Science Letters:A new quantitative model of ecological compensation based on ecosystem capital in Zhejiang Province, China

Ecological compensation is becoming one of key and multidiscipline issues in the field of resources and environ-mental management. Considering the change relation between gross domestic product (GDP) and ecological capital (EC) based on remote sensing estimation, we construct a new quantitative estimate model for ecological compensation, using county as study unit,and determine standard value so as to evaluate ecological compensation from 2001 to 2004 in Zhejiang Province, China. Spatial differences of the ecological compensation were significant among all the counties or districts. This model fills up the gap in the field of quantitative evaluation of regional ecological compensation and provides a feasible way to reconcile the conflicts among benefits in the economic, social, and ecological sectors.     

天保地区森林资源保护与社会经济协调发展的资金投入机制研究

天保工程实施六年来,工程取得了一定成效,然而在天保地区森林资源保护与社会经济发展之间仍存在很多问题。为此,应建立森林生态效益补偿机制,发行绿色生态彩票,对林业项目实行贴息贷款等投资渠道在内的天保工程资金投入机制。同时,给予天保地区经济发展贷款优惠政策,加强区域间投资合作,推行小额信用贷款制度等措施,建立天保地区社会经济发展的资金投入机制,以实现天保地区森林资源保护与社会经济的协调发展。     

矿产资源开发中的生态补偿与中国化

以矿产资源生态补偿为主线,按照国外生态补偿研究的脉络,梳理国外矿产资源生态补偿的理论变迁与内在逻辑,分析国外生态补偿理论的研究与实践,以及其理论移植到我国需要解决的适用性问题,并针对分析结果提出我国矿产资源开发生态补偿的几个认识论问题。     

西部生态建设的有效补偿及评价机制研究

生态环境是人类生存和发展的基本条件，西部地区是我国重要的生态源区，影响着全国的生态安全。我们通过对我国现行生态补偿机制的分析，从建立科学合理的生态补偿机制，科学实施西部生态建设工程的视角，提出了必须建立相应西部生态建设中的价值补偿及评价机制，必须要按资源使用者付费原则进行制度创新，建立新的生态效益价值补偿机制，使我国的生态建设与保护能够实现可持续发展，并实现国家长久的生态安全。     

论我国海洋生态补偿制度的建构

海洋生态补偿制度的建构既是海洋经济发展的需要,也是可持续发展的要求。我国海洋生态补偿制度的立法理念落后,致使构建中出现立法匮乏、执法不力、司法保护不周全等问题,我国海洋生态补偿制度的路径选择应从以下几方面努力:健全生态补偿法律制度;完善管理体制;重视环境经济手段,拓宽资金渠道;海洋生态补偿变"输血型"为"造血型";加强宣传教育,提高公众的参与度;加强司法保护力度。     

Quantitative feedback theory and zero phase error tracking control combined robust control for radar truck leveling simulator

Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory(QFT)controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control(ZPETC)compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.     

绵阳鼠耳蝠的初步研究

1999~2006年,对四川绵阳地区鼠耳蝠种类、数量、分布及部分生态习性进行了调查研究。共采集到鼠耳蝠6种,其中大足鼠耳蝠为中国特有种,IUCN RL(2003)将其列入接近受威胁的低危种(LR/nt)。中华鼠耳蝠被列入《中国物种红色名录》中的易危(VU)种。西南鼠耳蝠和须鼠耳蝠被列入《中国物种红色名录》中的近危(NT)种。青海鼠耳蝠为四川蝙蝠新记录。对鼠耳蝠的部分生态习性进行了描述。提出了鼠耳蝠命名和分类存在的一些问题,并探讨了几种鼠耳蝠的物种现状、保护及生态习性。     

煤矿资源开发生态补偿法律制度的完善

面对煤矿资源开发利用所带来的一系列环境问题,对煤矿资源开发生态补偿制度的研究是一种行之有效的能够以低的资源消耗,在维持生态平衡前提下获取较快经济发展的途径.建立并完善煤矿资源生态补偿制度,是一种能够很好地保证煤区生态修复高效顺利进行的方式.文章对目前我国煤矿资源生态补偿制度的构建进行了思考,提出生态补偿法律制度建立的基本原则和补偿内容,并提出相应措施.     

A 155 Mbps laser diode driver with automatic power and extinction ratio control

An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and temperature com-pensation for modulation current in order to maintain constant extinction ratio and average optical power. To implement tem-perature compensation for modulation current,a novel circuit which generates a PTAT current by using the injecting base current of a bipolar transistor in saturation region,and alternates the amplifier feedback loop(closed or not) to control the state of the current path is presented. Simulation results showed that programmed by choice of external resistors,the IC can provide modu-lation current from 5 mA to 85 mA with temperature compensation adjustments and independent bias current from 4 mA to 100 mA. Optical test results showed that clear eye-diagrams can be obtained at 155 Mbps,with the output optical power being nearly constant,and the variation of extinction ratio being lower than 0.7 dB.     

浅析我国农民环境权益的法律保护

我国农村环境问题产生于不平衡的社会经济发展现实与发展模式。当前,我国农民环境权保护中主要存在农村环境保护制度供给不平等、农民环境意识薄弱以及环境维权能力低下等问题。为了更好地保护农村环境、保障农民环境权益,我们应在立法上确立农民环境权,建立农村环境公益诉讼制度,完善对农民的生态补偿制度和农村环境法律援助制度,并建立多种形式的监督机制。     

基于最大点功率跟踪的两阶段光伏逆变器设计

提出了一种两阶段多功能光伏逆变器(QMFI),有功功率借助于该结构可以在一个功率转换器内从光伏阵列直接传输到电网或负载,从而提高转换效率.此外,考虑QMFI最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的实现和非有功电流的补偿,提出了QMFI的数学模型,从而获得有效的控制参数.在求解过程中,采用基于旋转坐标系的分析模型,并推导了QMFI的...     

资源枯竭型城市生态补偿机制研究——以甘肃省白银市为例

由于缺乏完善的生态补偿机制,我国的一些资源型城市面临资源枯竭的危机。促进这些城市的可持续发展需建立资源枯竭型城市生态补偿机制。     

基于生态补偿的洞庭湖区研究现状

生态补偿是当前生态经济学界的热点问题,也是世界各国尤其是发达国家为实现可持续发展而广泛采用的政策措施.随着生态保护的加强、生态工程的实施以及保护和发展矛盾的加剧,我国对生态补偿也越采越重视.洞庭湖作为我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地景观生态系统之一,湿地资源丰富,是长江生态功能系统的重要组成部分,也是国家湿地恢复和洪水控制的重要地区;但在生态补偿方面,洞庭湖区没有得到应有的重视,关于洞庭湖区的研究也存在相当的不足.     

Cognitive Comparisons of Students' Systems Modeling in Ecology

This study examined the cognition of five pairs of high school students over time as they built quantitative ecological models using STELLA software. One pair of students emerged as being particularly proficient at learning to model, and was able to use models productively to explore and explain ecological system behaviors. We present detailed contrasts between this and the other pairs of students' cognitive behaviors while modeling, in three areas that were crucial to their modeling productivity: (a) focusing on model output and net interactions versus on model input and individual relationships when building and revising models, (b) exploring the nature and implications of dependencies and feedbacks versus just creating these as properties of complex systems, and (c) using variables versus constants to represent continuous and periodic functions. We then apply theories of the multifaceted nature of cognition to describe object-level, metalevel, and emotional dimensions of cognitive performance that help to explain the observed differences among students' approaches to STELLA modeling. Finally, we suggest pedagogical strategies for supporting all types of students in learning the central scientific practice of model-based quantitative thinking.     

中国流域生态补偿机制对策研究

流域生态补偿机制是保障流域生态和经济可持续发展的有力措施。当前,中国流域生态补偿机制还面临责任判定、标准界定、资金来源、跨区域协作等困境,应通过明确阐释流域生态补偿的涵义,确定流域生态补偿机制的理论基础包含流域资源的公共物品理论、流域生态保护的外部性理论和社会公平理论等,从补偿主体、补偿客体、补偿标准、补偿途径等多路径实现中国流域生态补偿机制的构建。     

The implementation of an intercultural competence syllabus to prepare study-abroad students for global communication

This study presents the outcome of the implementation of a process-oriented model of an intercultural competence (IC) and English as a lingua franca (ELF)-awareness development syllabus to prepare government-sponsored Turkish international sojourners for global communication in English L1 countries. Based on social constructivist research methodology, both, qualitative and quantitative data were used in the study that came from three major sources. The qualitative data included field notes obtained from a class of 10 study-abroad English preparatory students and interviews conducted with the preparatory school administrators, and the quantitative data came from pre-tests and post-tests which demonstrated a considerable shift in the attitudes of the participants of the experimental group with a boost in their ELF awareness and intercultural sensitivity compared to their control group counterparts. The outcome of the study underlines the significance of IC and ELF awareness development during language preparatory programmes prior to sojourn.     

基于委托代理关系的生态补偿效用函数与分配比率——以雇佣关系为视角

在雇佣关系视角下,借用委托-代理模型,从协商的角度构建西藏自治区政府和矿业企业之间的生态补偿效用函数并求解,以期得到生态补偿分配比率的合理配置,促使责任主体从生态环境保护出发选择对生态补偿最有利的行动。     

浅议海洋生态环境污染损害赔偿之请求权主体

近年来,海洋环境污染事故频频发生,给海洋环境带来重大损害的同时,也给直接受害人乃至国家造成了不可弥补的损失。海洋环境污染损害赔偿属于民事赔偿范畴,但它不同于一般民事赔偿,由于海洋生态环境污染损害的特殊性和其赔偿权请求主体范围的不明确,使得合法海洋生态权益得不到赔偿。以海洋生态环境损害的特殊性和赔偿请求主体的多元化入手,分析我国海洋环境污染损害赔偿之请求权主体的现存问题,探讨解决相关对策。     

生态资源的价值实现——基于生态产权制度与生态补偿制度的考察

通过对生态资源价值实现的概念界定及其相关制度梳理,认为生态产权制度和生态补偿制度是促进生态资源价值实现的关键制度。但从当前两种制度的演进和实施路径来看,产权界定不够明晰、交易权安排不统一、交易权的配套制度不完备是生态产权制度的突出问题;相关政策多而立法规定少、补偿标准较难制定、补偿方式较为单一是生态补偿制度的突出问题。因此,应该从明确生态资源产权、完善生态产品交易机制的角度来丰富生态产权制度,从推进生态补偿制度法制化、健全生态补偿标准的角度来丰富生态补偿制度,以此拓宽有效的生态产品价值实现路径。     

Numerical simulation of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell using computational fluid dynamics method

A detailed mathematical model of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell （DIR-SOFC） incorporating with simulation of chemical and physical processes in the fuel cell is presented. The model is developed based on the reforming and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, mass and energy conservation, and heat transfer. A computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is used for solving the complicated multiple partial differential equations （PDEs） to obtain the numerical approximations. The resulting distributions of chemical species concentrations, temperature and current density in a cross-flow DIR-SOFC are given and analyzed in detail. Further, the influence between distributions of chemical species concentrations, temperature and current density during the simulation is illustrated and discussed. The heat and mass transfer, and the kinetics of reforming and electrochemical reactions have significant effects on the parameter distributions within the cell. The results show the particular characteristics of the DIR-SOFC among fuel cells, and can aid in stack design and control.