校园统一电子身份认证系统解决方案

教学站点采用的最常用实现平台有三种：（1）WEB服务器为Apache,开发技术PHP，数据库为MySQL；（2）WEB服务器为ⅡS，开发技术ASP，数据库为SQL Server；（3）WEB服务器为Tomcat，开发技术JSP，数据库为Oracle或SQL Server。这三种方式都支持目录服务，其中第二种实现方式中的WEB服务器ⅡS可以和活动目录（Active Directory）绑定，而其它两种都支持LDAP目录服务。本文以第一种为例来说明授权访问站点的实现。     

校园统一电子身份认证系统解决方案

教学站点采用的最常用实现平台有三种:(1)WEB服务器为Apache,开发技术PHP,数据库为MySQL;(2)WEB服务器为IIS,开发技术ASP,数据库为SQL Server;(3)WEB服务器为Tomcat,开发技术JSP,数据库为Oracle或SQL Server.这三种方式都支持目录服务,其中第二种实现方式中的WEB服务器IIS可以和活动目录(Active Directory)绑定,而其它两种都支持LDAP目录服务.本文以第一种为例来说明授权访问站点的实现.     

WEB服务器安全防范

web服务器主要存在安全问题分析 WEB应用服务器的安全从来都不是一个独立存在的问题,大概而言主要包括以下四点:服务器自身和网络环境的安全.主要有服务器系统漏洞,系统权限,网络环境(如ARP等)、网络端口管理等,这是站点安全的基础;WEB服务器应用的安全(IIS、Apache等).     

组态王在水处理行业中的应用

组态王是完全基于网络概念的组态软件,是一种真正的客户-服务器模式,支持分布式历史数据库和分布式报警系统,运行在基于TCP/IP网络协议的环境中,使用户能够实现上、下位机以及更高层次的厂级连网.在污水处理自动控制系统中采用组态王软件通过工业以太网进行数据交换,在保证准确性和信号传输速度的前提下,提高系统的可靠性和扩展性.     

LINUX系统安装及邮件服务器构建

目前,很多单位局域网内都架设了邮件服务器,用于进行公文发送和工作交流,但大量的资金投入对于很多企事业单位来说是无法承受的,而且它的安全性又存在很多这样那样的安全隐患.文章认为可以通过LINUX系统提供的DNS服务和SENDMAIL服务架设小型邮件服务器来满足我们的日常需要.     

浅谈大型高并发高负载网站的服务器优化

文章研究了大型并发高负载网站的系统架构及服务器优化问题中的一些关键问题,具体包括服务器整体性能考虑、Socket优化、硬盘级缓存等,对于这些问题,我们给出了相应低成本的一些解决方案.     

WEB服务器安全防范

webaE务器主要存在安全问题分析 WEB应用服务器的安全从来都不是一个独立存在的问题,大概而言主要包括以下四点：服务器自身和网络环境的安全。主要有服务器系统漏洞,系统权限。     

从形象策划到网络传播——联想集团品牌跨文化传播策略分析

<正>改革开放以来,越来越多的中国企业走出国门,投入到国际竞争中。品牌跨文化传播也从无到有、从小到大、从弱到强,成为中国企业走向国际市场不可或缺的组成部分。在这一过程中,制造企业的探索极具价值。尤其是近年来,推动"中国制造"之繁荣向"中国品牌"之富强转变逐渐成为一种共识,品牌跨文化传播已成为中国制造业发展转型、质量提升的重要举措之一。主要生产台式电脑、服务器、笔记本电脑、打印机等商品的联想集团于1984年成立之初,就强烈渴望融入世     

声音

现在的云计算与两年前不一样了。各厂商都开始大规模建立数据中心,进行服务器定制。百度之前并没有花精力开发通用的云计算平台,现在是时候做一些改装。做一个平台推出来。     

声音

现在的云计算与两年前不一样了。各厂商都开始大规模建立数据中心,进行服务器定制。百度之前并没有花精力开发通用的云计算平台,现在是时候做一些改装。做一个平台推出来。     

Cultural heritage interactive 3D models on the web: An approach using open source and free software

Cultural heritage sites and artefacts get a significant added value from high-resolution 3D models. These models are increasingly available due to improvements in technology and to higher integration of survey techniques such as laser scanning and photogrammetry. In this paper we present a case study on the development of a web-based application for user access and interactive exploration of three-dimensional models by providing integrated geometrical and non-geometrical information into an intuitive interface. The main feature of this interactive system is to provide the user with a completely new visit experience based on a free interactive exploration interface of the object (i.e., not constrained by any predefined pathway) and on the opportunity to get more detailed information on specific parts of interest. A parallel aim achieved was to use, in data processing and in the architecture, open source tools and free software, thus providing full transparency on adopted methodology and data processing methods, and a cost effective solution both for server and client. Furthermore, the aspect of data size has been considered using a segmentation and simplification scheme and server-side data management to keep transmission size to a minimum, thus improving access speed.     

Performing arts as a club good: Evidence from a nonprofit organization

This paper combines perspectives on nonprofit organizations, clubs and club goods, demand for performing arts, and demand for charitable contributions to consider relationships between nonprofit organizations in the performing arts and their patrons. A broad view is taken of factors influencing demand for club goods, charitable donations, and for the live performing arts. These are integrated in a model of demand for the outputs and services of nonprofits in the performing arts. Data from a single institution is used to test hypotheses. Conclusions are drawn for organizational policy and economic theory.     

Towards a Culture of Application: Science and Decision Making at the National Institute of Standards &; Technology

How does the research performed by a government mission agency contribute to useable technologies for its constituents? Is it possible to incorporate science policy mechanisms for increasing benefits to users in the decision process? The United States National Institute of Standards &; Technology (NIST) promises research directed towards industrial application. This paper considers the processes that produce science and technology at NIST. The institute’s policies for science provide robust examples for how effective science policies can contribute to the emergence of useful technologies. To progress towards technologies that can be years away, the agency uses several means for integrating the needs of eventual information users into the prioritization process. To accomplish this, NIST units, such as the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, incorporate mechanisms for considering user need and project impact into different stages of its scientific decision processes. This, and other specific strategies that the agency utilizes for connecting the supply of science to information demand, provide lessons for generating useable science.     

Characterization of 17th Century Mughal tile glazes from Shahdara Complex,Lahore-Pakistan

The glazed tile decorative art was one of the widely used ornamental techniques for the monumental buildings during the Mughal period, in Pakistan. Coloured tile samples from Jahangir tomb were analyzed to know the glaze composition and to identify the colouring phases used at that time. The study was performed using light microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). These complementary analytical techniques allowed characterizing the samples as alkali glazes made from plant ashes. The results indicated the use of lead-tin yellow type II for yellow glazes, cobalt and copper for blue glazes, mixtures of yellow and blue glazes for the green glazes, manganese for purple glazes, and a transparent glaze layer for white glazes.     

Royalties for Artists versus Royalties for Authors and Composers

Legislation creating or reinforcing resale royalties for visual artists retains substantial political popularity – particularly in the European Union – despite the often skeptical attitude toward those rights in the economics literature. In this essay, we probe more deeply the affirmative arguments that can be made for a resale royalty right, in either a mandatory or a discretionary form. We also compare the rationale for visual artists' resale royalties with the potential rationales for the now-well-established systems of royalty rights for authors and composers. This comparison has particular interest both because some of the principal arguments made against visual artists' resale royalties also apply to authors' royalties, and because the economic rationale for compensating authors with royalties has itself not been well explored. We also discuss briefly the related subject of display rights for visual artists. We conclude with some general implications for policy.     

Estimating demand for opera using sales system data: the case of Finnish National Opera

Using detailed data for 2001–2009 from the sales system of the Finnish National Opera, we estimate the determinants of demand for opera tickets. We find that operas in their premiere season are more popular than reprises. Demand is lower for classical operas and higher for domestic operas and for performances with a famous opera singer. Press reviews and the overall popularity of the opera piece have the expected effects. There is also evidence of seasonal effects. By excluding temporarily discounted tickets, controlling for performance characteristics and quality and using a method that takes into account capacity constraints, we are able to credibly estimate the price elasticity of demand. The overall elasticity is close to unity: on average, a 1 % increase in prices would result in 1.16 % decrease in demand.     

Measuring the efficiency of heritage institutions: A case study of a regional system of museums in Spain

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely applied tool in efficiency evaluation for public administration, yet has scarcely been put to use in the case of heritage institutions. The goal of the current paper is to evaluate the technical efficiency of a regional system of museums, the hypothesis being that these bodies represent one organization of productive resources (employment, equipment, art collections, and so on), aimed at providing various goods and services linked to their basic functions: conservation, exhibiting, research and dissemination of cultural heritage. Yet, given the diverse nature of this kind of institution, previous sorting and classification is required in order to obtain homogeneous clusters for the various elements. This research therefore merges multivariate statistical techniques to synthesise the initial information and DEA for efficiency evaluation. These findings may prove useful for management of these institutions, as well as for those responsible for public resource allocation policies in the area of cultural heritage. We apply this to a regional system of museums in Spain, which includes both rural and urban museums.     

Air power and governmental support for scientific research: The approach to the Second World War

Conclusion The development of radar, jet propulsion, ballistic missiles and the atomic bomb during the Second World War established and made visible to an unprecedented degree governmentally supported and directed research and development. National survival was now seen to depend on the mobilisation of a country's talents and resources in science and technology for military purposes.Prior to the Second World War, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had established its own role in research. It also established the legitimacy of governmental patronage for scientific research far beyond aeronautics. It was during that period that American politicians and the organs of public opinion became convinced and persuaded the electorate to think that science was indispensable for national security and well-being. A very great deal has been accomplished since then, but the credit for a pioneering role in the conduct of research with the financial support of the federal government must be given to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.     

Subjective well-being in cultural advocacy: a politics of research between the market and the academy

This paper responds to a trend of contracting out subjective well-being econometrics to demonstrate social return on investment (SROI) for evidence-based policy-making. We discuss an evolving ecology of ‘external’ research taking place ‘between’ the academy and commercial consultancy. We then contextualise this as waves of research methodologies and consultancy for the cultural sector. The new model of ‘external between’ consultancy research for policy is not only placed between the University and the market, but also facilitates discourse between policy sectors, government, the media and the academy. Specifically, it enables seductive but selective arguments for advocacy that claim authority through academic affiliation, yet are not evaluated for robustness. To critically engage with an emergent form of what Stone calls ‘causal stories’, we replicate a publicly funded externally commissioned SROI model that argues for the value of cultural activities to well-being. We find that the author’s operationalisation of participation and well-being are crucial, yet their representation of the relationship problematic, and their estimates questionable. This case study ‘re-performs’ econometric modelling national-level survey data for the cultural sector to reveal practices that create norms of expertise for policy-making that are not rigorous. We conclude that fluid claims to authority allow experimental econometric models and measures to perform across the cultural economy as if ratified. This new model of advocacy research requires closer academic consideration given the changing research funding structures and recent attention to expertise and the contracting out of public services.     

Laser cleaning of stained glass windows. Overview on an interdisciplinary project

The German Federal Foundation for the Environment (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt) is one of Europe's largest organizations of its kind. It supports innovative, exemplary projects for the protection of the environment and of national historic monuments and cultural landscapes. All projects are set up to provide a platform for researchers, craftsmen and restorers to find a common solution to difficult problems in conservation practice. More than 360 projects have been funded since 1990. Two recent projects deal with laser cleaning, one for stone and the other one for stained glass windows, the latter being presented here. This publication gives an overview on cleaning problems on stained glass windows and the project methodology. The interdisciplinary approach of the project provides the possibility of including experts in different fields to examine perspectives and limits of laser cleaning for stained glass windows. Two other publications in this issue (LACONA III) give selected results on cleaning experiments achieved within this project.