史官参政：恽毓鼎的经济思想探析

恽毓鼎的经济思想大要有二：一是开源节流。开源主要体现为倡修铁路、开矿及重林兴农,节流包括挽回利权、裁冗节费。二是恤民护商。恤民主要是反对苛征、扰民及倡赈济等,而护商则为裁厘加税、倡设公司及维持市面等。作为一个思想者（非实践者）,恽毓鼎之所以引起我们的关注,并非由于他是以思想的先进而见长,而是他以史官的身份、以奏请的形式,对清末新政所产生的影响。恽毓鼎所代表的参政阶层与当政阶层及民间阶层一起,构成了一个完整的链条,这将有助于我们全面认知清末那个时代的原生形态。     

杨毓麟的交通思想述评

杨毓麟作为资产阶级革命派分子,他的交通思想在当时颇具有代表性.其中心认识之一是拒外债,主要动因是我国无偿还能力,外债因政府不负责任、人民有失监督而危险异常,以及铁路等交通业是列强侵华的工具、先导;之二是倡商办,反对官办、官督商办、绅办.在今天看来,由于内资匮乏,借外债筑路乃不争之必然,对此问题,不存在借与不借的问题,而是借多借少的度的问题;就官办与商办而言,双方各有自己的资源优势,皆非十全十美之举,比较务实的手法便是,使两种制度由对立而相容,适合商办者商办,适合官办者官办,或者官督商办,亦未为非可.官办 商办,官商合作,是中国经济近代化的必由之路.总之,杨毓麟的交通思想中之两大中心点拒外债、倡商办,乃非理性的认识,并不符合当时中国的实际需要.但是,这一主张并非杨毓麟所独有,也非革命派的一家之言,而是包括立宪派在内的民间舆论的共识、共同诉求,这充分显现了失控了的清末我国社会之非理性特征.     

马克思的股份制理论研究

单个资本数量有限与生产资本最低额不断提高的矛盾是股份制产生的直接原因。股份制为经济发展迅速筹集大量资本 ,有利于吸收和培养优秀经理人才 ,促进了社会生产力的发展 ,但也具有产生食利者阶层 ,助长投机欺诈活动等消极作用     

郭嵩焘任广东巡抚期间之思想

对清末政府要员郭嵩焘任广东巡抚时期一些原始资料的考察,分析他当政期间对广东政治、经济、军事等社会各方面的思想认识。     

梁士诒与清末铁路

梁士诒作为清末邮传部下辖的铁路总局局长,极大地推动了当时我国的铁路发展,其表现一是完善行政管理及推动筑路建设,二是发展铁路营运,三是致力于铁路利权回收。梁士诒作为执政集团成员致力于铁路发展,且功效卓著,这充分说明清末当政者对实业问题的关注。学界只重视、肯定民间实业,乃"商办情结"在作祟,及政治史范式的制约,并不足取。     

论陈璧的经济思想与实践

陈璧作为清末思想性与实践性相结合的平衡型人物、中央政府的重要官员,其经济思想集中体现在三个方面:一、体恤商艰。他制订有利于当商、钱商的经济政策,取缔官方勒费的陋规,倡导官助商办,努力营造良好的金融秩序。二、重工、重农。重工思想主要是倡办工艺局,教导女工倡办纺织;重农思想集中体现为创办农务学堂。三、整顿铜币。陈璧于光绪三十二年受命出都考察各地铜币厂,在此基础上制订“划一章程十六条”,酌量归并各厂,确定铸造铜币的数目,主旨是解决各省“多铸争销之弊”。整顿铜币之余,陈璧还主张加强对与铜币紧密关联的银币、纸币等的监督管理。总之,陈璧的经济思想最集中地体现在上述三个方面,其中体恤商艰思想反映了他顺应时代潮流的改革派特征,重工、重农思想折射出其务实、进取特征,而整顿铜币则流露出加强中央集权的倾向性。     

宋教仁的均势外债观述评

宋教仁的均势外债思想中有三个中心环节:一、均势--力避外债亡国的钥匙.二、联美制日--推行均势外债思想的方策.三、限制用途、强化管理--实现均势外债效用的根本.宋教仁有关外债的文著之中,固然有宣传反清的意图,但其基本思路应该说是理性的,富于现实可行性.这既与清末社会整个舆论氛围--外债妖魔化、"商办情结"等有相当大的差异,亦与资产阶级革命派其他精英如杨毓麟等借拒外债而斥清廷多有不同.前者彰显的是理性,后者则折射出宋教仁不因反清、"反满"而牺牲国家,置国家利益于党派利益之上,联系到他对间岛等诸多问题的关注而落脚点并不局于反清,及与张之洞等清廷要员在均势外债方面的共识等,则其思想的超前、先进,当无疑问.宋教仁有别于孙中山,此乃重要区异.     

清末广东:文化资本的更新与教育场域的回应

传统文化资本格局在鸦片战争前后遭遇到冲击.从广东这个教育场域来看,这一冲击引发了处于社会底层的农工商群体,继而是士大夫阶层,以及督抚官员在新旧教育取向上的自我分化,终于形成了清末广东教育发展新旧并存的格局.     

论清末十年山东实业学堂的兴办者

清末山东实业学堂的兴办者可分为官方和民间。官方为山东实业学堂筹集经费,并兴办实业学堂。民间不同阶层投身于实业学堂的兴办。作为兴办者,他们为山东实业教育的发展做出了重要贡献。     

中国社会分层与高等教育公平之间的关系

社会公平是近些年来的一个热点话题,高等教育公平也是备受争议,本文从社会分层的角度探讨了不同阶层子女在高校选择类型、专业,以及家庭资本与经济资本对子女接受高等教育机会影响这三方面的问题。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.