致力于更加公平的教育:义务教育政策三十年——基于改革开放30年义务教育政策与法制建设的思考

改革开放30年来,具有中国特色的义务教育法律体系初步形成,同时在政策领域,采取了小学升初中免试就近入学、均衡发展政策,针对社会弱势儿童实施了"两免一补"政策、随班就读政策、"两为主"政策等,形成了相对全面的普及和救助政策体系,致力于更加公平的教育是改革开放30年来义务教育政策和法制建设的主旋律。尽管如此,还存在着义务教育发展尚不均衡、弱势儿童的受教育机会尚未得到全面保障等突出问题。为此,要强化政府的义务教育公平责任,建立和完善保护儿童受教育权利的政策和法律机制,实现教育公共服务均等化,以保障每一个儿童都能上好学。     

社会性别视角下的教育机会均等

以社会性别理论视角来考察和分析教育机会均等的问题,发现学生在入学机会、教育过程和教育结果上存在着种种性别不平等现象。要真正实现男女两性的教育机会均等,就必须要进一步完善相关的法律法规,建立各级性别公平化教育的监测机制,重新审视编订学校的教材,培养教师的性别平等意识并掌握相应的教育教学方法和技能,以有效促进性别公平化教育的实施和开展。     

论当前我国义务教育中的"教育公平"

本文对当前我国义务教育中存在的不公平问题进行了分析，并提出了相应的对策。     

我国残疾儿童学前教育权益保护政策探析

残疾儿童学前教育日益成为中国特殊教育事业的一个重要问题,残疾儿童学前教育的实现需要相关政策提供权威保障和实践依据。通过对中国残疾儿童学前教育政策文本的考察,中国残疾儿童学前教育政策从倡导性的\"积极开展\"发展到\"普惠性\"残疾儿童学前教育政策,并在教育机会和教育资源上提供确实保障。     

中国女子学校教育的发展:认识、视野、使命

中国女子学校产生、发展、消亡、复兴的历史,突出地反映了人们对“女子要不要受教育”以及“女子受怎样的教育”这两大焦点问题的探究与实践。人们对女子学校教育的认识不断加深、完整的过程,凸显出妇女观念从外在的、强调功利的工具性取向转变为内在的、张扬女性主体性的价值性取向,标志着人们正从一个封闭的单向思维模式及中与西、传统与现代二元对立的视域向开放的、多元化、理性化的方向发展。伴随着这一发展变化,女子教育发展的使命更加明确。     

教育公平视野下义务教育“择校”问题研究

“择校”是我国义务教育领域的一大热点问题,有“收费择校”“关系择校”和“权利择校”之分,尤其是“收费择校”,教育理论界对此褒贬不一。从教育公平的角度,综合分析各家之言,以期对90年代以来我国择校问题的研究进展有一个相对全面的认识。     

校际落差与义务教育公平

当前校际落差的存在是一个普遍现象 ,但落差的形成既有社会经济与文化发展的地区差异、学校自身差异等客观因素 ,也有教育决策失误和教育资源配置不合理等政策因素。校际落差对教育公平是有危害的 ,应缩小校际落差 ,促进义务教育的均衡发展     

义务教育学校实现教育公平的思考

教育公平是社会公平的基石,是人生公平的支点。实施素质教育就是最大的教育公平,加强学校软实力建设是实施教育公平的基础,努力提高教育质量是实施教育公平的途径,建设健全的教师队伍是实施教育公平的关键,以教育科研引领是实施教育公平的保障。     

Educational Inequality in the Minority Regions of Present Day China and Suggestions for the Government Regarding the Education Policy

Based on the research of new educational inequality in the minority regions of present day China, this article points out the importance of educational equality principle in government’s decision making and suggests that it should give top priority to ethnic minorities when distributing education resources, to develop their compulsory education and broaden their opportunities to enter into postcompulsory education by the “differentiated but equal” principle. Perfect education policies and mechanism and lifelong education system are also pivotal for the attainment of the goal of educational equality. Translated from Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities, 2005:2     

An analysis of the GCE A* grade

The General Certificate of Education (GCE) A* grade was first awarded to students in 2010. It was introduced to assist higher education institutions in differentiating between the highest performing students and to promote and reward greater stretch and challenge. This paper, based on a synthesis of key policy documents, an analysis of quantitative data and a review of existing research, provides an analysis of the GCE A* grade. The paper begins by introducing the historical and political context that led to the introduction of the A* grade, drawing together policy documents and research carried out by the awarding bodies. The paper then presents an analysis of 2011 A-level data, considering the characteristics of students who achieve the grade and addressing concerns around equality and fairness. A further line of evidence concerns public confidence in the new grade, especially in relation to whether it is fulfilling its purposes. The paper concludes by identifying a number of policy lessons for the future of the GCE A* grade. Forthcoming reforms to the A-level will necessitate a reappraisal of the way A* is calculated: this paper will be a useful source of evidence with which to consider the issues.     

受教育机会平等：不同的标准

解决受教育机会平等问题,有两种典型的方案第一,为每个人提供与其能力水平和倾向性相适应的教育;第二,为每个人提供相同的教育。在基础教育阶段,为每个人提供相同的教育,是教育平等的基本要求;而在没有真正实现基础教育平等的时候,在选拔接受高水平的高等教育的时候,应该对不同地区的学生区别对待。     

义务教育均衡发展的社会资本障碍及其政府治理

The balanced development of compulsory education, with a focus on the goal of educational equality, is both a matter of policy orientation and a practical educational issue. At present, people are mostly concerned with the unbalanced state of development of compulsory education, its causes, and issues regarding its administration. Various modes of production, policy choices, and institutional arrangements during different periods have been the practical, historical causes of differences in regional compulsory education, differences between urban and rural areas, and differences between schools. A direct consequence of the unbalanced development of compulsory education has been the emergence of irregularities in school selection. During the process of school selection, the strength of family and school social capital is increasingly influential, and it has increasingly negative effects: circumventing the policy of going to school near home, aggravating differences between families because of family and school social capital, and therefore damaging the prospect of educational equality. On this account, we present a constructive proposal for government policy to reduce the detrimental effects of social capital by means of reasonable policy choices and institutional arrangements. With prerequisite balanced allocation of school resources for compulsory education, the government reduces the role that family and social capital play in school selection and constructs a benignly competitive environment wherein school social capital works to placate social issues aroused by the intervention of the social capital of families and schools in school selection. __________ Translated by Zhang Lin from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2008, (2): 24–32     

促进城乡义务教育均衡化发展路径研究

城乡儿童都必须接受义务教育,都应该享受同等的接受义务教育的权利。长期以来,城市义务教育在办学条件、质量以及教学投入上都明显优于农村义务教育,近年来这种状况依然存在,导致城乡义务教育非均衡化状况越来越严重。这种现象主要是由于中国在发展过程中城市偏向型政策的存在以及义务教育政策执行过程中保障机制不健全等原因导致。为了促进城乡义务教育均衡化发展,保障教育公平,政府必须完善相关政策、制度,并建立义务教育政策执行监督制度等保障措施。     

青海藏区寄宿制学校教育氛围营造——基于教育生态学的思考

基于教育生态学的相关理论,以平衡观、整体观、系统观、动态观等教育生态学之视角,对青海藏区农村义务教育阶段寄宿制学校的现状加以探讨,分析其影响因素并探讨寄宿制学校建设中促进学生德、智、体、美、心理等素质全面发展的有效途径和策略。