Science and Values in Undergraduate Education

Science & Education - While a conception of science as value free has been dominant since Max Weber defended it in the nineteenth century, recent years have witnessed an emerging consensus that...     

论理科课堂中的价值教育

重视理科教学中情感、态度与价值观的培养已成为世界理科教学改革的重要走向。新课程提出的情感、态度与价值观目标在价值教育中被称为价值目标。理科课堂中的价值教育是指在理科教学活动中,通过教授内容或学习活动的方式,达成情感、态度与价值观目标的教学活动。课堂中试图达成的价值目标将内化为学生的科学精神,是学生从事理科学习及日后从事科学研究而应遵循或具有的"正当性原则",是个体科学素养的重要组成部分。     

高校图书馆馆员继续教育的探讨

继续教育的内容应随着教育目标的重新定位而加以调整。当前 ,在进行图书馆学专业基础理论和图书馆科学管理知识教育的基础上 ,要针对现代化图书馆发展的需要 ,注重现代技术及其网络服务手段等方面的继续教育 ,使图书馆馆员不仅提高专业理论水平 ,而且提高信息收集、加工、处理和网络服务的能力。     

试论社会主义核心价值观教育中的问题和对策

社会主义核心价值观教育是高校思想政治工作的一项重要任务,当前存在着与大学生社会性发展需要、社会文化多元化相脱离、教育形式单一化等问题。文章从＂社会人＂、社会发展、职业发展、人格养成和社会认同等角度考虑解决这些问题的对策。     

科学教育的人文价值

探讨科学教育的人文价值功能问题,近几年受到普遍的关注。本文试图结合科学教育理念,对科学人文的价值内涵做出更完整、更有针对性的阐释。     

Web-based Collaborative Inquiry to Bridge Gaps in Secondary Science Education

As secondary students’ interest in science is decreasing, schools are faced with the challenging task of providing adequate instruction to engage students—and more particularly the disadvantaged students—to learn science and improve their science inquiry skills. In this respect, the integration of Web-based collaborative inquiry can be seen as a possible answer. However, the differential effects of Web-based inquiry on disadvantaged students have barely been studied. To bridge this gap, this study deals with the implementation of a Web-based inquiry project in 19 secondary classes and focuses specifically on gender, achievement level, and academic track. Multilevel analysis was applied to uncover the effects on knowledge acquisition, inquiry skills, and interest in science. The study provides quantitative evidence not only that a Web-based collaborative inquiry project is an effective approach for science learning, but that this approach can also offer advantages for students who are not typically successful in science or who are not enrolled in a science track. This approach can contribute to narrowing the gap between boys and girls in science and can give low-achieving students and general-track students an opportunity to develop confidence and skills for learning science, bringing them to a performance level that is closer to that of high-achieving students.     

中小学科学探究学习平台的设计

从科学探究的基本理念出发,通过对国内外相关研究项目的调研,以及对科学探究支持软件的案例分析,总结它们的优缺点,构建了一个集科学探究学习活动管理与探究数据处理于一体的科学探究平台模型,并指出了该模型的应用前景。     

美国《国家科学教育标准》中的探究

美国《国家科学教育标准》中的探究有三层含义：作为学习内容的探究，它要求学生把科学当作人类认识世界的一种方式；作为学习方式的探究，它要求学生以类似科学探究的方式来学习科学；作为教学指导思想的探究，它要求教师以探究的态度对待教学。它给我们的启示是：探究离不开科学学科内容，探究不等于动手活动，探究包括教师的教与学生的学两方面。     

科学教育中的探究教学模式发展述评

当前,伴随着强调以“科学探究”为核心的科学教育改革,世界范围内形成并发展了一些有代表性的科学探究教学模式。“学习环”模式和随后对学习环模式的修订以及由此发展出的数学模式,基本体现了强调科学探究的教学思想的发展过程。近年来的一些研究者仍然在探索新的科学探究教学模式。国际科学教育中的探究教学模式及其发展对于我国的科学教育改革具有重要启示意义。     

Enhancing Teachers' Knowledge and Use of Inquiry Through Environmental Science Education

Journal of Science Teacher Education -     

Teachers' Beliefs and Self-Reported Use of Inquiry in Science Education in Public Primary Schools

This paper describes Ecuadorian in-service teachers and their science teaching practices in public primary schools. We wanted to find out to what extent teachers implement inquiry activities in science teaching, the level of support they provide, and what type of inquiry they implement. Four questionnaires applied to 173 teachers resulted in the identification of high context beliefs and moderately high self-efficacy beliefs. Teachers declared to implement activities mostly to develop understanding of the material, as contrast to actual manipulation of data and/or coming to conclusions. They adopt rather a strictly guided approach in contrast to giving autonomy to learners to work on their own. Finally, teachers keep control with regard to question formulation and choice in solution procedures, which constrains the development of real inquiry. When comparing teacher beliefs, we found that teachers' context beliefs make a difference in the level of support that teachers provide to their students. Teachers with lower context beliefs ask students to perform inquiry activities on their own to a lesser extent when compared with teachers with higher context beliefs. This implies that further research on the implementation of inquiry in science teaching should take into account teachers' differences in their context beliefs. We also found out that the use of high or low support in inquiry activities remained the same for teachers with either higher or lower self-efficacy beliefs.     

神经教育学对探究式科学教育的促进

神经教育学的形成代表了教育学发展的一个新阶段,它和传统教育学在哲学基础、研究方法和学科性质上有着本质上的区别。过去十年间进行的做中学探究式科学教育实验项目在中国的科学教育改革中发生了重要的影响,其特点之一就是将神经教育学的研究应用于教育改革实践,说明神经教育学在教育政策选择以及拓宽教学视野和内容上可以起到重要作用。     

美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导的科学探究

美国<国家科学教育标准>倡导的科学探究既是学习内容,也是学习方式,更是教学指导思想.教育中的科学探究具有五个基本特征:①问题,②证据,③解释,④评价,⑤表达.<标准>概括了幼儿园到4年级、5到8年级、9到12年级学生应达到的科学探究能力标准和对科学探究的理解标准.探究式教学需要定期而高质量的评价、需要教师的专业进修和足够的教学资源,还需要着力避免走进科学探究的误区.     

美国理科教学中探究水平研究的特点及启示

20世纪60年代美国学者施瓦布首开探究水平研究的先河。随后,美国为适应其以"探究能力"为目标的理科教育改革和应答理科探究教学评估实践的诉求,对探究水平进行了更为深入的探讨。给我们的启示在于:探究水平层级划分应充分考虑细化与实用相结合,确定探究水平的划分标准应做到一元与多元相结合,探究水平的判断应注重学生主体与具体环节相结合。     

在合作学习中进行科学探究--从"探究力和运动的关系"的教学谈起

1.合作学习与科学探究20世纪70年代初兴起于美国的合作学习,是一种以异质小组为教学的基本组织形式,通过师生间、生生间的协调和互助合作活动,达到共同的学习目标,并以小组的总体成绩为奖励依据的教学策略。由于其运用的广泛性和教育成效的显著性,被人们誉为“近几年来最成功和     

论价值、教育价值与价值教育

当代西方迅速崛起的“价值教育”思潮以其巨大的声势影响着教育实践的发展，本文站在教育哲学层面从马克思主义教育哲学角度，对价值、教育价值和价值教育问题进行分析，并结合对西方“价值教育”思潮的评述，提出在中国今天的教育改革中同样可以借鉴这一思潮，以推进当前深入开展的素质教育，同时，也有助于人文精神的弘扬和民族素质的构建。     

The Uses of the Term Hypothesis and the Inquiry Emphasis Conflation in Science Teacher Education

This paper examines the use and role of the term ‘hypothesis’ in science teacher education as described by teacher students. Data were collected through focus group interviews conducted at seven occasions with 32 students from six well‐known Swedish universities. The theoretical framework is a sociocultural and pragmatist perspective on language and learning, introducing the notion of pivot terms to operationalise language use as a habit and mediated action. We describe three different customs of using the term ‘hypothesis’ within four cultural institutions that can be said to constitute science teacher education in Sweden. Students were found to habitually use the term hypothesis as meaning a guess about an outcome. This is contrasted to the function of this term in scientific research as a tentative explanation. We also found differences in how this term was used between the pure science courses given by the science departments of universities and science education courses taken only by teacher students. Findings also included further support for school students hypothesis fear reported in an earlier study. It is discussed how these findings can obstruct learning and teaching about the nature of scientific inquiry. Constructivist theories of learning are suggested as a possible origin of these problems. The findings are also related to curricular reform and development.