Teachers' and students' conceptions of ability in elementary physical education

Using Nicholl's (1989) and Dweck 's (1999, 2002) theories on ability as conceptual frameworks, this study explored teachers' and students' conceptions of ability in elementary physical education. Participants were 8 physical education specialists from five public schools and 160 students from their second- and fourth-grade classes. Teacher and student interviews and questionnaires were used for data collection. When asked to describe the "best" and "poorest" students in their physical education classes, teachers defined or referenced student status solely in terms of class behavior and effort, such as participation and working hard. In contrast, students primarily used ability-related indicators, such as task mastery and social comparison along with class behavior as criteria of their own ability. Overall, teachers and students had different views of "good" students in elementary physical education. In an era of standards-based learning and accountability in education, teachers may need to focus more on a task-involved climate by taking into account student learning and achievement.     

Teachers' stories: physical education teachers' constructions and experiences of masculinity within secondary school physical education

Physical education (PE) and sport have traditionally been identified by scholars as a key mechanism for the production and reproduction of a culturally esteemed ideal of masculinity, premised upon being stoic, strong, competitive, sexist and homophobic. Yet, more recent research reflects a change in valued masculinity as a response to declining cultural homohysteria. As such, this preliminary study looks to establish how PE teachers understand and construct masculinities within the educational environment. Through in-depth interviews, we find participants recognised many elements of softer masculinities, described in inclusive masculinities literature, as being performed by contemporary teenagers. This includes being emotionally open, embracing a more effeminate taste in dress and being increasingly physically tactile. However, we also found that the PE teachers have a cohort variance in their masculine values, with those socialised in sport through the 1980s showing the most orthodox and oppressive views.     

An examination of the multidimensionality of situational interest in elementary school physical education

It has been demonstrated that situational interest in physical activity may derive from five dimensional sources, Novelty, Optimal Challenge, Attention Demand, Exploration Intent, and Instant Enjoyment. The purpose of this study was to examine the multidimensional sources in elementary school physical education. The five dimensions were measured in 5,717 students in third, fourth, and fifth grades from a random sample of 30 elementary schools. Students' responses were randomly divided into two samples for a two-step confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed that the five dimensions are primary sources of situational interest for elementary school physical education. The findings implied that situational interest should be taken into account as a necessary curricular component in elementary physical education.     

感觉统合训练对小学体育教学的启示

通过对感觉统合与感觉统合失调的概念与机制、发生原因与危害,以及感觉统合训练概念与理论依据、效应等进行分析与研究。指出人对外界的正确应答能力是不同感觉刺激在大脑中经无数次统合训练而习得的;儿童的感觉统合失调既有神经解剖学原因,也与刺激量与类别的缺失有关;其危害主要表现在学习障碍、心理障碍、社会适应障碍以及社会行为与生活能力障碍等方面;而感觉统合训练是防治儿童感觉统合失调的一种有效方法。在此基础上,提出了针对学童感觉统合失调问题的小学体育教学建议。     

多元体育学习评价对中小学生体育学习兴趣的影响

对青岛、东莞、重庆、泉州、厦门和蚌埠等实验基地的小学、初中、高中共6所学校进行实验研究。结果显示,不论是课改实验区还是非课改实验区,多元体育学习评价均能有效地激发中小学生的体育学习兴趣,引导学生学会体育学习,激励其不断进步与发展;在提高学生的体育学习兴趣方面,多元体育学习评价运用的效果课改实验区明显好于非课改实验区;多元体育学习评价对于不同学段和不同性别学生的体育学习兴趣会产生不同的影响,建议在下一步的体育学习评价改革中给予高中生和初中女生更多的关注。     

中小学体育教学改革存在的问题与对策

从体育教学的目标、内容、过程、评价等方面探讨中小学体育教学改革存在的问题，并提出了相应的解决对策，以期使体育教学改革得巳顺利进行。     

构建我国中小学体育教学质量系统工程的思考

从《体育与健康课程标准》的建立到体育教师课堂教学行为的改善,这之间犹如隔着一条鸿沟,架起《体育与健康课程标准》与课堂教学行为鸿沟之间的桥梁是未来深化体育课程改革的一项重要任务.应在《体育与健康课程标准》和课堂教学行为之间建立体育课堂教学质量标准、体育教师质量标准、体育教师课堂教学行为规范和体育教师评价工具,构建完善的体育教学质量体系,确保《体育与健康课程标准》的精神和要求能够更好落实到课堂教学行为上.     

生命化教育与学校体育教学

生命是教育的基础,教育是为了提高人的生命质量而进行的。学校体育教学作为学校基础教育的重要组成部分,应关注学生作为“整体的人”的发展,引领学生学会生存和做人。从生命化教育的视角构建了新型的体育教学理念、课堂文化、课程内容和课程评价。     

Teachers' reports of student misbehavior in physical education

Classroom management, and, more specifically, the management of student behavior, is an essential skill for and central concern of physical education teachers. Surprisingly little information is known, however about the specific nature of student behaviors that might negatively affect the class environment. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' reports of student behaviors that may create management issues in physical education classes. Over 300 teachers representing a range of grade levels and school contexts completed a survey related to the frequency of potentially negative student behaviors. Many types of misbehaviors were reported, but the most common were mild. Teachers' reports varied by sex, years of teaching experience, and school context.     

Seasonal variations in physical fitness among elementary school children

Abstract

There is empirical evidence that children’s physical activity is dependent on climatic conditions. In addition, a correlation between physical activity level and physical fitness has been identified. In this longitudinal study, we investigate whether seasons have an influence on physical fitness. A total of 145 German elementary school children were tested every six months over a two-year period. We used the German Motor Test 6–18 to assess physical fitness. Performance in the 6-min endurance run (P < 0.001), bidirectional jumping (P < 0.001), the standing long jump (P = 0.026), the 20 m sprint (P = 0.006) and the stand-and-reach task (P = 0.017) was significantly better in summer than in winter. There were no differences in the ability to balance backwards (P = 0.120); in the winter, the results for push-ups (P < 0.001) and sit-ups (P < 0.001) were better than those in the summer. We have shown that physical fitness is significantly influenced by the season. Consequently, when children’s fitness tests are used (e.g. as the basis for intervention programs, for classifying health-risk groups or for recognising talent), the season in which testing occurred should be reported and accounted for in future studies.     

中学体育教学中的合作教育

中学体育教学中的合作教育强化了学校体育的德育功能，有益于学校体育中德育内容的完善和德育对象的发展。中学体育教学中的合作教育，主要是对学生进行合作意识、合作精神、合作技能和合作道德教育。为实现教育目标，采取的教育策略是：努力克服影响合作的不良意识．坚持以合作教学方式为手段，为学生创设良好的合作机会，正确处理合作与竞争的关系。     

健康教育与学校体育的宗旨

目前我国大、中、小学生的体质和健康状况令人担忧，难以达到国家间国力竞争中人才健康基本素质的要求。为此．学校体育确立健康第一的指导思想是顺应时代发展的需要．是广大体育教育工作者最为关注和亟待解决的问题．分析各种人群的健康现状．强调健康教育在学校体育中的重要性．树立全新的体育健康教育观。     

学校体育教学公平问题透视

以教育公平理论为依据,结合体育教学的具体特点,阐释体育教学公平的规定性,分析体育教学资源分配公平问题与原因,对增进体育教学公平的途径进行探讨。     

学校体育的伦理审视

伦理具有深刻的批判反思与自我反省功能,同时,这种批判反思与自我反省功能直指学校体育这一伦理实体中的每一个人的内心世界.因此从伦理去审视学校体育对于促进学校体育的发展具有积极而深刻的意义.学生体育权利的保障和实现离不开伦理对学校体育"实然"状态的反思和批判.同样,学校体育的健康、持续、高效开展也离不开伦理的价值导向与行为规约.学校体育由"实然"状态向"应然"状态的转变,需要我们在学校体育价值取向上确立关怀生命的价值取向,重视学校体育的个体享用功能,在体育教学方面努力做到体育教学的公平与正义,在课外体育活动方面努力通过制度措施保障学生自由、平等参与体育活动权利的实现,在学校运动竞赛方面确立竞赛活动的人文性、游戏性、教育性、非功利性.     

论体力活动与学校体育

深入探讨了体力活动的定义、理论意义，体力活动在学校体育中的理论地位以及体力活动的相关知识和技能对学生体育实践的意义，以引起学校体育工作对这一概念的重视。     

小学体育教学中的人格教育

培养学生良好的人格品质是小学教育肩负的重要责任，而体育与健康教育的目的不仅是增进学生身体健康，更是要与德育、智育和美育相结合，使学生成为身心健康、全面发展的人。     

试论健身运动与学校体育

从全民健身作为社会化的组成部分．提出了健身运动的价值观念与学校体育教育的改革;学校体育教学要以培养跨世纪的人才为核心．转变学校体育教育观念．以体育健身运动为准绳,建设学校体育基本框架;把健身教育贯穿于学校体育教育中．为终身体育健身奠定良好的基础。     

全纳教育思想对学校体育教育的启示

通过文献资料法,对全纳教育的提出背景、定义和基本理念进行了研究.为了使学校体育能够融入全纳教育思想,应使学校体育得到进一步的重视,坚持"以人为本"的教育理念,加强体育课程建设和教师的培养,注重学生体育学习评价体系的建设,建立具有全纳理念的学校体育管理制度.     

Exergaming impact on physical activity and interest in elementary school children

In this study, I explored the impact of exergaming on in-class physical activity (PA) and motivation in physical education. Elementary children participated in a 4-week exergaming unit and a 4-week fitness unit. A t test showed the children's in-class PA in the exergaming unit was significantly lower than in the fitness unit. Results also indicated that students' situational interest in exergaming was significantly higher than in the fitness unit at the beginning and end of instruction. Children's interest declined significantly in both units and at the same rate. The evidence suggests that exergames may have strong motivational power but it is premature to claim they will increase physical activity enough for children to receive health benefits in physical education.