Recontextualizing psychosocial development in young children: a model of environmental identity development

This article presents an Environmental Identity Development model, which considers the progression of young children’s self-cognitions in relation to the natural world. We recontextualize four of Erikson’s psychosocial stages, in order to consider children’s identity development in learning in, about, and for the environment. Beginning with Trust in Nature vs. Mistrust in Nature, we argue that cognitions of comfort in the natural world vs. discomfort, provide the foundation for healthy environmental identity development. This trusting bond/relationship with nature allows children to gain Spatial Autonomy through collectively or independently creating their own sense of place in nature vs. feelings of doubt or Environmental Shame. As children progress, they gain Environmental Competencies, creative innovations to use the environment for both personal and social purposes vs. separation from nature or Environmental Disdain. Such competencies promote children’s agency in exercising Environmental Action, applied care/ethics aimed at building a sustainable future, as opposed to behaviors that cause Environmental Harm. Young children’s environmental identity develops in diverse ways and in distinct sociocultural and geographical contexts. Caregivers/educators play a unique role in recognizing and supporting the needs of individual children as they progress towards healthy environmental identity development.     

Recontextualizing the role of the facilitator in group interaction in the outdoor classroom

The traditional role of the facilitator in outdoor education is frequently seen as outside the group of participants, either in a position of power over the participants or detached and passive. Following an ethnographic study at a residential outdoor centre, an in-depth analysis of the facilitation process was carried out, which revealed that the facilitator is always part of the group, and that the type of influence that the facilitators have on the outdoor learning process depends on the way that they approach their role within the group. For the purpose of this paper, the term ‘facilitator’ is used to refer to both centre staff as well as visiting teachers accompanying the school groups. This paper addresses critical questions regarding the effectiveness of the outdoor learning process when a position of power is adopted. The paper will also show the impact that recognizing the facilitator as a member of the group has on the learning experience in the outdoor classroom.     

心理疾病污名的结构:基于IAT的测量

以63名大学生为被试,采用内隐联想测验对心理疾病污名的结构进行研究。结果发现,负面刻板印象、负性情绪体验以及消极行为倾向的IAT效应显著,并且三者之间相关显著。本研究证实心理疾病污名主要由负面刻板印象、负性情绪体验以及消极行为倾向三个成分构成。     

职业心理倾向结构及其测评模型的研究

将个体职业心理倾向的发展水平与职业的具体要求进行比较,尽可能使多个维度相容,这就是"人"与"职"的匹配过程.影响个体职业适宜性的因素包括体质、职业兴趣、人格、能力等.在进行职业心理倾向测验项目分析,以及职业对从业者心理倾向要求分析的基础上,可建立职业心理倾向测评系统.实践证明,这一模型在实现"人职匹配"中具有较高的实用价值.     

工科院校大学生心理健康测查与干预研究

采用16PF、PHI、SCL-90对3947名工科大学生进行多元筛查,并根据复测结果分析系统干预的效果。结果发现,与常模相比,工科大学生在多个人格维度上表现出显著差异;在多个心理健康症状中表现出显著差异;采用多元筛查与干预措施的心理健康系统具有较好的稳定性与可行性。工科大学生的心理健康状况值得关注,心理健康的多元干预系统有一定的使用与推广价值。     

A New Approach to Avoiding Problems of Scale in Interpreting Trends in Mental Measurement Data

Extracting policy-relevant information from large national surveys of educational achievement is ordinarily a nontrivial task. It is made more treacherous when the data are expressed on scales that are not uniquely determined. The paper begins with a critical analysis of a recent attempt to interpret the findings on reading achievement obtained by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). It then describes a new approach to the quantification and interpretation of change and demonstrates its appropriateness for repeated cross-sectional designs such as NAEP. Limitations imposed by the survey design and the nature of the measurements are highlighted     

论神思 --浅析文学创作中想象活动的心态和基础

刘勰首创的"神思"论是我国古文论中以想象为核心,以虚静、学养为前提的创作总论."神思"论的核心问题是艺术想象问题,而具备虚静的心态和渊博的学识修养是想象的前提和条件.     

论心理护理

心理护理是现代护理工作的重要范畴,做好心理护理是提高护理质量的重要环节。心理护理工作要把握心理护理的基本要求,针对心理护理的重点对象,掌握心理护理的主要内容和正确方法,认真做好患者的心理护理,使他们处于良好的心理状态,情绪稳定,主动配合治疗,促进病程向健康方向发展,从而大大提高医疗和护理质量。     

Flexible Mental Calculation

The ability to be flexible in mental calculation by using a method that is efficient for calculating the particular problem being faced is an important aim of teaching in this area. Flexibility is commonly seen as arising from a rational choice between mental calculation strategies, based on the characteristics of the problem faced. In this article it is argued that strategy choice is a misleading characterisation of efficient mental calculation, and that teaching mental calculation methods as wholes is not conducive to flexibility. An alternative is proposed in which calculation is thought of as an interaction between noticing and knowledge, and an associated teaching approach to promote flexibility is described.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

伊莎贝尔的心路历程

从弗洛伊德的人格理论出发分析小说《贵妇人画像》中伊莎贝尔的心理历程,可以看出伊莎贝尔的人格心理随着小说的发展经历了一个由低到高的过程。一开始伊莎贝尔的人格受"本我"支配,在这一阶段,伊莎贝尔遵循"快乐原则",先后被不同的"力比多"能量驱使而逐渐走向悲剧。之后伊莎贝尔的人格发展为由"自我"掌控,遵循"现实原则",开始认清并接受现实。在小说最后,伊莎贝尔的人格蜕变为由"超我"主导,遵循"道德原则",从而实现了人格上的升华。亨利·詹姆斯作为心理描写大师,从弗洛伊德人格理论洞悉詹姆斯笔下的女主人公更能展现出人物的内心世界,凸显小说的主题。     

Mental pause support

In this column, a childbirth educator humorously discusses a strategy for coping with mental lapses during prenatal classes.     

精神枷锁

大多数人都像马戏团里的大象。你曾看过一头大象被拴在室内舞台的一根小木桩上吗？那头庞然大物能用它的长鼻子卷起2000磅的重物，却平静地甘于被绑缚。为什么呢？[第一段]     

维护居民精神健康的社会心理支持机制建构

心理健康受着许多社会因素的影响,根据影响的社会因素,居民心理健康的维护,需要开展面向全体居民的心理健康教育、优化社会心理环境、建构心理支持系统,开展居民心理互助、完善心理干预网络,同时加上居民自助潜能的开发以及对社会心理支持资源的充分利用.从而建构一个全方位优化,全员参与,责任明确、功能互补、相互沟通的社会心理支持新机制.     

培智学校开展心理健康教育的问题与建议

由于智力落后儿童心理特点的特殊性,在组织和实施心理健康教育的过程中需要基于心理咨询理即:智力落后儿童的心理康复标准的问题:心理咨询适应症的问题;心理健康教育活动的实施方式及心理咨询的技术选用问题;评估工具的问题。目前北京市培智学校可以利用原有资源,逐步开展和完善针对智力落后儿童的心理健康教育活动。     

心理测验在大学生心理健康评价中的误差分析

心理测验是指经过测验编制程度完成标准化用以测量心理特性的工具，心理测验应用于大学生心理健康评价有助于科学地开展大学心理健康教育，但是由于心理测验理论的薄弱、心理学理论基础的发展问题、心理测验量表与评价标准问题以及心理测验的跨文化问题等因素的影响，使心理测验的大学生心理健康评价中出现一定的失误。     

学校心理健康教育中教师心理健康的价值思考

从学校心理健康教育的本质、特性、个体心理发生发展的机制及现代教师的职业人格品质及其职能价值等方面来看 ,教师的心理健康在学校心理健康教育中已突显了其重要性 ,其价值远远超越了教师的知识本身     

大学新生心理健康研究论析

把握当前大学新生心理健康研究的现状,对于深化大学新生心理健康研究,加强大学新生心理健康教育,促进大学新生的健康成长和全面发展,具有重要意义。近年来,学界在大学新生心理健康的影响因素、大学新生心理健康问题的状况、特殊群体大学新生的心理健康和大学新生的心理健康教育等方面取得了丰硕成果,梳理和分析这些研究成果,可以发现,研究队伍较为稳定,研究内容较为广泛,研究方法较为多样,研究还需要进一步加强。