Simulated Consulting Experiences in Counselor Preparation

Simulation, using role-playing and commercially available materials, was used to provide counselor-teacher consultation experience for counselor trainees. Students in a master's level guidance program worked with teachers in a consultative situation on a series of problems. Representative situations in which a teacher might consult with a counselor about possible courses of action in solving a problem were presented via simulation. Experienced teachers rated the adequacy of counselor recommendations concerning the problem situation. The trained counselors' recommendations were rated as superior (p < .01 level) to those of untrained counselors. These results support the use of simulation as a technique for counselor education. Implications for counselor education programs are discussed.     

A Model for Collaborative Teaching Teams in Counselor Education

Teaching's importance has increased for faculty members and is reflected in the selection criteria for new faculty, particularly those in counselor education. Thus, graduate programs need to provide students with opportunities to obtain teaching experience and enhance their pedagogical training. The collaborative teaching teams model is intended to assist counselor educators in preparing doctoral‐level counseling students for careers in academia. Recommendations for model implementation are provided and specific examples are presented to demonstrate the use of this model in a counselor education and supervision doctoral program accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.     

Minority Populations and Traditional Counseling Programs: Some Alternatives

Racial and ethnic minority group members are now recognizing the need for relevant counseling services. Many counselor education programs, however, have not addressed this issue. While some counselor educators support the need for innovative counselor training programs for those who expect to work in pluralistic settings, others believe that traditional programs can meet the needs of all populations. This article describes why counselor training incorporating the needs of racial and ethnic minorities is needed and provides four models: (a) the separate course model; (b) the area of concentration model; (c) the interdisciplinary model; and (d) the integration model, which may be used in program development and implementation.     

Doctoral Student Persistence in Counselor Education Programs: Student–Program Match

The authors present the findings of a qualitative study (N = 33) of doctoral student persistence in counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2001). Using in‐depth interviews with students representing 17 different doctoral programs, the findings revealed factors that influenced students' decisions to persist or leave their counselor education doctoral programs. A key determinant in attrition or persistence decisions was a match between the students' goals/expectations and the faculty members' expectations and goals for the program. Implications of the findings for program selection, recruiting, and student retention are discussed.     

Educating Future Counselor Educators

The literature in Counselor Education and Supervision has had a variety of focuses, ranging from humanistic counselor education (Chenault 1968) to systems technique in training (Canada & Lynch 1975) and from Arbuckle (1974) to Ellis (1974) and back (Arbuckle 1975). However, there has been a scarcity of articles directed toward the education of future counselor educators who will lead the way in innovation, training, and research. I gather that this group has not been intentionally disregarded but that, through various counselor education programs, graduate students are given the opportunity to emerge as counselor educators. This process must vary with each institution. I would like to share one avenue that is being taken to help future counselor educators develop competencies in professional writing and convention program presentations.     

School Counselor Preparation to Meet the Guidance Needs of Exceptional Students: A National Study

A representative sample of counselor educators at U.S. universities were surveyed to identify the kinds of curricula school counselor preparation programs use for preparing students to work with exceptional students (ES). Program courses in exceptional student education (ESE), competencies, field experiences, state certification requirements for ESE courses, the degree of importance accorded by counselor educators to prepare graduates to serve ES, and the educators' level of satisfaction with current program requirements were investigated. Sixty‐two percent of the programs surveyed did not offer a specific ESE course; however, 53% of these programs (N = 146) reported that ESE competencies were incorporated in other program courses.     

The “Community” in Community Counseling: Results of a National Survey

Results are presented of a national survey of a master's level counselor education program (n = 308, 68% return rate) regarding the emphasis that these programs currently place, and would ideally like to place, on a prevention and systematically based community orientation. Results show that this orientation is currently endorsed and seems to represent an ideal direction for counselor education programs. These results reinforce a need to modify ACES standards so they more directly support community counseling curricula.     

Prepracticum Service‐Learning in Counselor Education: A Qualitative Case Study

Prepracticum service‐learning (PPSL) was investigated through a qualitative case study of a counselor education program. Participants were PPSL instructors, coordinators, and alumni of the selected program. As it relates to the counselor education program under study, this article illustrates perceived effects of PPSL on student counselors' overall development and comparisons of PPSL and practicum training. Implications for counselor education are addressed.     

Counseling and Counselor Education in Colombia,South America: A Case for Undergraduate Preparation

It is the purpose of this article to discuss the undergraduate counselor education program at the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, South America, and the need for the new occupation of school counseling in Colombia. The positive aspects of undergraduate counselor training in the United States are also discussed.     

Using the Workshop in Consultation Training

Although graduate students should be trained in consulting as well as counseling skills, not all counselor education programs systematically teach such consultation skills. Counselor trainees need to practice and implement those skills in laboratory as well as field settings. Workshops have been used successfully to teach oral delivery consultation skills in a counselor training program. In this article, the workshop is offered as a training tool in consultation skills. The use and purposes of workshops are presented, and procedures are demonstrated regarding the use of workshops within counselor education courses. Benefits to counselor trainees are discussed.     

Relationship of a Group Counseling Course,Hours in Counselor Education,and Sex to Empathic Understanding of Counselor Trainees

This study investigated the relationship of a graduate course in group counseling, the number of hours completed in counselor education, and sex to the empathic understanding of trainees in a counselor education program. The trainees were taped in similar counseling sessions, and their responses were rated independently by three counselor educators, who used Carkhuff's empathic understanding scale. A three-way analysis of variance determined only one significant difference. The trainees who had completed a course in group counseling were significantly higher (p <.05) than those who had not. The level of empathic understanding of the higher group, however, was less than the level considered to be the minimum for effective counseling.     

Counselor Education Courses in Program Evaluation and Scientific Research: Are Counselors Being Prepared for the Accountability Press?

Counselor education programs listed in Counselor Preparation 1980 were surveyed to determine the proportion of required coursework devoted to instruction in scientific research and program evaluation. Regardless of area specialization, department size, or academic unit in which the program is housed, responding counselor education programs were found to devote approximately twice as much required instructional time to scientific research as to program evaluation. A rationale and suggestions for change are presented.     

Adapting Secular Post-Graduate Education in Counseling to Meet the Needs of Ministers

As the demand for counseling within a religious setting increases, clergymen are expressing a need for more counselor education. If pastoral counseling is considered distinctly different from other counseling, then pastoral counseling education is the province of the seminaries. If the pastoral counselor is not considered basically different from other counselors, a secular counselor education program can serve the needs of ministers as well as other counselors by having a central core of required professional courses and then optional branches for specialization in counseling. Finding appropriate instructors for the pastoral counseling courses could be a problem. Candidates for pastoral counseling should be as carefully screened and tested as other graduate students in counseling. The counseling program should offer ministers the opportunity to learn about group work and, ideally, the opportunity for supervised practicum work in several different settings. There should be some provision for individual and group therapy for the pastoral counselors themselves as a means of enhancing their own effectiveness. When a secular institution feels that it cannot adapt its regular program to fit the needs of pastoral counselors, it can be of service by arranging special workshops and conferences for the clergymen of the area, and counselor educators can be available as consultants to seminaries and churches that request assistance.     

A Workshop Model for Developing Awareness of Sex-Role Bias in Counseling Students

There is a demonstrated need for counselors in training to develop an awareness of their own dynamics and to explore biases and stereotypes that may obscure objectivity and predetermine counseling outcomes. This article describes a workshop consisting of videotaped vignettes, minilecture, and discussion that was developed by one counselor education program in response to that need.     

A Proposed Internship Model for Students in Counselor Education or Supervision

An internship model is presented for graduate students in counselor education or counselor supervision, particularly those at the doctoral level. The author contends that the internship is a relatively neglected but singularly vital component of graduate training. The author's model proposes five behavioral and interrelated dimensions of intern involvement in the field agency: meetings, observations, conferences, consultations and program evaluations. The article also discusses problems associated with internships, including planning and funding responsibilities as well as the need for defining the internship in behaviorally explicit terms.     

Academic Criteria,Experiential Background,and Personal Interviews as Predictors of Success in a Counselor Education Program

A 4-year evaluation was conducted of a counselor education trainee selection process that places approximately equal weight on three selection criteria: academic index, experiential background, and personal interviews. Mean faculty rankings were obtained for 77 trainees on three separate evaluative areas: (a) academic success in the program, (b) overall counseling competency in the program, and (c) anticipated success in the field. Results of Pearson product-moment correlational analyses indicated that two selection criteria (Miller's Analogies Test and the Verbal portion of the Graduate Records Examination) were significantly related to faculty-ranked academic success. No single criterion, however, was significantly related with faculty rankings of either counseling competency or anticipated success in the field. The correlation between the Miller's Analogy Test and a measure of “overall success in counselor education” was in the predicted direction but failed to reach the traditional levels of statistical significance (p < .09). Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.     

A Comprehensive Model for Multidimensional Competencies in the Training of Secondary School Counselors

Counselor education programs throughout the country have employed competency-based objectives as part of their training programs. The utilization of behavioral objectives in defining specific counselor skills has produced numerous systems and models for the training of counselors. This article presents a multidimensional model for counselor education that uses a behavioral approach in conjunction with the more globally accepted services and functions of the secondary school counselor. The multidimensional model places the competencies in three distinct domains: (a) 10 identifiable services provided by the secondary counselor; (b) the three functions performed by the counselor; and (c) the three types of program training components commonly used in counselor education programs. The three dimensions of the model are presented in a Guilford-like cube for simplicity.     

Training of the Career Development Specialist Within Counselor Education

What is the responsibility of counselor education programs in more efficiently preparing students in the area of career guidance and development? This article attempts to explain one department's efforts in this important area. It explains the rationale, development, and implementation of a subspeciality, Career Development Specialist (CDS), in a counselor education program. Covered are areas such as historical/conceptual review of the CDS, competencies and courses, recruitment of students, and where graduates have located jobs. Finally, the implications for counselor education are discussed.     

Structure,Impact, and Deficiencies of Beginning Counselor Educators' Doctoral Teaching Preparation

The authors utilized the consensual qualitative research method (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997 ) to explore beginning counselor educators' (N = 9) experiences of doctoral teaching preparation, including helpful and missing components. Emerging themes included a lack of intentionality in teaching‐related program design and a need for stronger preparation in pedagogy and content delivery methods.