Building and sustaining community in asynchronous learning networks

This article applies the concept of classroom community to asynchronous learning networks (ALNs) by taking on the issue of how best to design and implement a course that fosters community among learners who are physically separated from each other. The following factors that can influence sense of community among distant learners are examined: student–instructor ratio, transactional distance, social presence and instructor immediacy, lurking, social equality, collaborative learning, group facilitation, and self-directed learning.     

福建闽清黄槠林群落特征及多样性的研究

黄槠林是我国特有珍贵用材树种。通过对福建闽清黄槠林群落的特征及多样性进行分析,结果表明:在乔木层,黄槠在群落中占有绝对的优势地位;在灌木层,栲树、山血丹、黄瑞木、闽楠等物种比较占优势;而在草本层则体现为链珠藤优势明显。黄槠林群落不同层次的物种多样性大小依次为灌木层〉乔木层〉草本层。     

基于连接矩阵的社区发现算法

以分歧点和矩阵连通度为依据,通过矩阵初等行列变换划分网络社区的算法,可准确划分社区个数已知的网络,其算法简捷清晰,复杂度相对较低.     

利用混合神经网络辨识Hammerstein模型的方法

研究了Hammerstein模型的辨识问题 ,并考虑了多输入多输出 (MIMO)情况 .提出一种混合神经网络辨识模型 ,该模型由一个多层前馈神经网络 (MFNN)与一个线性神经网络 (LNN)串联而成 .给出了一个反向传播 (BP)算法同步训练该混合神经网络的权值和阈值 .仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性 .     

神经网络的信息系统

模糊显示逻辑ＦＥＬ是神经网络的形式描述，在逻辑推理方面代表了神经网络的能力，信息系统则是处理信息的片断，可以用于构造语义域，本文把网络的结点作为信息片断，构造ＦＥＬ的信息系统     

Does Religious Education as an examination subject work to promote community cohesion? An empirical enquiry among 14- to 15-year-old adolescents in England and Wales

This study begins by examining the way in which, in both England and Wales, Religious Education has become implicated in political discussion regarding the role of education in promoting community cohesion. The relationship between taking Religious Education as an examination subject and attitude towards religious diversity (as an affective indicator of community cohesion) is then explored among 3052 14- to 15-year-old students. After controlling for contextual factors (school type and geographical location), personal factors (sex and age), psychological factors (psychoticism, neuroticism and extraversion) and religious factors (Christian affiliation, worship attendance, personal prayer and belief in God), a small but significant positive association was found between taking Religious Education as an examination subject and attitude towards religious diversity. This finding may be interpreted as supporting the view that Religious Education works to promote community cohesion, although the wider debate that the community cohesion agenda has generated among religious educators needs further exploration.     

Decentralized Control Based on FNNSMC for Interconnected Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

针对一类具有高阶关联项的大系统提出了一种新型控制器———模糊神经网络滑模控制器,该控制器将模糊神经网络与滑模控制器有机结合,消除了一般滑模控制器中的高频颤动现象,同时不需要知道系统中的不确定性和扰动的上界．实例仿真说明了控制器不仅能得到好的控制效果,而且具有比一般滑模控制器强的鲁棒性     

Bottom-up approaches to strengthening child protection systems: Placing children,families, and communities at the center

Efforts to strengthen national child protection systems have frequently taken a top-down approach of imposing formal, government-managed services. Such expert-driven approaches are often characterized by low use of formal services and the misalignment of the nonformal and formal aspects of the child protection system. This article examines an alternative approach of community-driven, bottom-up work that enables nonformal–formal collaboration and alignment, greater use of formal services, internally driven social change, and high levels of community ownership. The dominant approach of reliance on expert-driven Child Welfare Committees produces low levels of community ownership. Using an approach developed and tested in rural Sierra Leone, community-driven action, including collaboration and linkages with the formal system, promoted the use of formal services and achieved increased ownership, effectiveness, and sustainability of the system. The field needs less reliance on expert-driven approaches and much wider use of slower, community-driven, bottom-up approaches to child protection.     

温州城市社区建设的若干思考

20世纪90年代以来,与全国各地的城市一样,温州城市兴起的社区建设,是我国改革开放的必然产物,也是城市经济社会发展的必然产物。本文着重阐明了温州城市社区建设的发展优势、现实状况,指导思想和发展对策。     

论社区党建工作

江泽民同志提出的社区党建是党建理论在新的历史时期的运用和发展。为此,充分认识社区党建工作的重要意义,进一步叫确社区党建工作的指导思想、主要职责、目标和作用,并从理论与实际结合上深入探讨社区党建工作的若干问题。     

论社区矫正中的社区服务——对境外社区服务刑的借鉴

社区矫正是一种不使罪犯与社会隔离并利用社区资源教育改造罪犯的方法,社区矫正在西方已经有了较长时间的发展,并取得了广泛认同。社区服务作为社区矫正的一个重要形式,在许多西方国家以社区服务刑的方式作为刑罚的一种加以确定。文章试对国外社区服务刑的特点及社区服务刑的意义加以概括,认为现阶段我国社区矫正制度才刚刚开始发展,不适宜直接将社区服务作为一种刑罚单独适用,但可以借鉴国外的相关经验,并据此对我国社区矫正中的社区服务提出几点建议。     

改进社区工作管理，大力推进社区建设

随着城镇化进程的加快,我国社区建设工作取得了一些成绩,但也存在管理体制不顺、经费保障不力、干部队伍建设亟待加强、社区安全与稳定存在隐患、改制型社区体制转换过程中遗留问题多等矛盾和问题,需要理顺关系。改进社区工作管理需落实社区的自治功能,实行社区工作准入制,改进考核办法,切实理顺社区管理体制,健全和完善社区工作机制,推进社区的规范化建设。     

国外社区教育与社区发展及其对我国的启示

国外社区教育的发展较早,尤其是西方国家,它们在社区教育的理论与实践发展中取得了丰富的成果,并且在通过社区教育促进社区发展方面也取得了实效。国外的经验将给我国社区教育与社区发展提供一些较好的启示。     

基于项目流行度的个性化重排序模型

现有推荐模型经常优先考虑推荐准确度而忽略推荐多样性和新颖性,导致推荐结果类型单一且不可避免地被流行项目占据。鉴于此,提出一种重排序模型,该模型在原有推荐模型基础上加入项目流行度和用户偏好,通过调节补偿分数的大小以控制用户最终TOP-K推荐列表新颖项目的比例,达到提高用户个性化推荐列表多样性的效果。通过在公开数据集的实验结果表明,该模型的ILS指标与传统方法相比分别降低了79.96%和7%,Novelty指标分别降低了0.73%和2.11%,有助于降低用户的列表内相似度,增加推荐新颖性。     

Nonlinear Time-Varying Systems Identification Using Basis Sequence Expansions Combined with Neural Networks

A new method for identifying nonlinear time-vaying systems with unknown structure is presented,The method extends the application ar5ea of basis sequence identification.The essential idea is to utilize the learning and nonlinear approximating ability of neural networks to model the non-linearity of the system,characterize time-varying dynamics of the system by the time-varying parametric vector of the network ,then the parametric vector of the network is approximated by a weighted sum of known basis sequences,Because of black-box modeling ability of neural networks,the presented method can identify noninear time-varying systems with unknown structure,In order to improver the real-time capability of the algorithm ,the neural network is trained by a simple fast learning algorthm based on local least squares presented by the authors,The effectiveness and the perfomence of the method are demonstrate3d by some simulation results.     

中国学校与社区的教育共同体演进与构建

共同体的核心是通过互动合作而形成的一种相互依存、和谐共生的关系。共生理论认为,精神共同体是共同体存在的前提与发展的方向,制度共同体是共同体有效运行的保障,实践共同体则是最终达成共同体目标的关键。教育共同体同样是由精神、制度和实践三个层面组成的一种共生关系,其内涵是以共同的精神信仰、一致的教育目标为支撑;规则、制度的维系是教育共同体运行的必要条件;以开放共享、自治为特征。上述三个方面可作为审视20世纪以来中国校社教育共同体的演进历程及其构建问题的框架。我国学校与社区从两个在精神上相对独立的组织逐步走向具有共同目标的精神共同体;在制度层面,政策与法规从单一规定学校教育服务于社区走向规定校社双向合作发展,校社合作从外部指令性制度走向内在自生性的制度;在实践层面,从学校教育单向服务社区走向校社合作互动。我国校社教育共同体的构建走过了曲折的历程,今天校社教育共同体的建立,应从精神、制度及实践三个层面去深化。校社教育共同体的建立,必须承认并尊重共同体中学校与社区各自独特的存在价值,融合共生,最终使学校与社区的教育都能在更高的水平上实现各有特色的发展。     

社区教育课程建设探讨——基于社区大学视角

社区教育课程建设是当前社区大学以社区教育为己任面临的迫切任务。社区教育的功能特性决定了社区教育课程具有整合性、文化性、现实性、地域性、技能性等基本特性。根据当前我国社区大学社区教育课程开发存在的不足,社区教育课程建设应该加强需求调研,提高课程的适切度,建立科学的课程开发机制和制定社区教育课程标准,在推动特色课程开发,提高职业技能课程开发比重以及加快社区大学网络课程教育平台等方面满足市民终身学习需要。     

Epidemiology and the Bologna Saga

This paper discusses the driving forces behind the Bologna process, its advantages and possible negative effects. It also analyses the dangers that may result in commoditisation of the European higher education systems, in emergence of rigid accreditation systems and of a centralised bureaucracy that will impair innovation and creativity.The paper develops the idea that the Bologna process may be interpreted as a step in the neo-liberal movement to decrease the social responsibility of the state by shortening the length of pre-graduate studies and transferring responsibility for supporting employability to individuals through graduate studies.Consideration is also given to the mechanisms and forces behind the Bologna process that try to present an apparent climate of consensus despite some obvious difficulties and disagreements at the level of implementation.     

Organizational Response to the Demand and Expectation for Diversity

This study examines the interplay of institutional environments and organizational contexts in shaping the responses of four professional schools (public health, business, social work, and engineering) to diversity-related pressures, expectations, requirements, and incentives. The role of market demand in structuring postsecondary approaches to diversity is of particular interest.