语义网环境下数据溯源表达模型研究综述

综述语义网环境下数据溯源在表达模型与技术上的研究进展,重点研究Open Provenance Model、Provenir Ontology与Provenance Vocabulary的描述方法和能力,结合科研环境,讨论这些溯源模型在使用和推广上所面临的挑战。     

如何提高英文版科技期刊的被引频次和影响因子

从总被引频次和影响因子2方面分析我国英文版科技期刊的引用指标的现状和引用指标偏低的原因.提出了提高英文版科技期刊被引频次和影响因子的措施:1)注重期刊的国内外发行工作;2)通过建立英文网站及加入国内外知名数据库,提高文章的点击率及浏览量;3)请专家把语言关.     

Harmonic coauthor credit: A parsimonious quantification of the byline hierarchy

In this paper the accuracy of five current approaches to quantifying the byline hierarchy of a scientific paper is assessed by measuring the ability of each to explain the variation in a composite empirical dataset. Harmonic credit explained 97% of the variation by including information about the number of coauthors and their position in the byline. In contrast, fractional credit, which ignored the byline hierarchy by allocating equal credit to all coauthors, explained less than 40% of the variation in the empirical dataset. The nearly 60% discrepancy in explanatory power between fractional and harmonic credit was accounted for by equalizing bias associated with the omission of relevant information about differential coauthor contribution. Including an additional parameter to describe a continuum of intermediate formulas between fractional and harmonic provided a negligible or negative gain in predictive accuracy. By comparison, two parametric models from the bibliometric literature both had an explanatory capacity of approximately 80%. In conclusion, the results indicate that the harmonic formula provides a parsimonious solution to the problem of quantifying the byline hierarchy. Harmonic credit allocation also accommodates specific indications of departures from the basic byline hierarchy, such as footnoted information stating that some or all coauthors have contributed equally or indicating the presence of a senior author.     

让数据使用有效:数据素养在教育者决策中的应用

数据素养是教育者的核心素养之一,是透视数据使用研究领域的一个关键概念。文章分别从大数据、决策以及教育者的角度阐释了数据素养的内容与特征,将国外教育者决策过程中数据使用的研究归纳为数据使用的知识点研究、数据使用的教育课程和数据使用的项目培训3种模式。然后,针对现有研究内容及不足,本文提出了注重数据使用的反馈与评价,依靠多种类型的数据辅助决策和注重数据使用过程的伦理关怀的建议,以期为教学数据素养研究提供思路借鉴,提高数据使用的有效性。     

数据监护:美国高校图书馆的新探索

近年来美国高校图书馆在国家机构支持下开始了数据监护的研究和实践,该文辨析数据监护的概念,阐述其对支持高校科学研究的重要作用,并介绍了数据监护在美国的最新进展,提出国内图书馆应当及时开展相关实践。     

厚数据研究综述

文章通过回顾厚数据研究的理论起源和发展,利用WOS和CNKI检索相关文献,梳理国内外厚数据研究现状,剖析和解读研究中的前沿热点和问题,为后续研究提供支持和建议。当前国内外厚数据相关研究主要集中在厚数据定义研究、厚数据应用场景研究和厚数据分析方法研究等方面,未来应继续围绕基础研究问题进行深入探索和改进,并尝试在厚数据融合研究、厚数据方法研究和厚数据应用研究等方面不断进行拓展。     

SAGE Research Methods Datasets: A Data Analysis Educational Tool

ABSTRACT

SAGE Research Methods Datasets (SRMD) is an educational tool designed to offer users the opportunity to obtain hands-on experience with data analysis. Users can search for and browse authentic datasets by method, discipline, and data type. Each of the datasets are supplemented with educational material on the research method and clear guidelines for how to approach data analysis.     

Web Cites: When Courts Cite to URLs: A Study of Washington and New York Cases

ABSTRACT

Courts are citing to websites within reported judicial opinions—primary authority that attorneys rely on. If a website no longer exists—or has been updated so as to no longer reflect the content the court reviewed—what does that do to an attorney's ability to make an argument or analogize and distinguish? This article reviews published Washington and New York opinions, noting the types of websites cited, examining the viability of links, and analyzing how websites are used in opinions. The author contends that website permanence is not the only problem; lawyers and courts need to be trained in information literacy so that only authentic and credible Internet sources are cited as authority, and encourages librarians to aid in this effort.     

The Canadian Linked Data Initiative: Charting a Path to a Linked Data Future

ABSTRACT

This article is a preliminary report on the work of the Canadian Linked Data Initiative (CLDI), a collaboration between five of Canada’s largest research libraries, Library and Archives Canada, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, and Canadiana.org. Although still in its nascent stage, participating institutions are working together to advance the technical services divisions of our libraries in the area of linked data. Project working groups are making progress in five main areas: grant funding, digital collections, education and training, legacy metadata enhancement, and in the evaluation and adaptation of Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative tools. By working across geographic and institutional boundaries, the CLDI aims to chart a path to a new age of technical services, one based on the foundation of Linked Open Data.     

A comparative study of cross-domain research output and citations: Research impact cubes and binary citation frequencies

Across the various scientific domains, significant differences occur with respect to research publishing formats, frequencies and citing practices, the nature and organisation of research and the number and impact of a given domain's academic journals. Consequently, differences occur in the citations and h-indices of the researchers. This paper attempts to identify cross-domain differences using quantitative and qualitative measures. The study focuses on the relationships among citations, most-cited papers and h-indices across domains and for research group sizes. The analysis is based on the research output of approximately 10,000 researchers in Slovenia, of which we focus on 6536 researchers working in 284 research group programmes in 2008–2012.As comparative measures of cross-domain research output, we propose the research impact cube (RIC) representation and the analysis of most-cited papers, highest impact factors and citation distribution graphs (Lorenz curves). The analysis of Lotka's model resulted in the proposal of a binary citation frequencies (BCF) distribution model that describes well publishing frequencies. The results may be used as a model to measure, compare and evaluate fields of science on the global, national and research community level to streamline research policies and evaluate progress over a definite time period.     

关于依托CALIS建设宋代文献特色数据库的构想

依托CALLS,依托开封丰富的历史文化资源、河南大学雄厚的宋代研究专业人才资源和丰富的馆藏文献资源,建设宋代文献特色数据库,具有十分重要意义,也是切实可行的。     

通向全球高影响力科学家的门户网站——ISIHighlyCited.com

介绍美国ISI公司推出的一个以高影响力科学家的研究成果和个人信息为内容的门户网站，阐述该网站的内容、功能以及ISI对高影响力科学家的遴选方法。     

一种提高过滤用户偏好精度的数据采集方法

采用数据挖掘技术中的关联分析和聚类方法,重点研究Web日志兴趣发现的理论和方法,指出普通日志记录方法的局限性,提出过滤用户偏好的定制Web日志方法,实验结果验证通过该方法采集的数据,可以发现隐藏在日志数据中的关联规则,同时找到相似用户的兴趣和偏好,并且能够提高过滤用户兴趣偏好的精度。     

关联数据发布流程与关键问题研究——以科技文献、科学数据发布为例

本文结合中国科学引文数据库和中国生态系统研究网络通量数据的关联数据发布,以关联数据的发布技术框架为研究对象,采取实例阐释的方法,提出了关联数据发布过程中可参考的标准化流程,并详细分析了其中的关键问题.研究表明,关联数据发布流程可以分解成数据建模、实体命名、实体RDF化、实体关联化、实体发布、开放查询六个关键步骤,发布过程中需要考虑到多语种问题、值词表的发布、RDF词表的发布等关键问题.关于利用D2R Server发布数据,本文建议:不要采用空白节点;尽量做好关系型数据库的前期设计;指定非文本属性的数据类型;适当进行实体表的拆分与合并.     

STCF值:基于研究主题的学术文献影响力评价新指标

[目的/意义]学术文献影响力评价指标不断推陈出新,但尚缺乏在研究主题层面对文献影响力的评价,为发现不同研究主题内具有高影响力和引用价值的文献,本研究给出一种基于研究主题的文献影响力评价方法。[方法/过程]以Web of Science数据库中2011年-2015年间情报学领域500篇高被引文献为样本,利用LDA模型对样本文献进行主题建模,将主题对文献的支持度与文献被引频次相结合,计算特定主题文献的被引频次（specific topic cited frequency,简称STCF）,并根据每篇文献在相应主题内的STCF值对文献进行影响力排序。[结果/结论]结果表明,STCF值能反映文献的主题内容、细粒度体现文献的学术地位、呈现文献研究主题的多元性,能够有效弥补被引频次、Altmetrics指标的不足。     

元宇宙之治:未来数智世界的敏捷治理前瞻

在数据智能的基础上,虚拟世界与现实世界的快速融合可能成为未来三十年最大的社会变革之一。这一自信息时代就已开始的历史进程,将重塑几乎所有赛道的业态。对信息资源管理领域而言,是机遇,更是终极挑战。而业态优化与重塑,核心在于先立后破破立并举,治理是其中最关键的环节之一。元宇宙发展的现有风险中,脱实向虚、游戏为先、治理未预三大问题较为集中,本质上则是对于急速爆发的前沿领域、传统的管理和应对方式力有未逮。本文认为敏捷治理是塑造未来数智世界和元宇宙治理的重要选项。针对此领域,应从评价监管问责规范化、政务治理智能化、政产学创新集约化三个方向出发,向具有预见性、实时性和动态性的敏捷治理模式转型,并在数据智能的基础上构建敏捷反应模式,从法律规约、科技规制、教育规正三个方面推动未来数智世界治理的相关实践。     

基于适应性结构化理论的政务数据质量影响因素研究——以政务12345热线数据为例

[目的/意义]为解决大数据时代中政务数据质量问题以及应对数据质量治理困境提供理论参考和解决思路。[研究设计/方法]基于适应性结构化理论构建政务数据质量影响因素模型,从结构源出发探究政务数据质量的影响因素,利用政务12345热线数据进行影响因素的验证并通过随机森林算法进行重要性评估。[结论/发现]基于分析结果提出应加强治理监管,用制度规范数据管理过程及培育大数据专业队伍,从而提升政务数据质量治理的能力和效果。[创新/价值]从结构层面探究了政务数据质量的影响因素并构建理论模型,解决当前数据治理及应用问题,提升社会治理成效。     

Empowering Librarians in the Provision of Data Services in Canada: A Case Study of the DLI Survival Guide

ABSTRACT

While some Canadian universities have a long history in the provision of data services, that was not the norm in Canada, especially in small universities and colleges. To maximize the use of data by students and researchers in academia, it was evident that increased education, resources, and tools were required to support those delivering data services on their campuses. To this end, the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) Survival Guide was designed as a comprehensive reference tool, which complements an established regional training curriculum, whereby enabling librarians to effectively fulfill their role as a DLI Contact in their academic institutions. This case study will examine the history, current state, and recommended future direction of the Survival Guide. This article will also examine the challenges in understanding the drivers shaping academic service delivery and the ways in which the guide has evolved to remain current to the needs of the Canadian data community.     

连续性资源开放获取与关联方案研究——以ROAD为例

文章阐述了开放获取学术资源目录(ROAD)的背景、资源建设机制、实现机制和关联数据功能,指出ROAD作为一个识别、选择关联开放获取学术资源的方案或工具,要在为用户提供的服务方面发挥更积极的作用。最后,对提高我国连续性资源开放获取与关联的世界影响力提出几点建议。