The American professoriate and the movement toward unionization

This paper examines the movement away from professionalization and toward unionization by the American professoriate. A content analysis of the bi-annual addresses of the thrity-two past presidents of the American Association of University Professors demonstrates that the approach taken by this organization which has been central in representing the professional interests of the professoriate has been inadequate. The fact that academics are not independent professionals but carry out their research and pedagogical functions in bureaucratic structures makes their quest for autonomy particularly problematic. The traditional stance taken by the leadership of the American Association of University Professors seems to ignore the obstacles, e.g. the distribution of power in organizations, in the path of attaining full professional status. Consequently, the professoriate has not only fallen considerably short of its aspirations and is beset with a number of problems, e.g. continual violations of academic freedom, but increasing numbers have begun looking to labor unions to further their quest for professional status.     

Benchmarking citation measures among the Australian education professoriate

Individual researchers and the organisations for which they work are interested in comparative measures of research performance for a variety of purposes. Such comparisons are facilitated by quantifiable measures that are easily obtained and offer convenience and a sense of objectivity. One popular measure is the journal impact factor, based on citation rates, but it is a measure intended for journals rather than individuals. Moreover, educational research publications are not well represented in the databases most widely used for calculation of citation measures, leading to doubts about the usefulness of such measures in education. Newer measures and data sources offer alternatives that provide wider representation of education research. However, research has shown that citation rates vary according to discipline and that valid comparisons depend upon the availability of discipline-specific benchmarks. This study sought to provide such benchmarks for Australian educational researchers based on analysis of citation measures obtained for the Australian education professoriate.     

Initiating minorities into the professoriate: One school's model

The shortage of minority faculty presence on college and university campuses has been a matter of some concern in recent years. The purpose of this article to describe one college's initiative to address this issue. The West Virginia Graduate College's Minority Faculty Fellowship Program was designed to recruit minority doctoral students who are at the dissertation stage of their program. Appointed as non-tenure track faculty members, fellows are provided with experiences that will help them acclimate to the professoriate. This article describes the program, highlights the institutional benefits, outlines the program's strengths and weaknesses, and makes recommendations for those interested in developing similar programs.John S. Gooden, Ed.D. (University of Massachusetts at Amherst), is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling at Eastern Michigan University. He is a former West Virginia Graduate College Faculty Fellow. His areas of professional expertise include administrative certification, school violence, and educational technology. Paul A. Leary, Ed.D. (University of Massachusetts at Amherst), is a Professor in the Educational Leadership Department at West Virginia Graduate College. His areas of professional interest focus on educational governance, educational policy, and program evaluation. Ronald B. Childress, Ed.D. (The University of Tennessee at Knoxville), is a Professor in the Departments of Elementary Education, Secondary Education, and Educational Leadership at West Virginia Graduate College. His areas of professional expertise include curriculum planning, program evaluation, and program management.     

Scholarly traditions and the role of the professoriate in uncertain times

Significant challenges confront many Westernised institutions of higher education. Financial pressures, the increasing commodification of higher education and the insistent demands of the global marketplace, have changed the configuration of academe. One of the immediate consequences has been that the role of the professoriate has altered through unrelenting pressure to serve the managerial interests of the university rather than the scholarly interests of the field. The new competitive realities of the corporatised university have inevitably and irrevocably changed the role of the contemporary professoriate. What is now required is a defence of the university as a public institution and the advancement of public intellectual inquiry. This is the fundamental challenge for the professoriate in the twenty-first-century university.     

The Latin American professoriate: Progress and prospects

The article describes the traditional image of the Latin American university professor and focuses on the effects that the movement toward a full-time professoriate and other changes have had on the recruitment patterns, morale and scholarly productivity of contemporary academics in Colombia and Argentina.The analysis shows that the attempts to reform the professorial system have been partially successful, but have also produced unintended and unanticipated consequences which must be attended to if the high expectations held for members of the academic profession in Latin America are to be fulfilled.The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Inter-American Development Bank.     

Research psychographics of the nurse professoriate in a Philippine comprehensive University

This two-pronged study seeks to ascertain the research psychographic characteristics of a select group of nurse professoriate (n=37) in a comprehensive university in the Philippines. The quantitative part of the study had an adapted survey questionnaire, which profiled the demographic and psychographic characteristics of the respondents. Defining the qualitative aspect of the inquiry was an in-depth interview with five (5) of the respondents chosen purposively to triangulate the data yielded by the questionnaire. Data were treated statistically and interpretively to describe the phenomenon under inquiry. It is interesting to note that while the nurse professoriate had shown a positive attitude towards research, variables such as time constraints, lack of research knowledge, research support structure and motivation hinder them from doing research activities. Implications of the study to reculturing, restructuring and reformulating efforts in research are also discussed.     

Globalization and higher education in Southern California: views from the professoriate

In this study, faculty at institutions of higher education in Southern California were surveyed to determine the ways they interpret the effects of globalization dynamics upon their various teaching and research activities. Faculty in the state’s three higher education tiers spoke positively about the intellectual benefits to be gained by exposure to different worldviews made possible by an increasingly diverse faculty and student body. Divisions were noted among the different tiers, however, with respect to their disparate levels of engagement with the private sector. The private sector was seen as having a negative impact upon the public sector’s research agenda while simultaneously being embraced by faculty at the community colleges. Faculty at the research institutions were typically critical of the overarching neoliberal paradigm and spoke in political terms about the ways this largely economic‐efficiency model was reorienting their teaching and research roles.     

Mentorship and the socialization of underrepresented minorities into the professoriate: examining varied influences

This study examines the mentoring component of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation’s (CIC) Summer Research Opportunity Program (SROP). The national initiative, implemented on various campuses throughout the United States, seeks to establish a diverse faculty by encouraging the enrollment and completion rates of minority doctoral candidates. Results from interviews with former and current undergraduate student participants suggest that mentorship influences the individual, interpersonal, extra‐programmatic, and to a lesser extent, collective realms of protégé experiences. Study results emphasize the importance of faculty‐directed mentorship in preparing students of color for both graduate education and entrance into the professoriate.     

功能学派琐谈

本文简要论述了功能学派对人类学派、历史学派的批评以及结构主义对功能学派的看法，以神话研究为例简谈功能学派的研究方法，对功能学派的历史价值略作评述。     

Navigating marginality en route to the professoriate: graduate students of color learning and living in academia

The author contends that marginalization is a major issue for graduate students of color in their doctoral studies. She explains three forms of marginalization, and suggests some strategies for how each can be counteracted. These are physical, cultural and intellectual isolation, benign neglect and problematic popularity. Her analyses are informed by insights gleaned from her personal experiences as a student and professor of color in predominantly White institutions (PWIs), her observations and interactions with graduate students of color as an instructor and doctoral studies advisor, and from the research and scholarship of other scholars. The author makes an appeal for professors of color and their European American colleagues to make their curriculum, instruction advising, mentoring and relationships more culturally responsive to ethnically, racially and linguistically diverse students. By doing so they can teach these students more effectively how to navigate the marginality they encounter en route to the professoriate, and how to be more successful in executing their roles and responsibilities as professors of color.     

吐谷浑佛教论考

吐谷浑在南北朝时期，在南朝与西域、凉州的佛教文化交流中曾起过重要的作用，吐谷浑佛教对研究中古中国佛教的传播及源流具有一定的意义。吐谷浑拾寅在位期间，其境内佛教已很流行，初信佛教的时间似可上溯，十三王度易侯至十八王夸吕时期，佛教得到长足的发展，造寺、求经像等的记载多在这一时期。益州在吐谷浑佛教传播过程中起过重要的作用。吐谷浑佛教主要源自南朝，另一来源就是西域。     

Notes on the English Character

<正>First note. I had better let the cat out of the bag at once and record my opinion that the character of the English is essentially middle class. There is a sound historical reason for this, for, since the end of the eighteenth century,the middle classes have been the dominant force in our community. They gained wealth by the Industrial Revolution, political power by the Reform Bill of 1832; they are connected with the rise and organization of the British Empire; they are responsible for...     

关于矢量与笛卡尔矢量的几点注记

讨论了矢量、自由矢量、笛卡尔矢量的定义与表示,以及矢量与其分量的关系。     

日本教育考察札记

本文主要介绍了在日本进行教育考察时的所见所问。民主教学原则的充分体现，以培养21世纪国际社会需要的日本人为基本观点，做到了真正发挥学生的个性，提供了发展学生个性、特长的广阔空间。日本基础教育的一个突出特征是：为国民提供机会元均等、质量优良的义务教育。针对残疾儿童（包括身体、心理不健全者）的各类特色教育，是体现国在人施教、因材施教的极好做法。为提高和确保教师的高素质，日本有着一套严格的教师遴选和培训制度。