静态顶空-气质联用法快速测定油漆中苯系物

采用静态顶空-气相色谱质谱联用法(HS-GC/MS),对不同油漆中苯及同系物进行含量测定。在样品分散剂DMSO、平衡温度120℃、平衡时间60 min等优化的静态顶空进样条件下,进行了方法学的考察。苯及同系物的线性良好,回归方程相关系数大于0.99,3个不同浓度水平的加标回收率大于70%。实验结果表明,样品中苯及同系物含量的相对标准偏差(RSD)10%,数据准确、重复性好。同时,HS-GC/MS快速、简便、可靠,是检测油漆等化工品中苯及同系物含量的有效方法。     

麦滋林-S颗粒中薁磺酸钠的分光光度法测定

对麦滋林-S颗粒中的薁磺酸钠用分光光度法进行测定.以水为溶剂,测定波长为568 nm,该方法在40～480μg/ml范围呈良好的线性,相关系数为0.9999,平均回收率为99.46%,RSD为1.09%,测定结果与HPLC法一致方法简便、省时,结果准确.     

HPLC测定明胶空心胶囊中对羟基苯甲酸酯类的含量

建立明胶空心胶囊中对羟基苯甲酸酯类含量测定方法.方法:用反相HPLC法测定对羟基苯甲酸酯类的含量,色谱柱:迪马公司钻石二代150*4.6mm 5μm,流动相:甲醇-0.02mol/L醋酸铵(58:42),检测波长254nm,流速:1.0ml/min,进样量:10μl,柱温35℃.结果:羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、羟苯丙酯、羟苯丁酯的在μg/ml～36μg/ml线性范围内,均有良好的线形关系,相关系数均大于0.999平均回收率分别为100.1%、99.8%、99.6%、100.3%.RSD分别为0.29%、0.37%、0.21%、0.43%.结论:本法测定明胶空心胶囊中对羟基苯甲酸酯类的含量快速、灵敏、准确、可作为明胶空心胶囊的质量控制标准之一.     

室内空气中总挥发性有机物检测方法的优化

建立了热脱附-毛细管气相色谱法测定室内环境空气中苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、十一烷、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯等挥发性有机物的检测方法.该方法的色谱分析时间为20 min,比GB 50325-2010方法的52 min缩短了32 min,各物质峰分离程度均高于98%.9种挥发性有机物在一定浓度范围内标准曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0．998~0．999之间,检出限均低于5．0x10-4 mg/m3（采样体积1．0 L计）.实际样品的检测结果表明该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、数据准确可靠,满足分析要求.     

顶空气相色谱法测定氨氯地平中间体中残留苯及其同系物的含量

建立了顶空气相色谱法测定氨氯地平中间体邻苯二甲酰亚胺氨氯地平(PHTHALOYL AM LOD IP INE)中残留苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的方法。实验结果表明:苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯均在0.1-64ΜG/ML浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9992、0.9994、0.9987、0.9993和0.9995;加标回收率和相对标准偏差分别在96.2%-103.7%和2.7%-3.4%之间。本法操作简便,结果准确,是测定药物中间体中残留有机溶剂苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的有效方法。     

苯酚-硫酸法测定葡萄酒中多糖含量

利用苯酚-硫酸法对葡萄酒中的多糖含量进行了测定,同时比较了葡萄酒不同前处理的实验结果.苯酚-硫酸法建立的标准曲线为A=0.072 6C+0.001 6,相关系数r=0.999 8,回收率在99.17%～100.3%之间.葡萄酒前处理时,用醋酸铅做沉淀剂,在70℃下沉淀20 min后过滤测定.结果表明:沉淀处理有助于排除杂质干扰,有效减少稀释倍数.     

痕量苯酚阻抑动力学光度法的测定

文章研究了稀硫酸介质中,痕量苯酚阻抑溴酸钾氧化中性红褪色的指示反应,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量苯酚的新方法。结果表明,在0.1~5μg/ml范围内符合比耳定律,检出限为0.01065!g/mL。该法用于工业废水中苯酚的测定,结果满意。     

HPLC测定食用菜籽油中β-谷甾醇的含量

以β＿谷甾醇作为标准品,70℃下在KOH＿EtOH溶液中皂化1h,用正己烷萃取,在水浴中挥干正己烷,残留物用甲醇溶解,采用HPLC建立了一种测定菜籽油中β＿谷甾醇含量的方法.β＿谷甾醇在10min内能得到很好分离,该方法测定的回收率在95 5%～104 5%之间.实验结果表明,采用HPLC能够快速准确的测定食用油中β＿谷甾醇的含量.     

β-环糊精对室内空气中苯系物净化作用的研究

将苯、甲苯、二甲苯蒸气分别通入β-环糊精填充柱，尾气用正庚烷吸收得苯系物正庚烷溶液。用紫外分光光度计测定β-环糊精吸收前后的苯系物正庚烷溶液的吸光度，从而确定β-环糊精对苯系物包合吸收作用的强弱。研究结果表明每克β-环糊精对苯、甲苯、二甲苯的饱和吸收量分别为0．54ml、0．63ml和0．62ml，β-环糊精对室内空气中苯系物的净化效果良好。     

2-羟基-4-磺酰氨基苯-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯的合成及与汞的显色反应

合成了新的三氮烯试剂———2-羟基-4-磺酰氨基苯-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯。研究了在TritonX-100表面活性剂存在下与汞的显色反应。在pH=10.0~11.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂与汞形成2:1型浅黄色配合物。配合物的最大吸收峰位于λ=535nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.21×105L?mol-1?cm-1。Hg2+的浓度在0~12μg/25mL范围内符合比尔定律,相关系数r=0.9994。该方法的检出限量为0.5μg/25mL。用拟定方法测定工业废水中的汞,五次测定的RSD<3%,加标回收率为98.2%~102.5%。     

Catalytic Activity of Cr(VI) in the Degradation of Phenol by H2O2 Under Acidic Conditions

Cr(VI) and phenol are toxic contaminants that need to be treated, and different methods have been researched to simultaneously remove these two contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, Cr(VI) was used as a novel Fenton-like catalyst in phenol degradation by H₂O₂. In the pH range of 3.0‒11.0, the degradation efficiency of phenol decreased with elevated pH. At pH = 3.0, 100 mg/L phenol was effectively degraded by 2 mmol/L Cr(VI) and 20 mmol/L H₂O₂. At pH = 7.0 and the same conditions as those of pH = 3.0, 79% of 100 mg/L phenol was removed within 6 h, which was an improvement in pH limitation compared with the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction. Quenching experiments indicated that ^·OH generated from the catalysis of H₂O₂ by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI) was the primary oxidant that degraded phenol. When pyrophosphate was added in the Cr(VI)/H₂O₂ system, complexes with the Cr(V) intermediate rapidly formed and inhibited H₂O₂ decomposition, implying that the decomposition of H₂O₂ to ^·OH was catalyzed by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI). The presence of anions such as chloride and sulfate had insignificant effect on the degradation of phenol. TOC and UV analyses suggest that phenol could not be completely oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O, and the intermediates identified by high performance liquid chromatography further indicates that maleic acid and benzoquinone were intermediates which may be further degraded into short chain acids, primarily maleic, formic, acetic, and oxalic acids, and eventually into CO₂ and H₂O. Considering that more than 50% Cr(VI) can also be removed during this process, the Cr(VI)/H₂O₂ system is more appropriate for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol contaminants from industrial wastewater.

     

Fenton氧化工艺在处理炼化废水中苯酚的应用研究

通过正交实验和单因素实验探索了Fenton氧化炼化废水中苯酚的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,Fenton试剂处理苯酚废水时,各影响因素的作用大小顺序是:p H反应温度H2O2投加量反应时间Fe SO4·7H2O投加量;最佳氧化反应条件为:p H=3.5,反应温度为20℃,H2O2投加量为12 m L·L-1,反应时间为30min,Fe SO4·7H2O投加量为450 mg·L-1,此时废水中苯酚的去除率为89.26%,残余苯酚含量为11.76 mg·L-1。因此,用Fenton氧化法处理含苯酚废水是一种非常有效的方法。     

煤气发生炉含酚废水处理工艺与设备的研究

利用发电厂废料"粉煤灰"制备了粉煤灰基无机絮凝剂和有机絮凝剂,将二者复合应用于煤气发生炉含酚废水处理中,并针对煤气发生炉含酚废水的特点设计了含酚废水处理工艺和设备。试验表明,该絮凝剂絮凝效果良好,处理工艺简便,工艺设备成本低,易操作,处理后的煤气炉含酚废水能够达到国家排放标准。     

卤代苯和苯酚的衍生物的结构表征和毒性预测

应用按非氢原子分类的分子电性距离矢量(MEDV)表征了25个卤代苯和苯酚的衍生物的结构，以MDEV为参数通过多元线性回归建立了结构与活性的定量相关模型(R=0．949)．另外，采用逐步回归的方法从原模型中选择3个参数建立一新的定量数学模型(R=0．938)，继以留一法进行交互检验，Rcv^2为0．800，说明模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力，能用来评估和预测卤代苯和苯酚的衍生物的环境行为．     

改性硅藻土处理含氟废水的研究

以改性硅藻土为吸附剂处理工业含氟废水。研究了改性硅藻土用量、pH值、吸附时间等因素对含氟废水中氟的去除效率的影响。结果表明:改性硅藻土加入量为100~150 mg/L,处理时间为60 min,pH值6~9,室温条件下,用氢氧化钠改性并高温活化后的硅藻土对废水中氟离子的去除效果明显优于原土,对含氟废水样的除氟率可达到97%以上,处理后的废水中氟离子浓度达到国家污水排放标准。     

Surfactant scouring wastewater modified bentonites——promising material for unmanageable wastewater treatment

1IntroductionIn recent years,tri meric quaternary ammoniumsur-factants,which have three hydrophobic and three hy-drophilic groups connected bytwo spacer chains,havebeen developed[1-5].The tri meric surfactants appearunique physicochemical properties such …     

洗刷废水改性膨润土--一种有效的废水处理剂

Trimeric quaternary ammonium surfactants are newly developed surfactants, their widespread synthesis and utilization results in a great amount of scouring wasterwater of high COD, which is unmanageable. The present investigation aims to find a new type of organo-bentonites modified by the scouring wastewater and to treat the scouring wastewater at the same time. Results of adsorption experiments of phenol and formaldehyde by the modified bentonite show that, at the optimal ratio 24 % (W/V) of modified bentonite to scouring wastewater, the removal rate of phenol and formaldehyde by FTAT scouring wastewater modified bentonite is 3.53 times and 2.48 times higher than that of Na-bentonite, and the COD of treated scouring wastewater reduces to below 200 mg/L, meeting the second level of Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants from the Ammonia Industry of China.     

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics parameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the moderate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (KS) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS)·h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 ℃-35 ℃. Activation energy (Ea) was 6.05×104 J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment.     

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

INTRODUCTIONInordertogetpliableandelegantterylenefabricjustlikesilk,terylenegreigeclothisalwayspretreatedwithalkali-decompositionprocesswh-ereinterylenegreigeclothishydrolyzedtosomeextentinNaOHsolutionatcertaintemperature(T)andpressure.Duringthisprocess,thesuperficialterylenefibreispeeledofffromtheclothanddis-solvedintosolution,inwhichteryleneacid(TA)andethyleneglycolaredischargedaspollutantsinwastewater.Theobtainedterylenefabricwithsi-lkenwrinkleandsoftfeelingiscalledartificialsilkfabr…     

海藻酸钠固定化菌株JY04降解苯酚特性研究

以苯酚作为唯一碳源和能源的无机盐培养液对从绝缘材料厂排放的活性污泥进行驯化,从中分离筛选到1株苯酚降解菌,编号为JY04.采用正交实验设计方法优化了该菌株固定化条件,并且考察了该固定化细胞降解苯酚的最适条件.结果表明:在固定化条件为海藻酸钠(SA)浓度为5%,湿菌重/包埋剂为6/30,CaCl2浓度为3%时,固定化时间为8 h,降解率可达82.6%,并具有较好的机械强度.确定其对苯酚降解最适条件为pH 7.0,苯酚浓度为400 mg/L,温度32℃,接种量为25 g,培养时间42 h,其苯酚的降解率可达97.3%.该菌株固定化细胞的降解苯酚能力和耐受苯酚能力均大于游离细胞.固定化菌株对苯酚有较强的降解和耐受能力,是处理苯酚废水的良好菌种资源.