马克思主义视域下的人工智能技术异化现象探析

当技术产生异化就会转化成一种外在的、异己的、敌对的力量,危害社会,反制人类。运用马克思技术异化理论分析当代人工智能,从人与社会两个维度出发,发现其技术异化的实质,推断未来发展趋势,发展其利,规避其害,对人类未来发展意义重大。     

Globalisation and education: a review of conflicting perspectives and their effect on policy and professional practice in the UK

Many disparate groups have written about the effects of globalisation on education. Some have promoted its benefits; others have warned against its ill‐effects. This paper is an attempt at coalescing and juxtaposing the respective arguments as they relate to schooling policy and practice in the UK. The growing international pressures of globalisation affect practitioners in unpredictable and different ways, so the development of national policy is tied to the process of translating global trends to local contexts. The current political environment has enabled policy‐makers to drive education in large measure using economic imperatives and to devolve liability for ineffective schooling outcomes to a supplicant teaching profession. Whether or not these approaches are justified, there has been precious little debate around the core issues: what is the purpose of education, what is the role of schooling in safeguarding democracy and what obligation does the state have to the individual beyond encouraging economic well‐being? This paper seeks to illuminate the background to such a debate in a non‐judgmental way; to examine why the skirmishes between opposing factions have instead been had on the periphery – in areas like value‐added measurement and performance‐related pay – and why the teaching profession has so often been a spectator incapable of challenging or mediating the emerging hegemony.     

农民的教育心态透视

渴望教育，追求知识是广大农民自发的心态。但它在与家庭经济状况，巨额教育投资，微小收益回报等经济因素相联系。在与教育动机，内容，体制等现实教育状况相联系，在与农村政策环境及相关人群收入等社会现实相联系时，内驱力，外压力明显不足。     

新中国私有制经济的回顾与前瞻

通过对新中国私有制经济发展历程的分析,揭示了人们对新中国私有制经济认识的发展过程以及影响私有制经济发展的因素。     

审美教育与大学生情感智力培养

情感智力作为影响人事业成功与否的重要心理因素，日益受到人们的认可和重视。如何培养大学生的情感智力，审美教育是一有效途径。审美教育对大学生身心健康成长具有积极意义。     

Clinically applicable artificial intelligence algorithm for the diagnosis,evaluation, and monitoring of acute retinal necrosis

The prompt detection and proper evaluation of necrotic retinal region are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis(ARN). The potential application of artificial intelligence(AI) algorithms in these areas of clinical research has not been reported previously. The present study aims to create a computational algorithm for the automated detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis from retinal fundus photographs. A total of 149 wide-angle fundus photographs from40 eyes of 32 ARN patients were collected, and the U-Net method was used to construct the AI algorithm. Thereby, a novel algorithm based on deep machine learning in detection and evaluation of retinal necrosis was constructed for the first time. This algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92, with 86% sensitivity and 88% specificity in the detection of retinal necrosis. For the purpose of retinal necrosis evaluation, necrotic areas calculated by the AI algorithm were significantly positively correlated with viral load in aqueous humor samples(R2=0.7444, P0.0001) and therapeutic response of ARN(R2=0.999, P0.0001). Therefore, our AI algorithm has a potential application in the clinical aided diagnosis of ARN, evaluation of ARN severity, and treatment response monitoring.     

Exam-oriented education and implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China

This paper investigates the implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China. Historically, rural and urban residents in China were separated by the hukou system, and rural children were not allowed to attend urban schools. Since the relaxation of the hukou system in the early 1980s, large numbers of rural families migrated to cities. The right of migrant children to education in urban China was formally recognised by the government in a series of policies starting in 2001. The research reported, here, reveals that migrant children did not have equal access to urban schools nor did they enjoy an equally good education to that of urban children. Based on 53 in-depth interviews with school principals, teachers and pupils in two provincial capitals in China, this paper explores the main factors affecting the implementation of education policy for migrant children. The research demonstrates that policies relating to equal admissions criteria were not implemented as intended, with migrant children not having equal access to schools. However, policies relating to non-segregation and academic support were implemented as intended. It is argued that, at the school level, this is a result of the examination-oriented system, and schools’ responses to this.     

Reform of teacher education in China: a survey of policies for systemic change

ABSTRACT

This paper adopts an inductive analytical approach to reviewing the major state policies to reform teacher education in China. Based on the perceived impact on teachers and teacher education, 21 policy documents have been selected for this review. Five themes emerge in the analysis, which include: Expansion of teacher education by institutional diversification; structural changes through upgrading, merging and eliminating institutions and school; innovations on modes of teacher preparation, curricula and teaching practicum; certification and examinations; and strengthening teacher supply for the rural schools. The paper also analyses the contextual and systemic factors that affect the formulation and implementation of reform policies in teacher education and critically reflect the effect of these policies on Chinese teacher education.     

Micro-neoliberalism in China: public-private interactions at the confluence of mainstream and shadow education

With its shift to a market economy gathering speed from the 1990s, the Chinese Government embarked on an agenda that brought neoliberal forces into almost all sectors including education. The policies underpinned China’s spectacular economic growth, but in education have had consequences that arguably are problematic.

Drawing on a mixed-methods study in Shanghai, this paper examines ‘micro-neoliberalism’ in China’s education system, i.e. privatization and marketization at the individual, family, and institutional levels, with focus on blurring boundaries between public schooling and private supplementary tutoring. Some dimensions of these processes resulted from deliberate macro-level policies to decentralize control of schooling, raise performance, and empower private education. Other dimensions arose from the market behavior of individuals, families, and institutions that countered government efforts to steer parental choice of schools and to reduce disparities between schools. Education policies are enacted not only in schools but also in the shadow sector which is commonly overlooked. This paper focuses on Shanghai but has implications for other parts of China; and since shadow education is expanding as a global phenomenon, it also has relevance to many other countries.     

民办高校思想政治教育模式探析

本文阐述了民办高校思想政治教育模式相关概念,并针对民办高校思想政治教育模式存在的问题,有针对性地提出了对策措施。     

Game theory and educational policy: Private education legislation in China

This article presents a game theory analysis of legislating private education in China, based on set of primary and secondary documents related to this issue. The article argues that shaping educational legislation is a dynamic, repeated game of negotiation, cooperation, and/or competition on multiple occasions among various interested actors, including lawmaking institutions, each with its own goals, authorities, information sources, and strategies. This article suggests that game theory complements existing models for understanding the politics of educational legislation in China, and it elucidates the implications and limitations of using this approach to understand the dynamics and complexity of educational policymaking.     

困囿·价值·理路：人工智能赋能职业教育评价改革

传统的职业教育评价存在着评价主体单一、评价内容片面、评价方式简单、评价功能弱化等困境。在信息时代背景下,以人工智能为代表的现代化信息技术优化评价成为职业教育改革与发展的重要着力点。人工智能技术驱动形成多元评价的格局,契合学生的全面发展,打造评价的智慧场域,发挥评价的应然价值。为确保人工智能技术应用于职业教育评价的合理可能,在职业教育高质量发展中发挥积极作用,需转变评价思想,完善评价支撑基础,研制指标评价体系,完善评价机制保障。     

Exploring the potential rationale for the privatization of higher education in China

The last three decades have witnessed great social, political and economic change in China since the market reforms in the late 1970s. A market economy was adopted as a replacement to the planned economy in order to allocate resources more efficiently. Consequently, higher education in China has undergone dramatic reforms to adapt to this socio-economic transition. This paper adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining fieldwork data with documentary analysis, to investigate the rationales of privatization in Chinese universities. It starts by examining the conceptualization of privatization. This is followed by an introduction of the public/private mix in the higher education sector in China. It then turns to explore drivers of the higher education reforms. A key contribution of this paper therefore is a systematic examination of the causes and the aims of privatization identified in Western literature set in the context of radical change as seen in the Chinese context. Drawing to fieldwork data, this paper presents findings that stand in conflict with prior studies. This investigation of the implementation of the Chinese privatization reveals both common features shared with Western practice but also a special uniqueness. It concludes by arguing that the neo-liberal reforms in higher education in China is likely to be used as a contingency strategy to encourage private spending, rather than suggesting a paradigm shift in university governance.     

浅析民办普通高校思想政治教育中的赏识教育

赏识教育的应用是促进民办普通高校思想政治教育发展的一种有效方法。本文通过对在民办普通高校思想政治教育中实施赏识教育的分析,阐述了在高校思想政治教育中实施赏识教育的原因以及实施赏识教育的措施等各个方面的解析。得出赏识教育能克服学生的自卑心理,也无限激发学生学习的源动力,引导学生体会成功的快乐,还可以帮助学生重塑辉煌。     

人工智能技术在汉语教学中的应用

为促进人工智能技术在我国汉语教学中的应用,实现人工智能技术与汉语教学的深度融合,对相关技术进行梳理,并列举教学应用实例,分析人工智能技术在汉语教学中的应用现状,总结案例主要应用场景、功能与实际应用中的难题。在对人工智能汉语教育全面认识的基础上,构建人工智能汉语教学应用框架,并提出相关应用建议。     

对我国基础教育中环境教育政策的回顾和前瞻

本文对我国基础教育中环境教育政策的演化轨迹进行了回顾 ,并根据环境教育政策的目标选择、内容、性质和表现方式变化呈阶段性的特点 ,将我国基础教育中的环境教育政策划分为起步阶段、发展阶段、重新定向阶段、深化扩展等四个阶段。通过对各阶段环境教育政策的分析 ,揭示了我国基础教育中环境教育政策在进一步发展中亟待解决的一些问题     

关于人工智能与人类智能的比较思考

人工智能本质上是对人类智能的功能模拟，二者虽然存在着一定的相似之处，但由于其思维的物质承担者不同，在智能活动中的地位和思维程序了悄同，所以有本质的区别，人工智能没有人类智能所特有的创造性和社会性，只不过是人类智能的延伸，至多只是部分地超越人类智能，在整体上是不能最终代替和战胜人类智能的。     

民国时期私立高等教育政策探析

中国近代意义上的私立高等教育发轫于清朝末年,但其正式确立和获得发展则是在民国时期,当时的政府对私人兴办高等教育采取鼓励和支持的政策功能不可没。当前我国民办高等教育正处于发展时期,借鉴历史经验教训,制定发展民办高等教育的政策,积极鼓励和大力支持,建立健全各项法规制度,加强宏观管理并给民办高校部分经费资助。     

论人工智能融入高校思想政治教育的深层逻辑

对于高校思想政治教育而言,人工智能既是实践背景,也是技术工具,更是发展契机。从现实来看,人工智能的深度融入与标准化应用能够为有效识别教育对象的思想动态、提升教育内容的精准程度、拓展思想政治教育的空间维度注入新的技术动能,且已经成为高校思想政治教育创新发展的必然趋势。但在价值前提、技术限度和具体操作层面也存在隐私保护与意识形态安全隐患、教育主体性迷失、教育关系数据化、专门人才匮乏等诸多潜在风险及现实难题。因此,必须辩证看待人工智能的技术动能与潜在风险,高扬教育价值理性,加强技术监管,锻造智慧型育人队伍,合理界定人工智能的融入边界和适用范围,将人之主体能动性与机器之智能优势强强结合,积极探寻教育与技术的共存共荣之路,自觉建构高校思想政治教育的智能形态。     

市场经济语境中的高校思想政治教育

市场经济是当代社会语境中的"关键词",以其特殊的言说方式影响中高校思想政治教育。文章在分析语境的趋利性、竞争性和创新性特质的基础上,分析了市场经济对高校思想政治教育的双向影响。作为承担特定阶级价值观、道德观的思想政治教育,一方面必须适应而不能回避市场经济;另一方面又不能仅囿于适应市场经济,而是要实现超越性和引导性。在适应中超越,在超越中适应,螺旋上升,层递发展。