A CROW WITH THIRST

A Crow, half-dead with thirst, came upon a pitcher which had once been full of water; but when the Crow put its beak into the mouth of the pitcher he found that only very little water was left in it, and that he could not reach far enough down to get at it. He tried, and he tried, but at last had to give up in despair. Then a thought came to him, and he took a pebble and dropped it into the pitcher.     

The Rescue

Joe Langton worked at the Thorby paint factory,but he did not likehis job as an electrician.His main interest in life was playing and wat-ching football.On several occasions he had gone to watch a matchinstead ofgoing to work~2.He used to tell the manager that he hadbeen ill.The manager suspected that Joe was lying,as it was usuallya Saturday when Joe was ill.He threatened to dismiss him if he everdiscovered that he had been absent without a good reason.     

哈佛大学敞开更多的大门

When I arrived as a freshman at Harvard 25 years ago, I was in alien territory. I had a check from my dad for $300, which was supposed to last until I found a job. One of my dorm mates, on the other hand, told me that he had $7,000 in his checking account.     

Heroes Fighting Against Poverty

<正>Poverty（贫穷）is a big problem in the world, but China had done a good job to dealwith it and made the greatest achievement. During fighting poverty, we’ve been moved bymany heroes.Helping Girls Zhang Guimei Lijiang, YunnanMany girls couldn’t go to school because they were very poor.Mrs. Zhang started a girl school for free and helped over 1,800 girls go to college.     

Extremely high frequency of autoimmune-predisposing alleles in medieval specimens

The precise etiology and reasons for the increase in incidence of autoimmune disorders still remain unclear, and although both genetic and environmental factors have been proven to shape individual predisposition, it is not known which of the factors, if not both, is responsible for the boom observed during the last decades. In order to establish whether a higher frequency of autoimmune-predisposing alleles may explain this increase we took advantage of ancient DNA methodology to establish the genetic predisposition, conferred by cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 （CTLA4） ＋49A/G and human leukocyte antigens （HLA） DQBI^57, in population inhabiting Poland in the Middle Ages. After successful typing of 42 individuals from a 12th-14th＇s century archeological burial site, we found that frequencies of the predisposing alleles in the medieval population were higher than they are at present, suggesting thus that the recently observed incidence increase results most probably from factors of other than genetic nature.     

A Wrong Dog

Mr.and Mrs. Brown were going abroad for their holiday. They had a dog called Blackie which they were very fond of，but they could not take him abroad with them，so they looked for a good place to leave him in while they were away，and at last they found a place which looked after dogs very well while their owners were away. They took Blackie there just before they left for their holiday，and sadly said goodbye to him.At the end of their holiday，they got back to England very late at night，…     

Characterization of predominant bacteria isolates from clean rooms in a pharmaceutical production unit

Aims： To screen for the predominant bacteria strains distributed in clean rooms and to analyze their phylogenetic relationships. Methods and Results： The bacteria distributed in air, surfaces and personnel in clean rooms were routinely monitored using agar plates. Five isolates frequently isolated from the clean rooms of an aseptic pharmaceutical production workshop were selected based on their colony and cell morphology characteristics. Their physiological and biochemical properties, as well as partial 16S rDNA sequences, were analyzed. Results showed that all the five isolates belong to Gram positive bacteria, of which three were Staphylococcus, one Microbacterium and one Bacillus species. Sensitivity tests for these bacteria isolates to 3 disinfectants showed that isolate F03 was obtuse, and had low susceptivity to UV irradiation, while isolates F02, F01 and F04 were not sensitive to phenol treatment. Isolates F04, F01 and F05 were resistant to chlorhexidine gluconate. Conclusion： Bacteria widely distributed in clean rooms are mainly a group of Gram positive strains, showing high resistance to selected disinfectants. Significance and impact of the study： Clean rooms are essential in aseptic pharmaceutical and food production. Screening bacteria isolates and identifying them is part of good manufacturing practices, and will aid in finding a more effective disinfection method.     

Earing or Travelling？

Mr and Mrs Smith had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey in the past, staying in a small inn at the foot of a hill. One year, however, Mr Smith made a lot of money in his busi- ness. So they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they were visiting that famous city.     

On dendritic cell-based therapy for cancers

Dendritic cells (DCs), the most prevalent antigen-presenting cell in vivo, had been widely characterized in the last three decades. DCs are present in almost all tissues of the body and play cardinal roles in recognition of microbial agents,autoantigens, allergens and alloantigen. DCs process the microbial agents or their antigens and migrate to lymphoid tissues to present the antigenic peptide to lymphocytes. This leads to activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Initially, it was assumed that DCs are principally involved in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses, but now it is evident that DCs also have important roles in innate immunity. These features make DCs very good candidates for therapy against various pathological conditions including malignancies. Initially, DC-based therapy was used in animal models of cancers. Data from these studies inspired considerable optimism and DC-based therapies was started in human cancers 8 years ago. In general,DC-based therapy has been found to be safe in patients with cancers, although few controlled trials have been conducted in this regard. Because the fundamentals principles of human cancers and animal models of cancers are different, the therapeutic efficacy of the ongoing regime of DC-based therapy in cancer patients is not satisfactory. In this review, we covered the various aspects that should be considered for developing better regime of DC-based therapy for human cancers.     

“短语”与“分句”

在现代英语语法中,语法学家从逻辑意义的角度将“分句”分为“限定分句”和“非限定分句”,这样“分句”的下住概念“非限定分句”的所指外延包括传统语法的“词和词组”等结构;从句法功能上讲。“短语”可由一个“词素”或几个单词构成的“词组”或“分句”来充当。因此,“短语”的所指外廷涵盖了从句法角度定义的“分句”的外延,“短语”是小于“句子”但大于或等于“分句”的语法单位,即“句子”〉“短语”≥“分句”。     

试述后现代精神观照下师生关系的重新审视

后现代主要并非指的是一种时态,而是一种思想态度和意识,以及一种崭新的思考问题的方法。师生关系是一种特殊的社会关系,是教育的全部蕴念所在。根据后现代基本精神,本文力图重新审视教育过程中目前已被广泛认可的师生关系,从一种全面的、多元化、多层次的视角反思传统的师生关系,从而对师生关系问题形成新的有益的认识,即师生关系应从二元对立的主客关系转变为相互作用的共生关系,由单向的知识传授关系转变为双向的平等对话关系,从理性保障的师生关系转变为情感保障的师生关系。     

解析作为解悖方案的弗协调逻辑

弗协调逻辑是一种可以容纳“矛盾”的非经典逻辑,其所容纳的“矛盾”被称为“真矛盾”。在弗协调逻辑看来,逻辑悖论就是一种“真矛盾”,是可以被弗协调逻辑系统所容纳的。在分析逻辑悖论语法表现的基础上,我们可以清楚地看到弗协调逻辑消解悖论的逻辑机制。弗协调逻辑作为一种解悖方案,实际上是隔离了悖论对系统的不良影响,这种隔离意义上的悖论消解具有重要的现实意义;同时其相对于协调而区分出来的弗协调,也具有重要的逻辑哲学价值。     

读诗论札记

诗歌是语言的艺术,更是文字的艺术。本文从"诗"字构成之义谈及:诗者,言也;诗者,寺也;诗者,持也;诗者,思也;诗者,私也。以及与"诗"音的"狮、师、蓍、施、尸"等字相关意义,以便更深刻地理解"诗"的原本之意。     

陈毅元帅战争诗词简论

陈毅元帅的战争诗词是20世纪生动形象的革命战争史，又是壮美深沉的民族精英心灵史：在审美上既重风骨，又富意境；在形式上古近体并重，且创作颇丰。陈毅其人品性高洁，风骨凛然，其诗亦然，是20世纪传统诗词当之无愧的大家。     

从“把”看数量名序列的句法结构?

“把”是数词,也是系数词,具有粘着性。在数词内部可激发位数词进行核心移位,推导出“位数词+把”格式;在数词内部如果没有位数词满足其融合要求,就会激发量词进行核心移位,推导出“量词+把”格式。“把”的粘着现象表明数词是扩展量词的句法核心。     

BEING A LEARNER: A VIRTUE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

ABSTRACT:  Lifelong learning is something which one does for oneself that no one else can do for one: it is a public and personal human activity, rather than private or individualistic. One of the features of the education system is the paucity of a language for learning as process and participative experience. Personalised learning requires a sense of the worthwhileness of 'being a learner'– a virtue in the 21st century. A sense of one's own worth as a person is essential to understanding one's identity as a learner. Research suggests the human capacity to learn can be understood as a form of consciousness which is characterised by particular values, attitudes and dispositions, with a lateral and a temporal connectivity. This 'consciousness' has several dimensions which are all related to becoming a person, with a learning identity. They also enable the learner to become aware of and appropriate what is of worth and map onto the sorts of core values that learning communities espouse. Awareness of self and of one's own worth as a person is a necessary condition for 'becoming a learner' and for identifying and engaging with 'what is of worth'. Furthermore, a sense of self as a learner is formed in relationship, and understood as one learns to tell one's own story, as a participant in the conversation of the learning community. Character is the way in which we refer to that quality of personhood in which there is rooted the capacity to change and learn over time.     

“推类”的构成、本质与作用——三论“引譬、援类”

推类是中国古代推理的主要模式。其结构通常由"言事"与"言道"两个部分组成。"言事"与"言道"的核心是"喻"。其理论根据是:所言事与道之间共同存在的"义"。找到事与道之间共同的"义",便可"扶义而动,推理而行"。由"事"理过渡到"道"理。推类的本质是论证。如果我们较好地掌握了"言事"与"言道"这二者的关系及"引譬"、"援类"的思维方式,对于正确理解中国古代思想家们的思想和丰富我们的思维方式具有重要意义。     

和谐GDP论纲——一个关于GDP的和谐构想

GDP本来是一个表征财富的普通符号,然而,一个时期以来,作为财富象征符号的GDP却成了人们竞相追逐并加以炫耀的对象,甚至成为国家的最高目标。于是,作为人们崇拜对象的GDP反过来异化为人们的主宰,步入一条反和谐的不归之路。在内建和谐社会、外促和谐世界的大背景下,在失衡之路上狂奔的GDP必须回归和谐,确立新的和谐GDP理念。和谐哲学为和谐GDP提供了理论可能性,而和谐社会建构实践的展开为和谐GDP奠定了坚实的推广基础。作为和谐GDP三个维度的和谐产出、和谐分配与和谐消费,彰显了GDP的和谐向度。和谐GDP的“三和”之维．有利于营造出和谐心态、和谐世态与和谐生态,使和谐GDP客观上成为和谐社会的理想经济形态。     

“概念的双重作用”与逻辑理论的证成——对冯契理论的一点引申与应用

冯契认为,一切概念都有摹写现实与规范现实的双重作用,逻辑原则也体现着后验性与先验性的统一.在逻辑理论的证成问题上,"概念的双重作用"要求逻辑理论的建构必须坚持后验性与先验性的统一.有见于现代逻辑论证理论的普遍主义、先验主义倾向,非形式逻辑试图从后验性与先验性、普遍性与情境性的统一中去证成自身.