Learning to use learning resources during medical school and residency.

OBJECTIVES: This study (1) examined the natural history of learning to use learning resources by medical students and residents and (2) considered whether that history is consistent with the ways in which physicians approach their learning tasks. METHODS: The authors conducted and analyzed thirty-two open-ended interviews of first-year and third-year medical students and first-year and senior residents in internal medicine, family medicine, or pediatrics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Learning to use learning resources occurs at the same time as learning done to address instructional and clinical problems that physicians-in-training face, with all kinds of learning following well-documented stages. Skills for using resources are developed gradually and by overcoming barriers such as time constraints and existing habits. CONCLUSIONS: Implications of the natural history of learning to use learning resources can be employed by librarians and medical teachers to facilitate self-directed learning for physicians-in-training. Specific recommendations are provided.     

Tracing the evolution of critical evaluation skills in students' use of the Internet

This paper documents the evolving uses of the Internet made by public health graduate students and traces the development of their search methods and critical evaluative criteria. Early in the first semester and again six months later, twenty-four graduate students in a problem-based learning curriculum, which emphasizes evidence-based critical thinking skills, were required to describe their most helpful resources and to evaluate these resources critically. The answers were coded for the types of resources the students used, how frequently they were used, and why they were used. Student perception of the usefulness of resources, especially the Internet, and ability to evaluate these resources critically changed greatly. Initially, 96% of the students stated that the Internet was their most helpful resource. Six months later, these students continued to use the Internet; however, it was not their most useful source. At the later point, students had very specific uses for the Internet. Their most frequently used evaluation criterion was the reliability and objectivity of the source of the information. By the end of the first year of study, the majority of the students demonstrated an understanding of the principles of evidence-based practice and applied them to their research and analysis of information resources.     

论图书馆与网络信息资源优势互补的切入点

在分析评价网络信息资源自身的弱势和图书馆信息优势的基础上，论述图书馆与网络资源信息服务功能优势互补的切入点。     

Health resources on the Internet: a basic list

With the plethora of health sites on the Internet, it is sometimes hard to know where to start. This is a basic list of health sites that either cover a subject area comprehensively, or are good general sites to lead to more specific information. Most of these sites include both full-text information as well as links to many other sites on the World-Wide Web. Included are medical, nursing, dental, alternative health, consumer health, organization, and government sites.     

Information-seeking behaviour and use of the Internet by French general practitioners: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies deal with the use of computers and the Internet in the health sector. Most of these studies show an increase in the use of the new technologies in searching for medical information-particularly by patients--but these uses remain very heterogeneous and depend on the studies. AIMS: The aim of this work was to consider the use of computers by French general practitioners (GPs) and to analyse the impact that computerization could have on their information-seeking behaviour. METHODS: The nature of the approach used is qualitative using interviews. RESULTS: Most of the GPs interviewed are equipped with a computer. The policies of the government were supposed to give financial incentives for GPs to start using computers for the management of administrative procedures, but many physicians do not know how to use the new tools properly. Their computers are, in most cases, underused for searching for medical information. Most of the time, the Internet sources are thought to be unreliable. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the use of computers and the preferences of GPs in searching for medical information.     

Citation indexes as a tool for building up a repertoire of scientific information resources

The use of citation indexes, such as the impact factor of the Journal Citation Reports, the Scopus SJR (SCImago Journal Rank) and the SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper) indicators, as well as the impact factor of the Russian Scientific Citation Index, is investigated in order to qualitatively assess the content of scientific information resources that are available at the Central Science Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.     

Benchmarking in health care: using the Internet to identify resources

Benchmarking is a quality improvement tool that is increasingly being applied to the health care field and to the libraries within that field. Using mostly resources assessible at no charge through the Internet, a collection of information was compiled on benchmarking and its applications. Sources could be identified in several formats including books, journals and articles, multi-media materials, and organizations.     

Hispanics' use of Internet health information: an exploratory study

Purpose: The research examined use of the Internet to seek health information among Hispanics in the United States.Methods: A secondary analysis used the Impact of the Internet and Advertising on Patients and Physicians, 2000–2001, survey data. Pearson''s χ² test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and independent samples t tests were conducted to test for relationships and differences between facets of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white online health information seeking.Results: Findings indicated lower Internet health information seeking among Hispanics (28.9%, n=72) than non-Hispanic whites (35.6%, n=883). On a scale of 1 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree), Hispanics were likely to agree that Internet health information improves understanding of medical conditions and treatments (M=1.65), gives patients confidence to talk to doctors about health concerns (M=1.67), and helps patients get treatment they would not otherwise receive (M=2.23). Hispanics viewed their skills in assessing Internet health information as good. Overall ratings were also positive for items related to sharing Internet health information with a doctor. Conflicting with these findings, Hispanics (M=3.33) and non-Hispanic whites (M=3.46) reported that physician-patient relationships worsened as a result of bringing online health information to a visit (scale 1=a lot better to 5=a lot worse).Conclusion: This study provides further evidence of differences in Internet health information seeking among Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Cultural discordance may be a possible explanation for Hispanics'' view that the Internet negatively impacts physician-patient relationships. Strategies to increase Hispanics'' access to Internet health information will likely help them become empowered and educated consumers, potentially having a favorable impact on health outcomes.

Highlights

• Consistent with prior studies, a lower proportion of Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites reported using the Internet to seek health information.
• Overall, Hispanics tended to agree that the Internet is a helpful resource for health information.
• Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites reported that bringing Internet health information to doctors'' visits worsened the physician-patient relationship.
• Consistent with prior literature, the odds of seeking Internet health information were decreased for Hispanics with low (<$25,000) and middle ($25,000– $49,000) household incomes.

Implications

• More studies are needed to provide evidence to develop culturally appropriate interventions to examine differences in Internet use and potential digital disparities among Hispanics.
• Concurrent with increasing Hispanics'' use of Internet health information, efforts to address the Internet''s impact on physician-patient relationship are warranted.

     

网上中文社会科学信息资源学科分布初探

为了全面认识网上中文社会科学信息资源的整体水平 ,进一步开发和利用网上中文社会科学信息资源 ,本文通过网站搜索、类目划分、栏目设置三种途径 ,从学科的角度对网上中文社会科学信息资源进行了初步测试与分析 ,描述网上中文社会科学信息资源学科分布的总体特征。最后提出组织与管理网上中文社会科学信息资源的几点建议。     

互联网使用对传统媒体的冲击:从使用与评价切入

本文分析2009年对上海市城市居民所展开的问卷调查数据(n=2,910),比较网民和非网民之间的(1)人口和社会地位特征,(2)媒介使用频率和时间,以及(3)对媒体表现的评价.这项研究涉及"数码沟"、媒体间的竞争或补充关系、媒体评价等理论问题,并从网络媒体对传统媒体的影响这个角度探讨这些问题.结果显示,网民比非网民拥有更多的经济和教育资源,也更年轻;网民与非网民收看电视时间相当,但网民比非网民使用其它传统媒体的频率和时间都高于非网民;网民与非网民对媒体的评价都倾向正面,但网民对网络的评价比非网民更高;网民对网络论坛或博客在体现民众利益和表达民众心声这两方面的评价高于他们对传统媒体在相同方面的评价.这些结果说明,一方面,网络媒体资源的分布体现了社会经济不平等的结构性特征:另一方面,网络媒体的普及也丰富了人们的媒介储备(media repertoire),并通过人们的使用经验而影响他们在评价媒体时所考虑的要素.     

Twitter as a tool for citizen engagement: An empirical study of the Andalusian municipalities

This paper provides a general overview of the way local governments use Twitter as a communication tool to engage with their citizens. More concretely, it tries to identify factors associated with both the channel activity and citizen engagement, to understand the relationship between media type and citizen engagement and to analyse whether different content generated different levels of engagement. A sample of the 29 most populated Andalusian local governments is examined. The results show that the majority of Andalusian local governments have an official corporate Twitter account with certain level of activity. There is no, however, a significant relationship between the population of a municipality and its citizen's engagement, and there is a significant negative relationship between audience and engagement and between activity and engagement. The findings of the study also show the particular media and content types generate higher engagement than others. This paper contributes to the literature on social media and has practical implications for local governments.     

数字资源组织与数据挖掘之间关系探究

本文在比较数字资源组织及数据挖掘基本涵义的基础上，简要概括了二者在基础条件、终极目标等方面的相同点，并深入分析二者在理论基础、目的、侧重点、数据处理过程等方面的不同。     

History of medicine on the Internet: resources for librarians

This paper offers an inventory of resources on the history of medicine on the Internet. Some sites are bibliographic; they supply book and journal citations. Some provide leads (or links) to more specific information, and some include full-text articles or historical essays. Because this material is intended to furnish librarians with reference direction, more attention is given to bibliographic and "linked" sites.     

History of medicine on the Internet: resources for librarians

This paper offers an inventory of Internet resources on the history of medicine. Some sites are bibliographic; they supply book and journal citations. Some provide leads (or links) to more specific information, and some include full-text articles or historical essays. Because this material is intended to furnish librarians with reference direction, more attention is given to bibliographic and "linked" sites. This paper updates a previous version published in Medical Reference Services Quarterly in Spring 1998.     

Information resources for competitive intelligence: An approach to the information available on the European Union's websites

Companies need to use information from multiple sources to improve their competitiveness. Since its beginnings in the 1950s, the European Union has developed a number of instruments for this purpose. This article gives an overview of the information resources that are most important for businesses and that originate from institutions and other bodies of the European Union. It is divided into five parts: European agencies; resources of the Directorate-General (DG) for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship, and SMEs; resources provided by other European Commission DGs & services; Points of Single Contact (PSCs) of the EUGO Network; and other support networks.     

正确认识信息资源的开发利用价值

章就信息资源的开发利用以社会进步和经济发展的诸多影响，进行了分析研究，提出了网络环境下的开发利用策略，并就可行性做了深入探讨。