The new product learning cycle

This paper summarizes our extensive study (n = 158) of new product success and failure in the electronics industry. Conventional “external factor” explanations of commercial product failure based on the state of the economy, foreign competition and lack of funding, were found not to be major contributors to product failure in this industry. On the other hand, factors that can be strongly influenced by management such as coordination of the create, make and market functions, the quality and frequency of customers' communications, value of the product to the customer, and the quality and efficiency of technical management explained the majority of the variance between successful and unsuccessful products. From these findings a framework for understanding and managing the new product development process that places learning and communication in the center stage was developed.Successes and failures in our sample were strongly interrelated. The knowledge gained from failures was often instrumental in achieving subsequent successes, while success in turn often resulted in unlearning the very process that led to the original success. This observation has led us to postulate a new product “learning cycle model” in which commercial successes and failures alternate in an irregular pattern of learning and unlearning.     

新时代催生着新经济的出现

随着时代的演进以及科学的进步,伴随人类而产生的经济活动也在不断发展中。根据现实和未来预测,今后经济发展将会出现如下几种模式。一、集群经济在生态学上,不同族群因彼此依存关系,而“共生”同一栖所。在现代产业系统中,不同企业组织为了生存和发展,也形成了“共生”关系,从而产生了集群经济。     

新世纪日本新科技政策对我国的启示

进入新世纪,科技发展日新月异,日本科技政策发展也有其鲜明的特点,值得引起重视.通过对日本科技发展新情况的分析,使我们能得到一些有益的启示.     

The new role of rechargeable batteries

With the era of high energy fossil fuels coming to an end and the increasing importance of electrical energy, a better way of storage has to be found. The old classical batteries do not meet the demands of the society to come and enormous research and development efforts are being invested to find new ways of chemical storage of electrical energy.     

The new paradigm of economic complexity

Economic complexity offers a potentially powerful paradigm to understand key societal issues and challenges of our time. The underlying idea is that growth, development, technological change, income inequality, spatial disparities, and resilience are the visible outcomes of hidden systemic interactions. The study of economic complexity seeks to understand the structure of these interactions and how they shape various socioeconomic processes. This emerging field relies heavily on big data and machine learning techniques. This brief introduction to economic complexity has three aims. The first is to summarize key theoretical foundations and principles of economic complexity. The second is to briefly review the tools and metrics developed in the economic complexity literature that exploit information encoded in the structure of the economy to find new empirical patterns. The final aim is to highlight the insights from economic complexity to improve prediction and political decision-making. Institutions including the World Bank, the European Commission, the World Economic Forum, the OECD, and a range of national and regional organizations have begun to embrace the principles of economic complexity and its analytical framework. We discuss policy implications of this field, in particular the usefulness of building recommendation systems for major public investment decisions in a complex world.     

财务主管的新观念

进入21世纪，要想成为一名出色的财务主管，除了要不断更新知识，还要不断更新观念。     

营销理论的新发展--关系营销

在阐述传统营销理论发展过程的基础上，对关系营销产生的背景、内容、实质和实现手段进行了分析，提出了关系营销在五个方面对传统营销理论的突破和变革。最后，针对中国实际，阐释了中国实施关系营销的必然性。     

新概念智能控制门

在智能化的未来社会里,我们会越来越关注我们的生活健康。在这其中厕所是一个最重要的影响我们健康的环境,也是我们最容易忽略的影响我们健康的因素。即使为了健康,我们也不可能用手拉开厕所门进去再洗完手之后上厕所,因为这样不方便,也不能被接受,所以我们就要想一个万全之策。新概念智能控制门就具备这个功能,它不仅能给我们的生活带来方便,也能提高我们的生活质量和防范传染病的传播。     

探析网络钓鱼的几种新形式

尽管人们对网络钓鱼已经比较熬悉,但是近期的发展曼化也是多种多样的。本文总结了几种新型的网络钓鱼攻击形式,分析了它们的特点,并提出了防范的意见。     

人力资本经济增加值计量方法的新探——基于能力经济增加值

知识经济时代,人力资本重要性凸现。人力资本对企业财富创造的贡献越来越大,要求计量人力资本的压力也越来越大。根据马克思劳动价值论的核心是确认活劳动是创造价值的唯一源泉。既然人是会创造出新的价值,单单以人力资本的工资来反映其价值是不合理的。本文提出了能力经济增加值(EVA进行改造,剔除掉行业的因素得出的)的概念,并确定了人力资本对能力经济增加值贡献比率,以此来对人力资本进行计量。     

中国科学院新组建的重点实验室

根据中国科学院“科发计字 [2 0 0 1]44 9号”文件 ,从 2 0 0 1年 10月 16起原“中国科学院开放研究实验室”一律更名为“中国科学院重点实验室”。 2 0 0 1年 12月我院又批准成立了 12个院重点实验室 ,本刊将分期予以介绍     

黄连素在临床上的新用途

黄连素常用于治疗肠道细菌感染性疾病，随着临床上进一步的研究探讨，它的用途越来越广，本文介绍了近几年来黄连素在临床上用于其他疾病的治疗报道。