Biochemical diagnosis of alcoholism

Medically diagnosed alcoholics can be differentiated reliably from non-alcoholics using clinically laboratory tests. In the present study, patients with liver diseases either due to alcohol or without alcohol compared with a group of normal healthy persons. Heavy drinkers showed significantly lower body weight and percent body fat, and low BMI compared with other groups. The percentage of hemoglobin and total number of RBC were found to be significantly decreased, whereas mean corpuscular volume (MCV) significantly increased in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Hyperbilirubinemia, hyperuricemia and hypoalbuminemia correlate with alcohol intake. Albumin/globulin ratio significantly decreased in ALD. In acute liver injury AST/ALT ratio is ≤1.0, whereas in alcoholic hepatitis it is always >1.0. Moderately elevated level of ALP and high GGT values are good discriminator of alcoholic patients. Alcohol-induced liver injury is linked to oxidative stress as observed by decreased level of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid, and increased level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.     

Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease

It is important that clinicians and laboratorians, including clinical chemists and pathologists, recognize and understand the clinical significance of abnormal liver function tests. The liver regulates many important metabolic functions. Hepatic injury is associated with distortion of these metabolic functions. Hepatic disease can be evaluated and diagnosed by determining serum concentrations of a number of serum analytes. Many serum analytes exist to assist in the biochemical diagnosis of liver disease. The focus of this paper is on the analytes which are associated with hepatic necrosis, cholestasis, defects in excretion and end stage hepatic disease which results in decreased synthetic function. The abnormalities of these serum analytes will be correlated with the important types of liver disease.     

Biochemical markers of myocardial injury

The serum markers of myocardial injury are used to help in establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The older markers like aspartate amino-transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. lost their utility due to lack of specificity and limited sensitivities. Among the currently available markers cardiac troponins are the most widely used due to their improved sensitivity specificity, efficiency and low turn around time. Studies have shown that cardiac troponins should replace CKMB as the diagnostic ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of myocardial injury. The combination of myoglobin with cardiac troponins has further improved the accuracy in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes and thereby reducing the hospital stay and patients' money. Among the other new markers of early detection of myocardial damage, heart fatty acid binding protein, glycogen phosphorylase BB and myoglobin/carbonic anhydrase III ratio seem to be the most promising. But the search for the most ideal marker of myocardial injury is still on.     

产电微生物及其生理生化特性

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种具有开发前景的绿色可再生能源利用技术,而产电微生物是MFC的功能之源.探明产电微生物的种类分布、生长特性、代谢特性和产电机理,将有助于MFC的研发.在收集文献报道的产电微生物的基础上,探讨了产电微生物的营养需要、生长条件、生长速率、电子释放及其跨膜传递机制.     

对医学本科生开展综合性生化实验的探索和体会

探讨综合性实验在生化实验中的效果。通过对2008级医学本科生开设综合性实验血清蛋白的盐析及清/球比值的测定后,对其教学效果进行问卷调查。结果表明大部分学生认为综合性生化实验能巩固课堂理论知识,提高综合实验能力、科学思维能力,增强团队协作意识。综合性实验是生物化学实验重要的组成部分。     

对医学本科生开展综合性生化实验的探索和体会

探讨综合性实验在生化实验中的效果。通过对2008级医学本科生开设综合性实验＂血清蛋白的盐析及清/球比值的测定＂后,对其教学效果进行问卷调查。结果表明大部分学生认为综合性生化实验能巩固课堂理论知识,提高综合实验能力、科学思维能力,增强团队协作意识。综合性实验是生物化学实验重要的组成部分。     

老年痴呆相关蛋白靶标结构与功能关系的分子动力学模拟

主要运用常规和拉伸分子动力学模拟方法,研究β-淀粉样多肽的构象变化过程、乙酰胆碱酯酶和其抑制剂石杉碱甲的结合与解离过程,以及烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的离子门控构象变化过程,从而为老年痴呆症的病变机理,阐述和设计发现新的抗老年痴呆药物提供线索.     

AD7715在生化分析仪中的应用

介绍了∑-Δ模/数转换芯片AD7715的优点和在生化分析仪中的应用。设计了AD7715与单片机间的接口电路和数据采集程序。应用实例实现了高精度的生化检测分析。     

热敏微型打印机在医院生化分析仪中的应用

本文以WH153PA热敏微型打印机在医院生化分析仪中的应用为实例,设计了与C8051F120单片机间的硬件接口电路。通过修改C51函数库中的putchar()函数,从而实现打印输出程序设计的简化。对于数据、汉字和曲线的打印输出,分别提出了具体的程序设计方法。对其它型号微型打印机的应用具有参考价值。     

Serial composition of human milk in preterm and term mothers

Human milk samples were collected from 86 mothers induced in the study on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 of lactation. The mothers were divided into three groups on the basis of gestation viz. group 1: 37–41 weeks (n=41), group II: 33–36 (n=23) and group III: <33 weeks gestation (n=22). All the samples were analysed for the estimation of fat, lactose and protein. The results obtained from the investigations were statistically analysed. The analysis of the results revealed a lower amount of fat and lactose in preterm milk as compared to term milk (p<0.01). These were found to increase in amount with increasing postnatal age (p<0.05). The protein levels were observed to be significantly higher in preterm than term milk (p<0.01). These were observed to decrease significantly with increase in postnatal age (p<0.01).