《中学数学研究》编辑委员会

随着江苏卷的加盟,2008年全国高考数学新课程卷继2007年广东、山东、海南和宁夏四省区进入新课程高考后增加到了4套8份,其中广东、山东、江苏自主命题,海南、宁夏共用国家教育部考试中心统一命制的新课标卷,无论自主命题的高考,还是国家教育部考试中心统一命题的高考,都按照“考查基础知识的同时,注重考查能力”的原则,     

解读题型示例 把握考试方

2007年真正实施自主命题（原来只是语文、外语和数学实行自主命题）和新课程高考的山东文综历史学科考什么？怎么考？我们又如何复习以应对新课程高考？本文结合山东省《2007年文科综合考试说明》的题型示例作一分析，希冀对莘莘学子有所启迪。     

解读题型示例把握考试方向

2007年真正实施自主命题(原来只是语文、外语和数学实行自主命题)和新课程高考的山东文综历史学科考什么?怎么考?我们又如何复习以应对新课程高考?本文结合山东省《2007年文科综合考试说明》的题型示例作一分析,希冀对莘莘学子有所启迪.     

山东省2005—2007年高考数学命题特点探析——“概率与统计”部分

山东省高考实施自主命题已逾三年,由于高考试题是传达学习方向和要求水平的最重要的载体之一,因而无论是在实践还是理论层面都倍受关注．山东又是首批实施高中新课标的实验区之一,经济比较发达,其命题的示范性和方向性值得关注．本文对其2005—2007年“概率与统计”部分的数学命题特点进行了研究,     

高考数学命题思路分析及复习策略(续2)

2．3渗透新课程理念的原则从2007年高考开始,江苏就对新课程背景下的高考数学命题进行了探索,在2008年、2009年的江苏卷中都充分体现了新课程的理念,主要表现为对学生的数学探索能力、应用意识与数学建模能力、数学学习能力等的有效考查上．     

“测定电源的电动势和内阻”实验疑难之专题破解

实验题型作为考查实验能力的重要载体,是历年高考试题的常客.其中电学实验又常常为命题专家所青睐,一跃成为多年来高考实验命题的“炙热”着眼点.纵观近些年高考实验命题及《2007年全国高考理综考纲(物理部分)》《2007年山东高考理综考试说明(物理部分)》等,都可以掂量出“测定     

以高等数学为背景的题型与高考走势

以高等数学为背景的高考试题，背景比较新颖，对能力的要求较高，能有效地考查学生的思维能力和继续学习数学的潜能，因而成为近几年高考命题的“宠儿”．例如，2006年四川省数学高考理科试题第16题的背景是群论，2006年北京市数学高考试题第15题的背景是定积分，2007年四川省数学高考理科试题第21题的背景是牛顿切线法，2007年山东省数学高考试题第21题的背景是泰勒级数，2007年广东省数学高考试题第21题的背景是牛顿迭代法，等等．     

新课程实验区数学高考新增内容透视

2007年山东、广东、宁夏、海南四省首次实施了新课程普通高中高考改革．试题在着重考查支撑学科知识体系的知识主干的同时,对新课程中新增加的内容进行了较系统的考查．认真分析总结四省新课程实验区数学高考新增内容的命题特点,将有助于更好地把握对新课程数学高考新增内容的教与学．     

新课标新增考点——化学平衡常数考点透析

化学反应速率和化学平衡问题一直是高考命题的热点,新课标新增考点——化学平衡常数的考查已成为新课标实验区（2007年首批实验区：宁夏、海南、山东、广东;2008年在宁夏、海南、山东、广东基础上新增江苏,再加上上海2007、2008年高考化学试题）,通过对这11份高考试题的分析,可以看出化学平衡常数已成为高考命题的热点之一,命题主要考查的内容为求算化学平衡常数和影响平衡常数的因素．     

解读三大高考命题趋势

2008年高考数学《考纲》与2007年相比基本没有变化。2008年高考仍按照考查基础知识的同时,注重考查能力的原则,确立以能力立意命题的指导思想,将知识、能力与素质融为一体,全面检测同学们的数学素养,测试中学数学的基础知识、基本技能、基本思想和方法,重点考查思维能力、运算能力、空间想象能力以及运用所学数学知识和方法分析、解决实际问题的能力。近两年数学命题一直比较稳定,没     

Conflicts in Developing an Elementary STEM Magnet School

Elementary schools in the United States have been the terrain of a highly politicized push for improved reading and mathematics attainment, as well as calls for increased importance to be given to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). With priorities placed on basic skills, however, instructional time in subjects such as science in the elementary years has been greatly diminished. We recount in this article the efforts of a school district to create an elementary STEM school through the designation of a magnet school and elaborate on the inherent tensions and conflicts in such an effort.     

Implementation of Comprehensive School Reform and Its Impact on Increases in Student Achievement

This study examined the relationship between the implementation of comprehensive school reform (CSR) and changes in reading and math achievement from 1999 until 2003. Survey data about CSR implementation and school-level achievement data were collected for multiple years from a sample of CSR schools and compared with a sample of matched comparison schools. The sampled CSR schools adopted several promising CSR models. Results revealed that improvement over the years in school-level mathematics and reading achievement of CSR schools was not consistently greater than the improvement for comparison schools. The relationship between implementation of CSR and improvement in student achievement was shown to vary by number of years, level of implementation, and CSR designation. CSR schools experienced the largest increases in student achievement between Years 3 and 5 of implementation. A high level of implementation and comprehensiveness of implementation was weakly associated with a large increase in mathematics and reading achievement relative to the matched comparison school. This relationship also varies by CSR designation.     

Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in Sixteenth-Century Bologna*

This paper focuses on the developments experienced by natural philosophy and mathematics in Bologna during a period of rapid change in the relationship of the various disciplines in the faculty of Arts and Medicine. Insisting that university science was characterized by a greater vitality than the traditional historiography usually concedes, this examination first offers some comments about the place of natural philosophy in the Italian universities, then discusses more specifically the University of Bologna. Changes that took place in the funding of natural philosophy, in the designation of astronomy and mathematics, and in the cycle of books read for natural science are all examined in turn and are complemented by a series of tables. *A Franklin Research Grant from the American Philosophical Society made the research for this paper possible. I thank the Society for its support.     

《三国志》部分人物名和字的语言文化审视

人名研究是文化语言学的一个重要组成部分。本文着眼于文化语言学角度,分析了《三国志》部分人物名和字之间的四种关系：名与字出自名句典故、同义相协、意义相辅、反义相对。并且从命名特点出发,窥见三国时代的文化背景。     

What is the problem in problem-based learning in higher education mathematics

Problem and Project-Based Learning (PBL) emphasise collaborate work on problems relevant to society and emphases the relation between theory and practice. PBL fits engineering students as preparation for their future professions but what about mathematics? Mathematics is not just applied mathematics, but it is also a body of abstract knowledge where the application in society is not always obvious. Does mathematics, including pure mathematics, fit into a PBL curriculum? This paper argues that it does for two reasons: (1) PBL resembles the working methods of research mathematicians. (2) The concept of society includes the society of researchers to whom theoretical mathematics is relevant. The paper describes two cases of university PBL projects in mathematics; one in pure mathematics and the other in applied mathematics. The paper also discusses that future engineers need to understand the world of mathematics as well as how engineers fit into a process of fundamental-research-turned-into-applied-science.     

关于数学文化研究的几点思考——兼评《高中数学课程标准》中数学文化内容的设置

数学文化研究的基本内容大体可划分为3类:数学家群体乃至整个民族的数学文化心理的变迁;数学知识、方法及理论体系形成与发展的文化分析;数学作为文化传播(数学教育形式)演变的文化学层面上的分析.数学文化研究的基本方法有历史溯源法和跨文化比较法.     

School mathematics in the era of globalization

This essay reviews the principles motivating contemporarycritical mathematics discourses. Drawing from varied critical discourses including ethno-mathematics, critical theory, post-structural theory, and situated and ecological cognition, the essay examines the pragmatics of critiques to the privileged role of school mathematics in the era of globalization. Critiques of modern school curricula argue that globalization practices linking education to technological and economic development are increasing, and the curriculum is being re-defined through discourses of privatization, national standards, and global competitiveness. Globalization has reinforced the utilitarian approach to school mathematics and the Western bias in the prevailing mathematics curricula, as well as helped to globalize pervasive mathematical ideologies. In most instances, a newfound status that mathematics is enjoying in this era of globalization is not well deserved, as school mathematics can no longer be considered culturally, socially, politically, nor economically neutral. In particular, school mathematics is increasingly critiqued as a cultural homogenizing force, a critical filter for status, a perpetuator of mistaken illusions of certainty, and an instrument of power. With such concerns it is becoming more evident that mathematics learning and education have implications for building just and democratic societies. As an African female scholar who is now living in Canada, I reflect on what the critical stance might mean for contexts with which I am familiar. I discuss the challenges of school mathematics with a view to improving curriculum and pedagogy so as to raise the awareness of teachers and learners to the questionable assumptions from which mathematics derives its prestige. The mathematics curriculum is central to cultivating values as well as fostering the conscientization of learners.     

数学史的职业教育价值

数学史课程自开设以来,对中学数学及高等数学的研究越来越多,但针对职业教育的研究却非常少。本文从数学史能够凸现数学课程的实用性,有利于学生体会数学创造过程和了解数学的思想方法,开拓学生的思维与创新意识,培育学生积极向上的情感、良好的科学品质、正确的世界观以及完善的人格等角度阐述了数学史在职业教育中的价值。     

Research on mathematics education in China in the last decade: A review of journal articles

This article reviews literatures on mathematics education in China in the last decade. It focuses on papers that were published after 2000, and Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI). Some influential journals in the field of mathematics education, such as the Journal of Mathematics Education and the Mathematics Instruction were also reviewed. The author shares in this article with international scholars the most recent research in the field of Chinese mathematics education. Mathematics education in China mainly focuses on the essence of mathematics classroom instruction, student learning of mathematics, mathematics teacher education, and its curriculum reforms.     

谈服装号型标准及其应用

服装号型标准是服装行业的一项重要基本标准，为服装生产和技术研究提供数据依据。本文介绍了我国GBl335服装号型标准的制定和发展，指出当前我国在服装号型标准应用中存在的问题，提出服装号型标准发展的三点建议。