Differing to agree: a reply to Hammersley and Abraham

In this paper Gewirtz and Cribb offer a response to Hammersley and Abraham's criticisms of their arguments about the place of values in social research published in this issue of BJSE. In doing so, they make clear that most of the positions that Hammersley and Abraham attribute to them are ones that they do not identify with and that, like Hammersley and Abraham, they would reject. In order to further clarify and specify their own position, Gewirtz and Cribb argue that: their advocacy of ethical reflexivity rests on the assumption that there are many incompatible sets of values in play within even a single vantage point; researchers should sometimes take an interest in knowledge use although they should not always be required to do so; and, whilst at the level of propositions it is always possible to abstract out and distinguish between factual claims and value claims, at the level of practice there can be significant resonances and linkages between the two, so it is important to be ethically reflexive about these entanglements. Finally, the authors agree that values should not be seen purely as a source of contamination but that attention to values can help to underpin ‘objectivity’.     

Given to theatrics: how to agree with your critic on the qualities of qualitative research

Editor's note:An article by Kathleen Gershman, “Surviving Through Time: A Life History of a High‐School Drama Production,” was published in volume 1, number 3 of QSE.The article was responded to in the next issue by John Bengston, an educational psychologist with an interest in drama and qualitative research. In his article, “What makes a study qualitative?,” Bengston draws a connection between the rigors demanded by theater productions and the demands of qualitative research. In the following article Gershman responds.     

教育部关于同意建立北京城市学院的通知

北京市人民政府: 你市《关于申请批准海淀走读大学实施本科学历教育的函》(京政函[2002]1号)和北京市教委《关于海淀走读大学变更校名的函》(京教计[2003]28号)收悉。     

Alternatives to rules for knowledge-based modelling

The technology of knowledge-based systems undoubtedly offers potential for educational modelling, yet its practical impact on today's school classrooms is very limited. To an extent this is because the tools presently used in schools are mostly rule-based expert system shells, which lack usability. We developed three alternative tools, using ideas from knowledge acquisition research, and compared their effectiveness to that of an established rule-based shell. Children working with the new tools produced higher quality models and developed more positive attitudes. We relate these findings to the forms of representation provided by the new tools and present evidence that modelling increases children's representational skill. We conclude that knowledge acquisition systems and alternative forms of representation can contribute to improved forms of knowledge-based modelling.     

丰田凌志SC400发动机启动不着的故障分析

由于电脑在汽车上的应用，又增加了许多新型的装置和元件，在进行排除故障时，必须要知道本款车型的各元件的构造与工作原理以及检修方法、电气线路的原理图，元件在车上的位置等，而且要学会使用电脑解码器、波形分析仪、数字万用表、燃油嘴清洗仪等多种先进的汽车故障诊断检测设备。     

遵循记忆规律 提高记忆能力

高中生物学涉及的基本概念、基础知识较多,如果能遵循记忆规律,采取科学的记忆方法来记忆,可起到事半功倍的学习效果,列举了多种记忆规律并举例加以说明。在生物教学过程中,教师要引导学生遵循记忆的客观规律,采取灵活多样的记忆方法来高效地学习。     

Imitative problem solving: Why transfer of learning often fails to occur

The paper presents empirical evidence for imitativeproblem solving and the Interpretation Theorydescribed in Robertson and Kahney (1996). According tothe theory beginners use imitation as their primary problem solving method when learning about an unfamiliar domain. Imitative problem solving can explain much of the evidence that analogical transfereven within a domain is often hard to find. The paperpresents an analysis of algebra word problems topredict in detail exactly where solvers will havedifficulty in using a worked out example to solveeither a close or distant variant of the problem type.In a 2 × between-groups design, secondary schoolstudents were given an explanation of an algebra wordproblem taken from Reed et al. (1985)or an explanation of the problem that also includedinformation about how the solution could be adapted tosolve a distant variant. They were then given eithera close or distant variant to solve. Results were inline with the predictions derived from theInterpretation Theory analysis.     

China Heads to Europe to Recruif Fashion Talent

Last summer ,Peter Ng traveled to Nottingham Trent University in England,home to one of Europe's top design     

把握原则和规律 做好实验室管理工作

总结了以服务师生为根本,进行精细化管理;以科学规范为标准,严格执行标准操作程序;以不断学习创新为动力,实现实验室管理模式的创新;以协调合作、提高执行力为保障的实验室管理工作经验,以此不断推动实验室管理工作的科学发展。     

关联规则的相关性研究

指出了支持--可信度框架理论存在的不足:有些规则即使支持度、可信度都很高,但仍然没有实际意义;关联规则X Y本身没有给用户提供X对Y是起积极作用还是起抑制作用等信息.引入关联规则的相关度及相关规则概念来克服这种不足,同时指出,相关规则不仅给用户提供了更多信息,而且避免了一些无意义规则的产生.     

基于判别规则的最小不一致知识子集识别

为解释本体中概念不满足的原因,利用2个对等转换（即公理细化和本体约减）与3个判别规则识别不满足概念C的最小不一致知识子集（MUPS）.其中,判别规则基于不满足概念的传递性,将MUPS分为3类：完全依赖于C（MUPSf）、传递依赖于C（MUPSt）和不确定依赖于C（MUPSu）.实验结果表明：在本体不满足概念的MUPS中,MUPSt往往占大多数,但只有MUPSf可以明确指出概念不满足的根本原因.本体建模人员和领域专家可以采用迭代修复方式,每一次修复只考虑MUPSf,以提高修复效率.所得分类结果对于从修复角度评价本体质量以及指导修复工作都具有重要意义.