老年服务业人才培养方案初探

我国已经进入老龄化社会,要发展社区为老服务和社会化养老事业,就必须培养大量的老年服务与管理人才,而我国在这方面的人才培养还非常薄弱。要建设和谐老龄化社会,离不开高素质、专业化的老年服务业人才。老年服务业人才必须具有复合的知识结构和多元的学科背景。     

Cross-Professional Partnerships: Innovation in Continuing Education for Social Workers and Extension Educators

There is a need to train professionals across disciplines to work collaboratively on program development and implementation to address the caregiving issues prevalent in our aging society. The North Carolina State University Departments of Social Work and Family and Consumer Sciences provided a training opportunity for social workers and county extension educators. The goals of the “Institute” were to provide a continuing education program that cultivated partnerships to develop and implement innovative local programming for older adults and their families. The program was also intended to increase the partnership capacity in the involved counties. This paper describes and evaluates the continuing education program and the potential of this training model for community partnership-building in the service of elders and families.     

COUNSELING THE ELDERLY: A TRAINING PROGRAM FOR PROFESSIONALS

The present study examined the effectiveness of a training program designed to teach mental health professionals information and skills specific to counseling the elderly client. Twenty‐eight women and four men, ranging in age from 23 to 56, completed the 12‐hour training program. Results indicated that participants showed statistically significant gains on the two major assessment devices after completion of the training program. Concomitantly, job satisfaction and perception of preparedness for their current jobs as counselors to the elderly were affected in a positive direction, providing support for the efficacy of the program. The impact of the training was also sustained at the two‐month follow‐up. Regression analyses revealed that the trainee characteristic that was most predictive of success in the program was that having to do with prior knowledge; those entering the program with a higher level of basic knowledge tended to improve and learn more in training.     

应用型车辆工程专业人才培养方案的研究

《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要（2008-2020年）》的实施和国内汽车行业的高速发展给车辆工程专业人才培养既带来了机遇,也带来了挑战。围绕＂应用型本科的内涵＂及培养具有较强适应性的高素质应用型人才,实现大学培养与社会需求的良好对接,对比了不同类型高校人才培养、科技贡献和服务社会的目标,研究了车辆工程专业培养高级应用型人才培养目标、培养规格,构建了车辆工程专业知识体系图,制定出了课程体系构成表,对如何制定应用型人才培养方案具有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于系统论的汉语言文学专业学生写作能力培养

写作能力是汉语言文学专业学生的核心能力,如何培养学生的写作能力是该专业面临的重要问题。文章根据系统论的原理,从写作能力的构成系统和培养写作能力的构成系统出发构建两个系统,通过两个系统要素的对接,制订适合写作能力培养的方案,选择有利于写作能力培养的教学方法,立体化地培养学生的写作能力。     

The hospice: an educational-service model providing counseling opportunities and indirect benefits for older widows

The article focuses on the large and increasing number of older widows who are available for human service work within the hospice movement caring for the dying and the bereaved. The need for preparation for widowhood is cited as one major reason why widows should assist potential widows to prepare more adequately for this eventuality. Widows are portrayed as effective lay counselors in hospice because they have experienced the reality of death and possess an empathetic readiness for work in this human service field. The hospice training program for widows is appealing because it presents learning experiences that are satisfying for the older learner. Numerous therapeutic and educational benefits are available to the older widows who participate in hospice work and training. Widows, therefore, become both the beneficiaries and the benefactors of their service efforts.     

聚焦专业技能,培养应用型高级秘书人才

在秘书教育与培训中,要走内涵式发展道路,培养应用型高级秘书人才所需要重视培养五方面秘书在实际工作中的业务能力,即书面表达能力、口头表达能力、信息处理能力、协调和社交能力和独立办事能力。     

DEVELOPING EDUCATIONAL SERVICES FOR OLDER ADULTS AND THOSE WHO WORK WITH THEM

The results of a community college's efforts to develop a range of educational services for the aging are presented. Cultural, educational, and recreational activities provided within a college setting and through a network of neighborhood centers are described, as well as continuing education and in‐service training programs for persons who work with the elderly. The processes and problems involved in planning, organizing, and administering such a comprehensive program for the elderly in an educational institution are described and discussed.

The authors attempt to demonstrate that a wide range of opportunities exists for colleges and universities in most localities to develop a variety of services that can enhance the quality of life of the elderly. Their central message is that it is possible to accomplish a lot with quite limited resources if available resources are used well. A variety of educational services to a large number of older persons and to people who work with them was generated by a small initial grant. This grant enabled the college not only to begin to identify the educational needs of the elderly in a particular locality but also to locate a wide range of available resources (money, people, facilities) that could be used immediately to provide services.     

TRAINING POLICY GERONTOLOGISTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF NEEDED SKILLS,KNOWLEDGE, AND ATTRIBUTES

Findings from a survey of policy professionals in aging (n = 114) and experience with a demonstration program to train policy gerontologists indicates that (1) the demand for policy gerontologists is moderately high; (2) training requirements include specific skills training in political processes, communication, analysis, and administration; (3) policy gerontologists require such personal attributes as follow through, initiative, and innovation; and (4) knowledge of the content of specific policy areas as well as an understanding of the policy‐making process is important. Findings have been used to develop a model curriculum for training policy gerontologists which is presented and discussed.     

地质工程专业创新型人才培养的实践

如何培养适应新世纪、新型社会发展需要的高素质、创新型人才,是摆在当代教育工作面前的一项基本而十分艰巨的任务。本文系统介绍了地质工程专业“优选苗、宽基础、重培植、深挖潜”的地质工程专业创新人才培养举措与实践。     

综合疗法集体训练大学生的自信心

自信是个体在对自我正确认和知和评价的基础上形成的一种信认自己的的能力与价值的态度，包含了生理自信、社会自信、心理自信三个层面，每个层面包含着自信认知、自信情感、自信行为三种要素。利用团体训练的形式，采用认知调节－情绪调控－行为改变 综合训练法对大学生的总体自信进行了干预研究，结果表明：（1）认知调节－情绪调控－行为改变 综合训练法是一种促进大学生自信水平提高的有效模式。（2）团体咨询是进行自信训练的有效形式。（3）自信是心理素质的核心，与心理健康发展、心理活动的积极能动性密切相关。     

EVALUATION OF A MEDICINE INFORMATION TRAINING PROGRAM FOR OLDER PEOPLE

This article describes a medicine information training project initiated through concerns of older people in Australia about the inappropriate use of medicines and adverse consequences on their health. The training program uses experiential and adult learning strategies to train older people to act as advocates and peer role models to inform their peers on the wise use of medicines. The process evaluation conducted established the high quality of the training program's content, staff, documentation, and other resources. However, feedback from graduates indicated the difficulties experienced by older learners when the training is too concentrated. The wide reach of the program, as assessed through the extensive recorded activities of the program's graduates in the community, was positive. The immediate impact evaluation on those completing initial training identified an increase in self‐reported self‐esteem, whereas the intermediate evaluation on experienced graduates showed that growth in personal development had been sustained several years post‐graduation. None regretted volunteering to be trained and all reported deriving great satisfaction from assisting their peers. They would recommend the training to others, but only if they are willing to listen and invest the time needed during and after training. Relatively high rates of attrition due to death, ill‐health, and family commitments were recorded and implications noted. This project successfully mounted a community‐based program to train older people to act as peer educators, with noticeable benefits to program participants. The procedures used, and the insights obtained through participants’ feedback, have relevance for planning other training programs for older learners.     

Conceptual Foundations and Components of a Contextual Intervention to Promote Student Engagement During Early Adolescence: The Supporting Early Adolescent Learning and Social Success (SEALS) Model

Decades of research indicate that many early adolescents are at risk for developing significant school adjustment problems in the academic, behavioral, and social domains during the transition to middle school. The Supporting Early Adolescent Learning and Social Success (SEALS) model has been developed as a professional development and consultation program to train teachers in universal (Tier 1) instructional and classroom management strategies to address the correlated risks experienced by students during this time. This article reviews the conceptual foundations of the SEALS model, provides an overview of SEALS intervention components, describes the SEALS professional development training and consultation framework, reviews preliminary findings of the impact of SEALS in rural school settings in the United States, and discusses research needs and future directions regarding the use of the SEALS model.     

俄语复合型人才培养策略和实践探讨

市场经济的发展使得企业对人才的需求升级,企业对俄语专业的人才的要求不仅局限在专业的俄语知识,同时要求俄语人才具有更广泛的知识和独立完成各种挑战的综合能力.企业的这种需求给俄语专业人才的培养提出了新的挑战.俄语专业教育要顺应这种变化调整课程及其内容,为社会培养合格的复合型专业人才.     

Educating Gerontologists for Cultural Proficiency in End-of-life Care Practice

An educational program was developed to train practitioners to provide care for patients and families that are responsive to cultural concerns. The aim was to increase knowledge and improve attitudes toward providing culturally proficient and culturally sensitive care for patients and families facing life-threatening illnesses. The program consisted of six half-day sessions on key areas in end-of-life care practice. The modules integrated and infused content related to ethnically and culturally diverse populations in a comprehensive training format. Evaluation results suggested that the program was successful in increasing participant knowledge and attitudes towards cross-cultural interdisciplinary practice of end-of-life care.     

幼儿园园长培训现状与发展对策研究

园长专业化需要专业化园长培训。通过对幼儿园园长培训的现状进行调查研究,发现其存在着培训动力不足、培训内容泛化、培训方式单一、培训师资薄弱等问题。结合园长培训的需求分析,从园长培训的培训理念、课程设置、培训模式、师资队伍方面提出相应的发展对策。     

IN-SERVICE TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL AND PARA-PROFESSIONAL STAFF ININSTITUTIONS FOR THE AGED

An Institutional Resident Quality of Life Project conducted at six institutions throughout Israel during 1994-1997 aimed to: (1) identify and test elements in the life domains of institutional residents that affect their quality of life, and (2) introduce changes in staff attitudes and behavior toward the residents. The article deals with the supplementary training for staff in one of the participating institutions in the project, and the evaluation of this training program. The growing number of elders in the modern world demands accelerated development of community and institutional services. In turn, the growth of these services requires the training of professional and para-professional personnel, with an emphasis on the latter group in light of the more pressing need for day-today caregiving that para-professionals provide. Considerable efforts have been made in Israel in recent years to recruit such workers, train them before they are employed, and deal with various problems once they are on the job. The data gathered during the course of the project illuminated the significant effect of staff-resident relationships on the residents' quality of life. The supplementary training of the staff, moreover, was found to contribute to the improvement of these relationships. A decision was made, therefore, to develop ongoing training programs for professional, and especially, para-professional staff.     

高等院校实施农村订单定向免费医学教育人才培养模式改革的思考

新时期培养适用于基层医疗卫生服务需求的卓越医生教育计划是推进地方医学院校临床医学教育综合改革、提高人才培养质量的有效途径。实施过程中树立整体的大卫生观,构建与卓越医生教育计划相适应的理论和实践教学体系,多元评价医学生的发展,全程贯穿医德教育,满足人才培养的终身教育要求,创新医学教育人才培养模式,主动适应国家医疗卫生改革发展方向,培养面向基层的初级医疗卫生保健人才。     

高校人文学科实验教学创新研究

高等教育国际化、信息化的发展,对文科培养人才提出了越来越高的要求。为培养能够适应社会的高素质人才,高校文科必须重视并大力发展实验教学。文科实验教学改革可从以下几方面进行：体现文科特色,注重文理渗透;以实验项目为核心,开展文科实验教学;通过教学方案来推进实验项目整体运作;加强文科实验室建设和管理的改革。