Effect of soy proteins Vs soy isoflavones on lipid profile in postmenopausal women

Soy isoflavones and soy proteins are being considered as possible alternatives to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. This study was undertaken to evaluate effects of these two preparations on symptoms and lipid profile in postmenopausal women. The study was done in 75 postmenopausal women with FSH levels = 30 mIU/ml. These women were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=25). Study group I was given soy proteins 30gm/day containing 60 mg soy isoflavones. Study group II was given soy isoflavones (60 mg/day). The control group was given casein protein 30 gm/day. The menopausal symptoms were assessed by Kupperman Index. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum lipid profile, apolipoprotein A1 and B, Leutenizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) at the beginning of therapy, 4 and 12 weeks after initiation of therapy. A highly significant improvement in postmenopausal symptoms was observed in both the study groups. A highly significant improvement was seen in serum lipid profile and Apolipoprotein A1 and B in women taking soy proteins whereas women taking soy isoflavones demonstrated significant improvement in serum triglycerides only. Both soy proteins and soy isoflavones are helpful in alleviating postmenopausal symptoms but soy proteins offer a greater health advantage due to their beneficial effect on serum lipid profile.     

绍鸭增重蛋白质需要量的研究

采用分组饲养试验、氮平衡试验和屠宰试验等方法,测定生长期绍鸭不同周龄（０－４、５－８、９－１６、１７－２０）阶段、不同粗蛋白水平的等能日粮对氮利用率、日增重的影响。用析因法推测单位增重及羽毛生长的蛋白质需要。结果为：（１）氮利用率受日粮蛋白质水平的影响,蛋白质水平越高,氮留率越低,但这种影响不显著。氮存留率与周有一定的相关性,０－８周的存留率显著高于９－１６周;（２）０－４周增重速度最快,且受日粮食蛋白质水平的影响显著,蛋白质越高,增重越快,５－８周增重有所减慢,９周后增重显著减慢,２０周后体重变经不大;（３）单位增重的氮需要量随周龄增加而增大,增重效率随周龄增加而减少,０－４周为５０mg/g,４６．３％;４－８周为１００mg/g,２６．０％;８周以后为１４０mg/g,２０．５％。     

菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)对放射性钴的吸收与积累动态

研究了＾Ｃ６０在菜豆－土壤系统中的迁移,消长与分配动态。结果表明：（１）＾６０Ｃｏ由表土进入系统后即在系统中发生迁移,菜豆主要经根吸收＾６０Ｃｏ,然后向其各部位转移和分配。根中＾６０Ｃｏ放射活度显著高于植株其它部位。（２）土壤中＾６０Ｃｏ活度由表层至底层呈单项指数负相关。９０％以上集中表层６ｃｍ之内。（３）＾６０Ｃｏ在菜豆－土壤系统中活度的动态变化规律由多项指数描述。     

Effect of induced protein malnutrition and subsequent rehabilitation on the biochemical profile of pancreas of rats

A condition of malnutrition was induced in rats during post weaning stage, by feeding rats with diet containing low protein and high carbohydrate viz. diet with 25% protein [Group I-control rats]. diet with 9% protein [Group II-moderately malnourished] and diet with 6% protein [Group III-severely malnourished]. The rats were sacrified on 21st day. 35th day.42nd day and 90th day. As compared to control rats, somatic weight and pancreatic weight of group II rats was 55 to 80% and 50 to 80% while group III rats were only 50 to 70% and 30 to 40%, respectively. A decrease in cell number, as well as, cell size was evident in malnourished rats from their DNA[10 to 20% of control] and protein [20 to 70% of control] content.. At adulthood, activity of trypsin declined and was 86 and 64% of controls respectively, in groups II and III, while amylase and lipase activities registered a rise at 35 d followed by a decline there after. Malnourished rats were fed the 25% protein diet for 2 weeks after each period of malnutrition, inorder to see the extent of recovery subsequent to induction of a state of malnutrition. Recovery of somatic weight and weight of the pancreas were maximum when the duration of malnutrition was short i.e. following 35 days, recovery being more in group III than group II. Recovery of DNA and protein content was independent of each other. In malnourished rats trypsin activity increased, amylase activity showed a decline, and lipase activity did not respond to the nutritional rehabilitation.     

Effect of ethanol on liver antioxidant defense systems: Adose dependent study

Alcohol induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol. In this study it has been observed that administration of ethanol in lower concentration caused gain in body and liver weight. while higher concentration of ethanol caused lesser gain in body and liver weight. Ethanol treatment enhanced lipid peroxidation significantly, depletion in levels of hepatic glutathione and ascorbate, accompanied by a decline in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and increased in hepatic glutathione s-transferase activity. Interestingly catalase activity increases in lower concentration of ethanol exposure, and decreased in higher concentration. Superoxide dismutase activity was also increased on ethanol exposure. But, ethanol feeding did not show any effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Ethanol ingestion perturbs the antioxidant system in a dose and time dependent manner.     

Microfluidic immunomagnetic cell separation using integrated permanent micromagnets

In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility to trap and sort labeled cells under flow conditions using a microfluidic device with an integrated flat micro-patterned hard magnetic film. The proposed technique is illustrated using a cell suspension containing a mixture of Jurkat cells and HEK (Human Embryonic Kidney) 293 cells. Prior to sorting experiments, the Jurkat cells were specifically labeled with immunomagnetic nanoparticles, while the HEK 293 cells were unlabeled. Droplet-based experiments demonstrated that the Jurkat cells were attracted to regions of maximum stray field flux density while the HEK 293 cells settled in random positions. When the mixture was passed through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel containing integrated micromagnets, the labeled Jurkat cells were selectively trapped under fluid flow, while the HEK cells were eluted towards the device outlet. Increasing the flow rate produced a second eluate much enriched in Jurkat cells, as revealed by flow cytometry. The separation efficiency of this biocompatible, compact micro-fluidic separation chamber was compared with that obtained using two commercial magnetic cell separation kits.     

S-35-glutathione preparation from yeast and tracer studies in cancerous and non-cancerous rats

S³⁵-labeled glutathione has been synthesized biologically by yeast grown in a medium containing S³⁵ in the form of sulfate.S³⁵ from the labeled glutathione administered to normal rats or to rats with Walker carcinoma No. 256 was found in both the protein and the glutathione of the tissues. The concentration of S³⁵ in the sulfur of the glutathione isolated was several times greater than in the protein sulfur of the same tissue.The degree of uptake of S³⁵ was very nearly equal in like tissues of the normal and of the tumor-bearing rats. The degree of uptake in tumor was about the same as in liver but considerably less than in intestinal mucosa.     

基于居民膳食结构演变的中国粮食需求量研究

利用"粮食转化率"概念将居民消耗的主要食品转化为原粮,并利用实际调查数据对官方的城乡居民食品消耗数据进行了订正。结果发现,2012年中国居民人均粮食消耗量为327.5kg,高出统计数据20.8kg。至2030年,中国口粮消费量将持续减少,但减少速度会逐步放缓,尤其是城镇居民,原粮消费会维持在105kg左右的水平上,农村居民口粮的消费水平将达到120kg左右,全国居民平均水平将下降到110.3kg。禽类、水产品、奶类的消费品将会明显增长,牛羊肉的增长比例也在50%以上。2030年中国居民人均粮食消费量会达到386.5kg,较2012年增长18.0%。如果纳入工业用粮、损失浪费用粮、种子用粮,2030年中国居民人均粮食需求将会超过517.3kg,如果再纳入政策性收购量与出口量,那么2030年中国居民人均粮食需求总量为551.4kg。为保障粮食安全,中国必须持续重视农业基础设施建设,提高农业整体产出水平;农业生产结构也需要向畜牧业倾斜;同时要减少损耗与浪费,提高食物的二次利用水平。     

应用ICP分析元明塔处理绿豆营养元素变化

无土、无营养、无光照情况下,在烧杯内用蒸馏水培育豆芽。试验表明元明塔干 种子培育的豆芽产量比对照高３．４％,因生成二氧化碳及乙烯气体失重率为２５．５４％,元明塔三元能量处理后干物质增重率为２％。通过等离子是感耦合发射光谱（ＩＣＰ）分析元明塔处理的种子、芽、种子、溶出物的主要元素与对照都存在着显著差异。这说明三种能量对绿豆生长的影响是全面而深入的。     

再生粗骨料对混凝土力学性能的影响及改善措施

再生混凝土因性能稳定性低于普通混凝土而一直无法得到广泛运用。为解决再生混凝土性能变异明显等问题,提高其力剖强度,实现再生混凝土的质量控制。通过添加工业废渣或细纤维的方式,并根据坍落度、抗压强度和抗弯拉强度等指标,对再生混凝土的物理力学挂能进行评价,同时探讨再生混凝土的性能改善措施。结果表明：在再生粗骨料替代率较高的情况下,通过添加一定量的粉煤灰和细纤维可以有效提高再生混凝土的工作性以及密实度：同时在再生骨料替换率不超过2％时,采用双掺法可使再生混凝土的抗压强度和抗弯拉强度与普通混凝土相当。     

OK computer: Worker perceptions of algorithmic recruitment

We provide evidence on how workers on an online platform perceive algorithmic versus human recruitment through two incentivized experiments designed to elicit willingness to pay for human or algorithmic evaluation. In particular, we test how information on workers’ performance affects their recruiter choice and whether the algorithmic recruiter is perceived as more or less gender-biased than the human one. We find that workers do perceive human and algorithmic evaluation differently, even though both recruiters are given the same inputs in our controlled setting. Specifically, human recruiters are perceived to be more error-prone evaluators and place more weight on personal characteristics, whereas algorithmic recruiters are seen as placing more weight on task performance. Consistent with these perceptions, workers with good task performance relative to others prefer algorithmic evaluation, whereas those with lower task performance prefer human evaluation. We also find suggestive evidence that perceived differences in gender bias drive preferences for human versus algorithmic recruitment.     

风选后叶丝贮存时间与其叶丝质量的关系

为考察风选后不同的叶丝贮存时间对其叶丝质量的影响,我们采用了完全随机化单因素试验设计。结果表明：风选后的叶丝贮存时间在4h左右,叶丝综合质量较好。叶丝整丝率为87％,叶丝碎丝率为1．63％,叶丝含水率为13．01％,叶丝填充值为4．493cm^3／g,。对在贮存柜里贮存4小时左右的叶丝,在其出口取样测试的叶丝质量与试验放置4小时左右的叶丝质量基本相同。总体来看,叶丝质量明显改善。     

中国奶品行业的国际竞争力与技术含量的比较

计算了10个经济体在鲜奶和奶制品方面的国际市场占有率、RCA和贸易竞争力指数。综合考虑上述三项指标可以发现,中国在鲜奶产品上具有一定的竞争力,但中国在奶制品方面一直没有取得竞争优势。而对奶业产品的技术高度指数计算结果表明,中国在鲜奶产品上的技术高度指数都保持在10以上,要明显高于东盟、日本、韩国、印度、阿根廷和GCC等其他经济体,但明显低于欧盟、新西兰和澳大利亚。奶制品方面,中国、东盟、印度和GCC等经济体技术复杂度从2001年起出现了一定程度的提高,但一直停留在低水平,而且四经济体在奶制品方面的技术复杂度指数非常接近,中国与四经济体在奶制品上的竞争大于互补。     

Term discrimination for text search tasks derived from negative binomial distribution

Accurate term discrimination in information retrieval is essential for identifying important terms in specific documents. In addition to the widely known inverse document frequency (IDF) method, alternative approaches such as the residual inverse document frequency (RIDF) scheme have been introduced for term discrimination. However, existing methods' performance is not unconditionally convincing. We propose a new collection frequency weighting scheme derived from the negative binomial distribution model of term occurrences. Factorial experiments were performed to examine potential interaction effect between collection frequency weight methods and term frequency weight methods according to the mean average precision and normalized discounted cumulative gain performance assessors. The results indicate that our proposed term discrimination method offers a significant gain in accuracy as compared to the IDF and RIDF scheme. This finding is reinforced by the fact that the results show no interaction effects among factors.     

关于桑蚕(Bombyx mori L.)对人工饲料摄食性的研究Ⅱ.饲料的简易化制作和同一蚕品种对人工饲料摄食性的个体差异

为解决人工饲料育蚕发育不齐问题 ,就饲料的不同调制方法对桑蚕幼虫发育的影响以及同一蚕品种个体间的差异进行了研究 .结果发现 :1)在饲料制作上必须进行蒸煮灭菌 ,微波炉加热灭菌与蒸煮的效果相近 ,不经加热杀菌简易化制作的效果都不理想 ;2 )同一蚕品种个体间对人工饲料的摄食性存在差异 .对桑叶粉及蔗糖等摄食促进物质的感受性 ,高食性蚕比低食性蚕敏感 ;而对豆粕粉中摄食阻碍物质的感受性 ,低食性蚕比高食性蚕敏感 .研究认为 ,要提高人工饲料育蚕的群体摄食性和发育整齐度 ,应尽量消除饲料中的摄食阻碍物质或选育出对摄食阻碍物质具适应性的蚕品种     

Serum PCT and its Relation to Body Weight Gain in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The present study was aimed at assessing alterations in serum PCT in terms of its relation to body weight gain in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients undergoing treatment. Among patients (25–75 years) diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, those that were new smear positive, showed sputum conversion at the end of 2 months and were declared clinically cured at the end of 6 months, were included in the study (n = 40). Serum procalcitonin was determined by BRAHMS PCT-Q kit. Patients were divided into two study groups—Group 1 (n = 21; serum PCT > 2 ng/ml at diagnosis), Group 2 (n = 19; serum PCT > 10 ng/ml at diagnosis). Body weights of all patients were obtained at three different time points, PTB-0 (at diagnosis), PTB-2 (after 2 months of intensive treatment) and PTB-6 (after 6 months of treatment). In both groups, mean body weights at PTB-2 and PTB-6 were significantly higher than those at PTB-0 and at PTB-6 were significantly higher than those at PTB-2. However, percentage body weight gain following 2 months of intensive treatment was higher in group 1 (4.05 % gain, p < 0.01) than in group 2 (2.75 % body weight gain, p < 0.05). Thus, the percentage gain in group 1 was tending more towards the desirable minimum gain of 5 % during intensive phase. Increase in serum PCT levels in pulmonary tuberculosis is inversely associated with body weight gain during treatment. Thus, PCT could play a role in regulation of body weight gain in anorectic conditions like tuberculosis.     

Serum and platelet sialic acid in acute myocardial infarction

Blood samples from 39 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 15 healthy controls were analysed for serum and platelet sialic acid. Serum sialic acid levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction were significantly higher than controls (mean 2.7±0.46 μmol/ml Vs. 1.91±0.17 μmol/ml respectively). Levels of serum orosomucoid, an acute phase reactant, containing sialic acid, were also higher in these patients, suggesting a possible non-specific mechanism of increase in serum sialic acid concentration. In contrast, platelets contained significantly less sialic acid in patients with acute myocardial infarction than control (26.73±1.57 nmol/mg protein and 31.97±2.68 nmol/mg protein respectively).     

草食畜牧业乳肉功能性产品发展的战略思考

我国畜牧业历经40余年快速增长,科技创新要素和全面小康社会新发展理念"双轮驱动"畜牧业步入由数量规模型向质量安全型转型发展的新阶段。发展动物功能性产品是畜牧业转型升级和高质量发展的重要突破口。文章在分析国内畜牧业行业和国内外草食畜牧业功能性动物产品发展现状的基础上,剖析了我国草食畜牧业乳肉功能性产品研究的前沿科学和技术问题,同时围绕生物技术(遗传改良与生物合成)和非生物技术(饲养管理)对目前草食家畜乳肉功能性产品研发方面的实践探索做了简要介绍;以期在国家相关产业发展战略层面,针对不同生态区域特点和消费需求,加大草食畜牧业高质量转型和乳肉功能性产品研发与产业化的支持力度,不断夯实草食畜牧业乳肉功能性产品调控理论和技术。唯如此则对于引导草食畜牧业可持续发展和消费者健康膳食,以及我国畜牧业新发展格局形成具有重要的战略意义。     

Serial composition of human milk in preterm and term mothers

Human milk samples were collected from 86 mothers induced in the study on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 of lactation. The mothers were divided into three groups on the basis of gestation viz. group 1: 37–41 weeks (n=41), group II: 33–36 (n=23) and group III: <33 weeks gestation (n=22). All the samples were analysed for the estimation of fat, lactose and protein. The results obtained from the investigations were statistically analysed. The analysis of the results revealed a lower amount of fat and lactose in preterm milk as compared to term milk (p<0.01). These were found to increase in amount with increasing postnatal age (p<0.05). The protein levels were observed to be significantly higher in preterm than term milk (p<0.01). These were observed to decrease significantly with increase in postnatal age (p<0.01).     

阴山北麓地区种植业产值与畜牧业产值变化关系初探——以武川县为例

阴山北麓是典型的农牧交错地区，畜牧业以草食动物放牧或半舍饲为主，耗粮型全舍饲畜牧业比重较小。种植业产值与畜牧业产值关系从长期来看是存在必然的相互促进的正相关关系，但在大多数年份，如果当年种值业产值较前年增加的幅度小于0.73倍时，种植业产值的变化与当年畜牧业产值的变化的关系呈负相关和短期的反向变化。种植业产量增幅的不同也会使畜牧业有不同的波动，但总体上畜牧业产值波动较小。本文从分析这些规律出发，探讨发生这些现象的原因，通过与牧区和内地农区的比较，提出了应从发展畜牧业和增加开放度、推广资源优化配置的北繁南育和易地育肥模式、实现饲料多元化3个方面来提高农牧交错带畜牧业发展稳定性的相应对策建议。