的敏感期和自我控制各维度之间在不同年龄和性别群体内的发展差异.结果表明,3-6岁儿童自我控制的发展随着年龄的增长而提高,3.5岁到4.5岁是自我控制发展的敏感期;女孩的自我控制水平显著高于男孩;男孩自觉性的发展水平滞后于自我控制其它维度的发展,而女孩自觉性的发展水平最高.为了提高3-6岁儿童自我控制水平,教育工作者应该依据自我控制发展的敏感期,及依据不同年龄阶段自我控制的年龄和性别发展特点进行教育.     

3岁-6岁幼儿说故事能力的特点研究

说故事（story—telling）,是一种脱离语境进行有组织表述的语言能力,它体现了幼儿情感、认知、社会和文化发展诸多方面丰富的信息。本研究根据加德纳的多元智能理论,以光谱计划的故事板活动为研究工具,北京市三所幼儿园的大、中、小班幼儿为研究对象,对3岁一6岁幼儿的说故事能力进行讲述结构的特性、主题贴切、叙述语气的运用...     

3-6岁幼儿社会性发展及其影响因素的研究

调查安徽省合肥、淮南两地不同幼儿园幼儿社会性发展的水平,探讨家庭因素和幼儿园的影响.方法:采用陈会昌的《儿童社会性发展量表》对342名幼儿家长进行问卷调查.结果:①幼儿社会性发展总体良好.②3-6岁幼儿社会性发展呈由低到高的发展趋势,3-4岁是一个重要关键期.③幼儿园教育、家长职业、亲子相处时间是影响幼儿社会性发展的重要因素.结论:幼儿社会性发展受年龄发展、家庭因素、幼儿园教育的共同影响.     

3～6岁幼儿问题行为及其与家庭因素的关系

为了解3～6岁幼儿问题行为状况及与家庭因素的关系,采用问卷法对490名幼儿及其父母进行调查。结果发现：幼儿问题行为总体水平不高,幼儿问题行为表现不突出;不存在性别差异,存在显著的年龄差异,年龄小的幼儿问题行为显著多于年龄大的幼儿;家庭因素中父母的年龄、家庭结构、家庭月收入等对幼儿问题行为的总体及各维度造成不同影响。对此,提出建议：丰富父母教育经验,正确识别幼儿的问题行为;营造良好家庭氛围,及早预防幼儿的问题行为;政府提供多样支持,及时干预幼儿的问题行为。     

3-6岁幼儿家庭户外活动现状及优化对策——以青岛市城阳区为例

幼儿天生就爱在户外玩耍,户外活动不仅能促进幼儿身体的健康发育,而且能够有效促进幼儿社会性以及智力的发展,家庭户外活动更能促进亲子间的感情.通过文献法、问卷调查法、访谈法对幼儿家庭户外活动进行六方面的调查,包括幼儿家庭户外活动的时间、场所、内容、伙伴、家长参与情况以及家长态度.研究发现,幼儿家庭户外活动存在家长对幼儿户外...     

4-6岁幼儿自我概念发展特点研究

本研究以4岁-6岁幼儿为被试,使用《幼儿自我概念调查量表》考查了120名幼儿的自我概念发展特点。结果表明,不同年龄幼儿在自我概念发展上存在显著差异,4岁组幼儿自我概念认知得分显著低于5岁组与6岁组幼儿,5岁组幼儿与6岁组幼儿之间无显著差异。同年龄组的男孩与女孩相比,在母亲接纳、身体能力和认知能力得分上无显著差异,但在同伴接纳维度上女孩显著高于男孩。     

3~6岁幼儿社会技能发展及其家庭相关影响因素研究

研究者向广州市1149名3~6岁幼儿的家长发放问卷,调查3~6岁幼儿的社会技能发展及其家庭相关影响因素。大样本调查结果发现:幼儿的社会技能发展存在性别差异,女孩明显好于男孩。随着年龄增长,幼儿的社会技能逐渐发展。母亲受教育程度越高,幼儿社会技能发展越好。家庭经济收入越高,幼儿社会技能发展越好。民主性教养方式与幼儿的社会技能发展呈正相关,有正向预测作用;溺爱性、放任性、专制性、不一致性教养方式与幼儿的社会技能发展呈负相关,有负向预测作用。     

培养2～3岁幼儿的自我控制能力

自我控制力是个性形成的重要因素,是人们对自己心理以及行为的主动掌握,而本文所指的幼儿自我控制力是幼儿对自我情绪和行为的控制能力,它对儿童社会化及人格发展都起着至关重要的作用.所以本文将从该阶段幼儿的自我控制力特点出发,研究家长如何有效培养幼儿的自我控制能力,从而避免家长走进培养孩子自我控制能的误区.     

北京市宣武区0-6岁幼儿家庭的调查研究

对0－6岁幼儿家庭的文化水平、经济状况、居住条件、教育需求以及幼儿基本情况 等方面进行问卷调查，展开讨论并提出建设性意见，从而推动幼儿家庭教育工作，提高家庭 教育水平。     

广州市天河区3-6岁幼儿体质发展的比较研究

研究对广州市天河区3-6岁幼儿身体形态、身体机能和身体素质各项指标的抽样测评结果进行分析,并与1998年广州市3-6岁幼儿体质测查的结果进行比较。研究发现,2012年天河区3-6岁幼儿下肢力量增强,身体柔韧性和双手协调能力提高;而幼儿的上肢力量、平衡素质和耐力有所下降。研究还结合对幼儿园和幼儿家长的问卷调查,探讨了3-6岁幼儿体质发展的影响因素。     

3～6岁幼儿家庭亲子阅读现状调查

亲子阅读作为早期阅读的重要组成部分,是一种强调亲子间互动的阅读方式,它对促进幼儿的身心健康发展具有特殊的意义。本文在调查和分析广西桂林市部分3～6岁幼儿家庭亲子阅读现状的基础上提出了相应的教育建议。     

Goal neglect and working memory capacity in 4- to 6-year-old children

Goal neglect is the phenomenon of failing to execute the momentary demands of a task despite understanding and being able to recall the task instructions. Successful goal maintenance is more likely to occur in adults with high working memory capacity (WMC) who can keep rules mentally accessible while performing the task. The current study predicted that goal neglect would also be related to WMC in children. It assessed thirty-seven 4-year-old and twenty-eight 6-year-old children on the goal neglect version of the Dimensional Change Card Sort, and 3 tasks that measure WMC. As predicted, children with higher WMC scores were more likely to maintain goals adequately for task performance. The findings are consistent with a 2-factor model of working memory and its development.     

Music lessons enhance executive functions in 6- to 7-year-old children

Studies have demonstrated positive associations between music lessons and executive functions (EFs) in children. Because researchers have focused on comprehensive music lessons taught in school, it remains unclear whether pure instrumental music lessons as an extracurricular activity reveal similar results. Moreover, interventional studies reported mixed findings and there is a lack of experimental designs allowing for causal conclusions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of music lessons as an extracurricular activity on EFs in children. Primary school children (N = 94) aged 6–7 years were randomly assigned to a music group, an arts group, or a waiting control group. Different measures of EFs were assessed in pre- and posttests. The results revealed an improvement in children from the music group for some components of EFs. Based on our findings we conclude that instrumental music lessons have an impact on specific EFs in children.     

3～6岁儿童情绪表达规则认知研究

目前我国关于情绪表达规则认知的研究,还主要集中在语言表达能力已经有了一定发展的学龄儿童或成人,对3～6岁儿童情绪表达规则认知的研究还比较少。本研究借鉴国外研究范式,探讨在中国文化背景下年龄、性别、情境这三个因素对学前儿童情绪表达规则认知的影响。研究结果表明,年龄和情境对儿童情绪表达规则认知存在影响,但性别不是影响儿童情绪表达规则认知的因素。     

Production of temporal terms by 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children

This study investigated changes in the production of temporal terms over the preschool years. Ninety-three parents of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children completed a questionnaire in which they indicated their child's production, and accurate use, of a list of temporal words. The results suggest that use and command emerge at different ages for different terms. Correlation and difference analyses were conducted to document the pattern of development. Words representing the present (e.g., now) and very general temporal terms (e.g., ‘later’) were produced and used accurately by the majority of even the youngest children. Some terms describing specific timeframes (e.g., ‘yesterday’) were also produced from a young age but demonstrated more gradual acquisition of appropriate use across the preschool years. Other terms appeared in children's vocabularies only later in the preschool years, and were inaccurately used even by the oldest children (e.g., ‘hours’). These findings provide an initial survey of reported child competence with temporal words that has implications for research, education, and judicial contexts.     

发展性计算障碍的类型及成因研究进展

发展性计算障碍是一种阻碍儿童算术能力获得的特殊学习障碍。它有多种不同的类型，目前主要有3种分类标准。发展性计算障碍类型的多样性主要在于其成因的复杂性。文章从遗传、脑机制、个体认知因素及环境与教育因素4个方面，系统地总结了发展性计算障碍的成因，最后指出现有研究存在的问题以及今后研究的重点。     

Risk factors for speech delay of unknown origin in 3-year-old children

One hundred 3-year-olds with speech delay of unknown origin and 539 same-age peers were compared with respect to 6 variables linked to speech disorders: male sex, family history of developmental communication disorder, low maternal education, low socioeconomic status (indexed by Medicaid health insurance), African American race, and prolonged otitis media. Abnormal hearing was also examined in a subset of 279 children who had at least 2 hearing evaluations between 6 and 18 months of age. Significant odds ratios were found only for low maternal education, male sex, and positive family history; a child with all 3 factors was 7.71 times as likely to have a speech delay as a child without any of these factors.     

3-6岁儿童人物画发展及特点

3岁左右的孩子在画出可辨认的图形的时候,往往最先画的是人物。因而本文从人物画入手,观察孩子在3-6岁这个年龄段如何去表现人物的形象及画人物所呈现的一些特征,有助于我们在了解儿童身心发展规律的基础上去引导孩子画画。     

Teachers' and parents' reports on 3- to 6-year-old children's sexual behavior--a comparison

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of the study was to compare observed range and frequency of sexual behavior in 3- to 6-year-olds in two different environments: the home and the daycare center. The study also aimed to investigate parental and staff opinions on child sexual behavior. METHODS: Parents and daycare teachers of 185 preschool children, from different socio-economic housing areas, answered extensive questionnaires about each child's sexual and general behavior. They were also asked about their own opinions on child sexual behavior. RESULTS: Parents observed significantly more sexual behavior in their children at home compared to teachers' observations at the daycare centers in all age groups, while teachers reported more general behavior problems. Significant gender differences on sexual behavior were displayed at the daycare centers but not at home. Rare behaviors at home were also very unusual at the daycare center. Parental and staff attitudes toward child sexuality were quite open, although 67% of the parents and 41% of the teachers never spoke to the children on sexual matters. One fifth of the adults used no term for genitals at all, and even fewer had a name for girls' genitals. The findings indicate that young children explore their sexuality more at home than in settings with groups of children where the daily activities may be more structured and monitored. It enhances the importance of looking at the context in which the sexual behavior is taking place when investigating problematic sexual behavior.