Peer to peer support: the disappearing work in the doctoral student experience

This paper reflects on the importance of study groups in contributing to a positive postgraduate experience and explores specific concepts, such as ‘disappearing behaviours’ in contrasting the ‘official’ languages of universities with the beneficial behaviours found through study groups. Additionally the paper advocates the systematic inclusion of strategies such as study groups in the postgraduate experience. Funding arrangements and research frameworks for higher education in Australia focus on student progress and completion, as well as comparison of research quality within and between universities. As a result, there is a significant emphasis on timely completion of postgraduate degrees. This paper posits that there is an apparent contradiction between the indicators of success in this area, such as completion rates and annual progress reports and the positive contribution that study groups can make to the doctoral student experience.     

师生互动模式与博士生的知识生产--以M大学化学学科某实验室为例

博士生是知识生产的重要贡献者,在博士生知识生产的过程中,师生合作与互动的影响不可忽视。本文从博士生社会化和学生自我调节的理论出发,以一所"双一流"高校(以下简称M大学)化学学科的某实验室为例,采用案例分析法,并综合运用深度访谈、参与式观察、文献计量等方式进行数据收集,以分析博士生知识生产过程中的师生互动模式对知识生产所带来的影响。研究发现,化学实验室中的知识生产存在不确定性,不同的师生互动关系会带来四种差异化的知识产出结果,且学生的内在动力对于知识生产的结果起着更为关键的作用。     

博士生多元化培养的构想及实现路径 ——基于我国博士生教育质量研究20年的反思

1999年以来,我国博士生招生人数显著攀升,回顾我国博士生教育质量20年的研究,其思想纵向呈现出三个变化趋势:从专注学术取向到关注多元发展,从聚焦在学质量到追求发展质量,从强调显性成果到倡导综合能力。依据这一趋势,当下的博士研究生培养应以立德树人为根基,以科研能力为主干,以服务社会为枝叶。高校要以此为培养标准,树立起多元化培养目标,实现博士生全方位、多维度发展。具体到实践层面,鼓励博士生全面参与学校治理不失为实现博士生多维培养的有效途径,具体应以党建工作提升政治觉悟,以课题参与提升学术水平,以志愿服务厚植奉献情怀,以社会实践推动成果转化。     

理工科博士生科研能力的养成状况及其影响因素研究——基于对我国研究生院高校的调查

现代科学研究的内涵与能力要求发生了重大变化,通过对研究生院高校理工科博士生的调查发现,当前我国博士生不仅在跨学科知识、知识产权知识、国际学术交流能力以及科研管理能力等新型科学能力要求上没有做好准备,而且在批判性思维、提出研究问题能力和学术写作能力等传统核心科学素养上也表现不佳。未来博士生科研能力的培养应重视跨学科课程、导师组与科研项目的建设,开设实用性强的方法技能类选修课程,提高学生参与国内外学术共同体交流的机会,注重发挥高水平导师和重点实验室的博士生培养效能,加强对不同类型博士生的个性化选拔与培养。     

博士生的延期毕业率到底有多高 ——基于2017年全国离校调查数据的实证研究

基于2017年全国博士生离校调查数据进行的实证研究发现:博士生的平均延期率为39.68%,在延期群体中,48.15%的平均延期时间为一年,且延期率和延期时间在不同个体、不同学科及不同院校之间存在不同程度的差异性。进一步的回归分析发现:首先,自然科学中,男性延期概率显著低于女性;入学年龄越大,延期概率越高,延期时间也越长;博士生培养的贯通程度越高,则延期概率越低。其次,与人文学科相比,农学的延期概率显著更高而医学延期率显著更低;入选"一流学科"的博士生延期概率显著更低。第三,在自然科学中,院校层次越高,则博士生延期概率越高,但不同区域间延期率的差异并不显著。根据不同学科"内在规定性"和学科知识生产属性制定合理的培养周期是重要的改革趋势。     

知识生产模式转型背景下博士生培养质量评价

当代博士生培养质量评价是对当代博士生培养活动及其效果优劣程度进行综合评判,它集中体现于博士学位获得者原创性知识贡献评价、学术研究素养评价和对就业市场的适应性评价三个方面。以知识生产模式转型为背景来观照当代博士生培养质量评价,就是强调用知识生产模式转型中的知识创新思想、学术训练要求和博士生对就业市场的适应性标准来评价博士生培养质量,优化博士生培养质量评价模式与机制,使当代博士生培养质量评价的视角、内容、制度等与知识生产模式转型的要求相适应。     

我国高校博士生课程设置的现状及问题分析——基于48所研究生院高校的调查

为深入探讨我国博士生课程设置的现状及问题,对全国48所研究生院8064名在校博士生进行了调查。调查结果显示,学生认为博士课程设置应至少遵循强调研究方法训练、与研究方向相结合以及强调应用知识能力三种取向。然而,现实中博士生课程仍与硕士课程有较多或非常多重复,在选修课的选择范围和研究方法课程量上存在明显不足;课程内容的广度与深度以及前沿知识与跨学科知识比重有待提升;课程设置体现出较大的学校与学科差异。研究认为,应激发博士生主体意识,鼓励博士生参与课程建设;明晰本硕博课程的层次性,提高课程衔接度;适当扩大选修课的选择范围,增加前沿知识与跨学科知识比重,实现不同学校和学科博士课程的横向拓展与纵向深化。     

大学科研服务组织：新知识生产条件下的组织创新

知识认知变迁带来知识生产模式的变迁,大学知识生产逐渐服务化与组织化。大学科研服务组织是大学科研服务组织化阶段的产物,它和传统的基层科研组织有很大的不同,是一个不断创新的组织结构。它以服务为导向、问题为中心,能够基于市场的变化做出快速的反应,在动态边界基础上实现自我创新、是一种新型的知识生产方式。     

Collaborative research for sustainable learning: the case of developing innovation capabilities at Volvo Cars

This paper aims to make a contribution to the stream of literature on action research by describing a longitudinal collaborative research project which evolved out of a long-term, participation partnership with Volvo Cars. The collaboration was aimed at developing innovation capabilities in the company and accumulating knowledge on how capabilities are developed. The paper provides insights into the design of collaborative research projects to enable mutual, sustainable learning. It draws on key notions in the literature on collaborative management research and action learning, highlighting the research design of the project at Volvo Cars and its relations to action learning. The paper describes how the research design opened the way to establishing a learning system at Volvo Cars while simultaneously generating new scientific knowledge within the area of innovation capabilities. The paper provides rich and detailed data on a collaborative research setting and highlights key aspects related to organizing and undertaking collaborative research.     

基于产学研结合平台提升大学生学术科技创新层次的研究

目前,各级政府和各高校正大力推进的产学研合作平台,在此基础上各高校提升大学生课外学术科技创新活动层次必须充分利用和发挥产学研结合这一平台,获取大学生课外学术科技创新活动的新动力,进一步提升大学生学术科技创新活动水平,充分加强开展各项活动的保障力度,从而建立更加科学、更具有可持续发展性的大学生课外学术科技创新活动体系。     

知识生产模式转型驱动下研究型大学改革路径研究

知识的价值边界在知识经济时代被极大地拓展,知识的生产、传递、交换、消费日益成为社会发展的关键动力。而伴随着知识经济、高等教育大众化与普及化、信息技术革命等现代社会的多重特性,知识生产模式正从传统的"模式1"向"模式2"转型。新模式与传统模式具有多重本质性差异,知识范式的转型或将成为以知识为本质属性并兼具知识生产密集性特质的研究型大学结构性变革的外驱力。在转型时代,研究型大学应保持改革的敏锐性、主动性、自觉性与前瞻性,悦纳知识范式转型、积极与弥散性知识生产机构开展互动与合作、基于自身优势建构具有内在独特性的知识生产体系、控制知识生产者的生产过程、改革并完善评价体制机制以驱动知识生产与人才培养等多重职能的整合性发展,从而继续处于社会知识生产体系的中心并对其发挥持续性、根本性影响。     

Stepping out of the classroom: involving teachers in the evaluation of national special education policy

Since Richard Rose relaunched BJSE's Research Section as a forum for the discussion of practitioner research, BJSE has published a series of very successful accounts of individual teacher enquiry and action research. In this article from New Zealand, Roseanna Bourke, now working at the Ministry of Education in Wellington, and her two colleagues, Alison Kearney and Jill Bevan-Brown, both from the Department of Learning and Teaching at Massey University, present an alternative view of the involvement of teachers in research.
In 1999, the Ministry of Education asked a team of researchers from Massey University to evaluate the introduction of New Zealand's first national policy for special education, known as Special Education 2000. The 16-member research team was contracted to provide a three-year, multi-method, longitudinal evaluation incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. This article looks specifically at one aspect of the approach used in the evaluation – the use of teachers as fieldworkers. Teachers across the country were trained as fieldworkers to assist in the collection of data in schools and early childhood centres. Training was given to all teachers on the research aims, methods, ethics, including cultural sensitivity, and rationale for the evaluation. By participating in large-scale research and acting as 'fieldworkers', 68 teachers had the opportunity to develop their skills as researchers, while learning about other schools' perceptions and experiences of the special education policy. The experience provided a means for teachers to become apprenticed into a research culture, and to talk with principals and other teachers about common areas of interest. It also ensured that the research had knowledgeable and credible fieldworkers to collect data in schools.     

新形势下高校农科类学生培养模式探索——基于产学研合作视角

人才培养是教学过程和教学管理的最终目标。加强高等教育产学研合作对于促进学生创新与实践能力提高和人才培养质量提升均具有重要意义。农科类专业是一门理论与实践性都很强的学科。本文阐明了产学研合作与农科类专业学生培养的关系,分析了当前农科类专业学生培养中存在的问题,并提出了可行的解决途径,为产学研合作视角下的农科类专业学生培养提供了参考,以提高农科类专业学生的培养质量。     

对新时期大学生信仰问题的探析

信仰问题是人的精神世界的核心问题,也是制约人生观成熟发展的一个关键因素。面对我国目前信仰状况的严峻形势,作者提出了加强和改进大学生的信仰教育,为大学生确立马克思主义信仰创造良好的历史条件和社会环境。     

博士生为什么延期?——国外博士生毕业时间影响因素研究

20世纪80年代以来,博士生延期毕业问题已经引起各国高等教育学界的关注。博士生毕业时间的影响因素可归纳为个人先赋性、外部环境、个体自致性三个方面。个人先赋性对博士生毕业时间的影响并不显著;学科文化、导师等大学支持系统、社会就业环境等,会间接影响博士生的毕业时间;博士生的个体自致性特征是影响毕业进程的关键因素。外部环境和个体自致性因素的叠加、消减作用,使博士生毕业时间的影响因素呈现出个性化、动态化和交互性的特点。对其内在机理的深入研究,有助于对博士生进行追踪式的个性化指导。     

Analysing the differential impact of the Bologna Process: Theoretical considerations on national conditions for international policy convergence

Although there is a growing interest of policy makers in higher education issues (especially on an international scale), there is still a lack of theoretically well-grounded comparative analyses of higher education policy. Even broadly discussed topics in higher education research like the potential convergence of European higher education systems in the course of the Bologna Process suffer from a thin empirical and comparative basis. This paper aims to deal with these problems by addressing theoretical questions concerning the domestic impact of the Bologna Process and the role national factors play in determining its effects on cross-national policy convergence. It develops a distinct theoretical approach for the systematic and comparative analysis of cross-national policy convergence. In doing so, it relies upon insights from related research areas—namely literature on Europeanization as well as studies dealing with cross-national policy convergence.

新世纪我国贫困大学生心理健康研究的现状、问题与展望

通过对新世纪我国高校贫困生心理健康研究现状的分析,提出存在亟待解决的八个问题:重视的程度不足,给予的关注和研究太少;文化客位影响对贫困大学生心理的研究;研究者偏重于定量的研究,片面追求数据的获得;研究中缺乏系统的心理学理论和心理学实践地结合;缺乏对概念的阐释和规范;研究中误将“普通大学生”作为“贫困大学生”的对照词;忽视了对贫困大学生积极的心理特征的分析和研究;缺乏对研究结论的评价和检测。展望未来,对该问题的研究:不仅要关注贫困大学生心理健康问题本身,更要关注问题的解决;既要关注到贫困对大学生心理健康的危害,又要关注到它对大学生意志的磨练、自立自强个性的养成、责任感的树立的促进作用。     

The opportunities to build on existing expertise in writing classrooms: a study of writing lessons in New Zealand primary schools

The present study investigated 15 Year 4–6 classrooms in two multicultural schools in New Zealand to understand what opportunities students had to draw on their diverse experiences of texts. A mixed-methods approach was taken, including classroom observations and student interviews. Results suggested that lessons were characterised by a consistent format of teacher-led, whole class instruction followed by independent writing. Conversations about prior knowledge typically sought display of taught items. Students saw few links between writing forms in school and texts out of school. The study highlights the role of lesson structure in framing incorporation of prior knowledge in writing lessons.     

高校学生党支部立项活动方式新探索

高校学生党支部立项活动是高校党建工作的重要载体,为了更有效地推进高校学生党支部立项活动,提高立项活动的规划性和实效性,笔者将高校科研立项的管理模式引入党支部立项活动,并从具体做法等方面进行了论述。     

A critical review of some recent developments in quantitative research on gender and achievement in the United Kingdom

Over recent years the findings of a number of quantitative research studies have been published in the UK on gender and achievement. Much of this work has emanated from Stephen Gorard and his colleagues and has not only been highly critical of existing approaches to handling quantitative data but has also suggested a number of alternative and, what they claim to be, more valid ways of measuring differential patterns of achievement and underachievement between groups. This article shows how much of this work has been based upon rather under‐developed measures of achievement and underachievement that tend, in turn, to generate a number of misleading findings that have questionable implications for practice. It will be argued that this body of work provides a useful case study in the problems of quantitative research that fails to engage adequately with the substantive theoretical and empirical literature and considers some of the implications of this for future research in this area.