浅谈体操教学中恐惧心理的克服

在体操教学中,学生常常会产生恐惧心理,严重影响体操的教学质量。本文采用文献法和系统分析法,阐述了恐惧心理的基本特征和产生原因,并从教学的主体和主导两个方面提出了恐惧心理的预防措施,紧紧围绕恐惧心理的特征提出了克服恐惧心理的方法,以供同行在教学中和学术讨论中参考。     

试论如何克服跳水运动员站台恐惧心理

恐惧心理是一种条件反射,在体育教学中,恐惧心理不仅会阻碍队员发挥潜力,影响教学质量的提高,而且还会造成一定的运动损伤,因此,笔者试图结合自己的教学实践,和亲身经历,探讨如何消除体育教学中队员的恐惧心理。     

如何克服女生学习跳马时的恐惧心理

在女生跳马技术教学中,常常会遇到一些学生不敢做动作,上板前犹豫不决,动作紧张拘束,节奏混乱等等。这些现象大都是由于恐惧心理造成的。那么这种恐惧心理产生的原因何在?如何克服学生的恐惧心理呢? 恐惧心理产生的原因学生对跳马产生恐惧心理,主要有以下几方面原因:     

普通高校跳高运动员背越式跳高训练中的恐惧心理调适

背越式跳高是普通高校跳高队技术训练中的重要内容。在背越式跳高训练中,部分跳高运动员存在恐惧心理,影响到训练效果和自身的运动安全。对此,本文对普通高校提高运动员背越式跳高训练中的恐惧心理表现、产生原因进行分析,同时提出运动员恐惧心理调适方法。另外,本文从学校角度,提出普通高校提高跳高运动员背越式跳高训练恐惧心理调适能力的对策。     

论少年儿童游泳运动中心理障碍产生的原因及消除对策

少年儿童在游泳运动中时常会产生恐惧心理,采用恰当的手段消除恐惧心理是游泳健身的前提与保证。本文通过观察法、文献资料法、访谈等研究方法分析少年儿童游泳运动中产生心理障碍的原因,提出一些针对性的对策,以消除其恐惧心理,建立运动健身兴趣和积极性,从而提高运动效果。     

高山滑雪技术课教学中学生恐惧心理的产生原因及措施

以学生产生恐惧的心理学机制为出发点,分析总结了高山滑雪过程中的多种恐惧心理现象的产生原因,认为学生恐惧心理的产生与其身体素质、意志品质、教师在教学中使用的言行不当以及滑雪板长度,选用雪场坡度关系密切;针对高山滑雪运动特点,提出了在教学过程中帮助学生克服恐惧心理的具体的方法和手段。     

浅析散打实战教学中学生的恐惧心理

文章从多角度研究了散打实战教学中的恐惧心理问题,研究发现,性别特征、性格特征、身体外在特征等等都会影响学生在散打实战中的恐惧心理.总体来说,男性对散打的恐惧心理弱于女性;与性格外向的同学相比,性格内向的同学对散打实战具有更强的恐惧心理;身体外在特征占优势的同学具有更强的自信心,因而具备较弱的恐惧心理.该研究可以丰富已有的研究成果,提高人们对散打实战教学恐惧心理的认识,可以为散打教学的老师们制定教学方案提供一定的参考价值.     

对跳马教学中学生恐惧心理的探讨

在跳马教学过程中学生中不同程度的存在着恐惧心理，本从教学的观点出点，分析了跳马恐惧心理产生的原因以及消除恐惧心理的办法。     

论散打实战教学中学生恐惧心理的消除

采用问卷调查学生在散打实战课中产生恐惧心理的原因,教学上相应采用了一些方法帮助学生消除恐惧心理,取得了良好的教学效果。     

浅析普通高校女生游泳课恐惧心理的成因及对策

从女大学生游泳学习过程中恐惧心理形成的原因及具体表现入手 ,通过实践、分析和研究 ,总结出了一些有效克服和消除恐惧心理的对策 ,这些对策的运用 ,能使高校女生游泳课的教学质量得到较大的提高。     

Competitive Trait Anxiety in Male and Female College Athletes

Abstract

This study investigated issues related to competitive trait anxiety (CTA) among university varsity athletes. Sixty-four male and 64 female athletes completed the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) and an 18-item questionnaire. The questionnaire measured fear of failure, fear of evaluation, importance of sport success, success/failure in sport, and satisfaction with sport experiences. It was hypothesized that these issues would be significantly related to CTA. Questionnaire responses were factor analyzed, and the four resultant factors were entered into a regression analysis of males' and females' SCAT scores. A fear of failure scale (performance worries items) and a fear of evaluation scale (expectancy of criticism items) were significantly related to males' SCAT scores (R² = .22). Only the fear of failure scale was significantly related to the females' SCAT scores (R² = .24). Results support the proposed relationships of fear of failure and fear of evaluation to CTA, but also suggest that the pattern of these relationships varies across age, gender, sport, and other variables.     

体育与非体育类专业大学生心理健康状况比较分析

研究目的:调查体育类专业大学生的心理健康状况并探索体育活动对个体心理健康状况的影响.研究方法:运用SCL-90量表对体育类专业大学生与非体育类专业大学生心理健康状况进行了调查分析.结果:体育类专业大学生的躯体化、强迫、敌对等因子得分明显高于全国青年常模,非体育类专业大学生躯体化、焦虑、恐怖、敌对、精神病性等因子的得分明显高于全国青年常模;与非体育类大学生相比,体育类专业大学生的强迫、敌对因子得分较高,而躯体化、焦虑和恐怖因子得分较低.结论:体育类专业大学生心理健康状况与非体育类专业的大学生有着不同的特点;体育活动对个体心理健康存在积极影响的同时,还可能存在着消极影响.     

Why young elite athletes fear failure: consequences of failure

Fear of failure can have negative effects on children in achievement settings, affecting many aspects of their lives. Perceiving the consequences of failure to be aversive provides the basis for fear of failure, and the anticipation of a threatening outcome elicits fear. Problems attributed to fear of failure in achievement settings are prevalent. Sport is a popular and significant achievement domain for children and adolescents and there is a lack of research on fear of failure in sport among this age group. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate fear of failure in the sport domain among young elite athletes, and to explore their perceptions of the consequences of failure. Interviews were conducted individually with nine athletes aged 14 - 17 years (5 males, 4 females). Analysis identified and organized perceived consequences of failure into themes and categories. Results revealed that the most commonly perceived aversive consequences of failure were diminished perception of self, no sense of achievement, and the emotional cost of failure. These findings are consistent with those reported in adult population, suggesting the potential for generalizing existing results to young elite athletes.     

Why young elite athletes fear failure: Consequences of failure

Abstract

Fear of failure can have negative effects on children in achievement settings, affecting many aspects of their lives. Perceiving the consequences of failure to be aversive provides the basis for fear of failure, and the anticipation of a threatening outcome elicits fear. Problems attributed to fear of failure in achievement settings are prevalent. Sport is a popular and significant achievement domain for children and adolescents and there is a lack of research on fear of failure in sport among this age group. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate fear of failure in the sport domain among young elite athletes, and to explore their perceptions of the consequences of failure. Interviews were conducted individually with nine athletes aged 14 – 17 years (5 males, 4 females). Analysis identified and organized perceived consequences of failure into themes and categories. Results revealed that the most commonly perceived aversive consequences of failure were diminished perception of self, no sense of achievement, and the emotional cost of failure. These findings are consistent with those reported in adult population, suggesting the potential for generalizing existing results to young elite athletes.     

缓解搏击运动中队员心理紧张的对策

搏击运动是一项对抗性较强的竞技项目,很多练习的队员常常存在害怕挨打的心理焦虑,本文通过研究,阐述了产生心理紧张的原因及对技战术水平发挥的影响,提出了缓解心理紧张的方法,使运动员对搏击运动有更深的了解和认识。     

Im Verein ist es am schönsten

Organised sport in Germany is mostly pursued in clubs. This has led to the question whether corporate enterprises would be superior, in particular for professional sport. In the final analysis this is actually an empirical question but the evidence points more to registered associations than to widely spread corporate enterprises. In sport the competition is too hard and the other conditions are also not amenable for achieving an appropriate profit compared to the risk involved, whereas conversely not much real capital is needed but mostly human capital and talent in sport. The club is one or even the organisational form most suited to sport and has nothing to fear from competition from corporate enterprises, even after the removal of legal restrictions.     

Leveraging spectator emotion: A review and conceptual framework for marketing health behaviors in elite sports

Elite sport provides an exciting and dynamic emotional experience for spectators. Social marketers using sport sponsorship to promote health messages are yet to consider the impact of the temporal emotional sporting context in which health messages are promoted. The authors provide a critical review of the evidence for the influence of emotion on behavior and seek to elucidate the implications for health sponsorship in sport. Articles were identified via electronic database searches and returned-article references, with thirty-three suitable articles included. Drawing on evidence from sport sponsorship, social marketing, advertising, and cause-related marketing, the review highlights few studies have investigated emotion, health communication, and behavior in a sport sponsorship context. The findings indicate that positive (e.g. happiness, compassion) and negative (e.g. fear, guilt) emotions influence intentions and behaviors with the interaction of message framing important when delivering social marketing messages. A conceptual model presents how emotions may influence behavioral health sponsorship outcomes and provides areas of future research to develop best policy and practice when delivering health sponsorship in a sporting context.     

Self-compassion: a potential resource for young women athletes

Self-compassion has demonstrated many psychological benefits (Neff, 2009). In an effort to explore self-compassion as a potential resource for young women athletes, we explored relations among self-compassion, proneness to self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt-free shame, guilt, shame-free guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride), and potentially unhealthy self-evaluative thoughts and behaviors (i.e., social physique anxiety, obligatory exercise, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation). Young women athletes (N = 151; Mage = 15.1 years) participated in this study. Self-compassion was negatively related to shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, social physique anxiety, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. In support of theoretical propositions, self-compassion explained variance beyond self-esteem on shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, shame-free guilt proneness, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. Results suggest that, in addition to self-esteem promotion, self-compassion development may be beneficial in cultivating positive sport experiences for young women.     

The influence of body discourses on adolescents’ (non)participation in physical activity

Drawing on semi-structured interviews with older adolescents, this article examines how healthism, ideal body discourses and performative body discourses influence their (non)participation in physical activity (PA) and their identity construction concerning exercise, sport and physical education. We illustrate that body transformation through PA, and related slim body desire and the fear of masculinised female bodies, affect adolescents’ decisions to engage in or drop out of sport. Also, a non-hegemonic body shape combined with a display of low physical competence triggers classmate and teachers’ rejection and marginalisation, affecting adolescents’ construction of embodied identities and preventing them from being active. Finally, adolescents who are competent in sport are less influenced by ideal body discourses than by performative body discourses. We highlight the health promotion effects of these hegemonic discourses and suggest strategies to challenge them.     

Fast food,fizz, and funding: Balancing the scales of regional sport organisation sponsorship

Tobacco, alcohol and gambling-related sport sponsorships have faced widespread scrutiny due to a critical consciousness that questions the alignment of unhealthy products and damaging addictive behaviours with a healthy activity such as sport. The purpose of this study was to explore how a public health agenda may influence rugby union organisations in their negotiation of sponsorship relationships with food and beverage companies. Interviews with a purposeful sample of New Zealand regional rugby organisation managers reveal the potential influence of emergent threats about government-regulated restrictive sponsorship measures on the delivery of community and youth sport. Findings indicate that many regional rugby organisations depend on sponsorships to fund required and desired activities. In addition, some organisations in more rural regions of New Zealand not only contend with the difficulty of securing sponsorships, but fear that criticism of, and impending restrictions on, fast-food and beverage companies are likely to have detrimental consequences for the provision of rugby.