The new product learning cycle

This paper summarizes our extensive study (n = 158) of new product success and failure in the electronics industry. Conventional “external factor” explanations of commercial product failure based on the state of the economy, foreign competition and lack of funding, were found not to be major contributors to product failure in this industry. On the other hand, factors that can be strongly influenced by management such as coordination of the create, make and market functions, the quality and frequency of customers' communications, value of the product to the customer, and the quality and efficiency of technical management explained the majority of the variance between successful and unsuccessful products. From these findings a framework for understanding and managing the new product development process that places learning and communication in the center stage was developed.Successes and failures in our sample were strongly interrelated. The knowledge gained from failures was often instrumental in achieving subsequent successes, while success in turn often resulted in unlearning the very process that led to the original success. This observation has led us to postulate a new product “learning cycle model” in which commercial successes and failures alternate in an irregular pattern of learning and unlearning.     

新时代催生着新经济的出现

随着时代的演进以及科学的进步,伴随人类而产生的经济活动也在不断发展中。根据现实和未来预测,今后经济发展将会出现如下几种模式。一、集群经济在生态学上,不同族群因彼此依存关系,而“共生”同一栖所。在现代产业系统中,不同企业组织为了生存和发展,也形成了“共生”关系,从而产生了集群经济。     

新世纪日本新科技政策对我国的启示

进入新世纪,科技发展日新月异,日本科技政策发展也有其鲜明的特点,值得引起重视.通过对日本科技发展新情况的分析,使我们能得到一些有益的启示.     

财务主管的新观念

进入21世纪，要想成为一名出色的财务主管，除了要不断更新知识，还要不断更新观念。     

The new role of rechargeable batteries

With the era of high energy fossil fuels coming to an end and the increasing importance of electrical energy, a better way of storage has to be found. The old classical batteries do not meet the demands of the society to come and enormous research and development efforts are being invested to find new ways of chemical storage of electrical energy.     

人力资本经济增加值计量方法的新探——基于能力经济增加值

知识经济时代,人力资本重要性凸现。人力资本对企业财富创造的贡献越来越大,要求计量人力资本的压力也越来越大。根据马克思劳动价值论的核心是确认活劳动是创造价值的唯一源泉。既然人是会创造出新的价值,单单以人力资本的工资来反映其价值是不合理的。本文提出了能力经济增加值(EVA进行改造,剔除掉行业的因素得出的)的概念,并确定了人力资本对能力经济增加值贡献比率,以此来对人力资本进行计量。     

探析网络钓鱼的几种新形式

尽管人们对网络钓鱼已经比较熬悉,但是近期的发展曼化也是多种多样的。本文总结了几种新型的网络钓鱼攻击形式,分析了它们的特点,并提出了防范的意见。     

新世纪的科技

200多年以前,富兰克林(1709-1790)在讲到未来年代时曾经说过:"人类的知识将会大大增长,今天我们想不到的新发明将会屡屡出现.我有时几乎后悔我出生过早,不能知道将要发生的事物."他说得不错,这200年来,人类知识确实大大增长了,也确实出现了许许多多新生事物.举凡火车、轮船、高楼、电灯、电影、电话、无线电都是富兰克林所没有看见过的.到了20世纪后半,新生事物更是层出不穷:计算器、核能发电、电视、超音速飞机、人造卫星、激光、生物工程、器官移植、网络通讯等等,不但都是富兰克林所没有见过的,也是比他晚100年的人都梦想不到的事物.     

黄连素在临床上的新用途

黄连素常用于治疗肠道细菌感染性疾病，随着临床上进一步的研究探讨，它的用途越来越广，本文介绍了近几年来黄连素在临床上用于其他疾病的治疗报道。