教育伦理学若干基本问题探析

教育伦理学是教育领域一门新兴的学科。当前,我国教育伦理学研究已越来越引起人们广泛重视。同时也还存在着一些亟待突破的误区与盲点。对教育伦理学的基本问题进行研究,有助于我国教育伦理学的健康发展。     

胡瑗的教育伦理思想

在教育伦理思想发展史上,胡瑗虽然没有建立起一套系统的以“明体达用”为最高范畴的伦理思想体系．但他提出的“成天下之材者在教化”的教育价值观、“明体达用”的教育发展观、着眼于培养人的“可行能力”的教育目的观、以人为本尊师爱生的育人观、立己治人塑造理想人格的教育理想观等道德性命之学却为以后的教育伦理思想家提供了先驱性的思想资料。作为议经派的代表,胡瑗把北宋中期以来的教育伦理思想推进到了一个新阶段,带来了当时教育伦理理念、方法和目的的大转变。他倡明“达用善”,创造性地改革旧的儒家理念善．形成了伦理史上卓有成就的教育伦理思想和经验,为宋代教育的发展作出了巨大贡献。对我们今天让教育回归“用且善”的生活实践也具有重要的意义。     

Visions for ICT, Ethics and the Practice of Teachers

The failure of educational computing is often attributed to deficiencies of practice: resisting teachers and lack of will, competence and sincerity on behalf of the teaching profession. But the complexity of school life and teachers work has been underestimated by the entrepreneurs of educational computing. Theoretically there is a need to approach this area from a different angle. We will suggest there is a need to reframe the issue of ICT in schools with educational policy and discourse with education, rather than with technology in mind. In order to reach that goal there is a need to inculcate technology as an ordinary part of teachers vocabulary about their own work and as a part of their professional ethos. Teachers need to examine the moral values inherent in their practices and use those values as bases for debate. Not taking up these issues and instead adopting defensive stances is dangerous to the profession. The danger is that defensiveness can be seen by others outside the school as rigidity and play into the hands of those who are impatient with teachers. It would serve teachers well if they had a more robust ability to communicate the nature of the difficulties they face and how they deal with them.     

高等师范院校教育实习之我见

教育实习是高等师范院校教学计划的重要组成部分,是师范教育的必要环节,是提高高师院校教学质量的重要途径。目前教育实习面临一系列困境,为了摆脱这些困境,我们必须从以下方面努力:一要加强教育实习基地建设;二要注重教育实习理论更新;三要探索教育实习科学方式;四要注意教育实习时间安排;五要加强教育实习准备工作。     

教育研究的叙事伦理

教育叙事的过程,就是以叙述教育事件的方式实现对叙事者自我精神生命重建的过程,是构建新的教育生活方式的过程。只有承担了伦理使命的教育叙事才是有深度的、好的教育叙事。这样的教育叙事超越了经验性、技术性的层面,成为一种具有伦理关怀和本体意味的生命实践的叙事。它需要承担存在之重、伦理之重,需要经历从无叙事伦理到有叙事伦理,进而又从叙事伦理到生存伦理的转变。好的教育叙事者需要具备宽广的精神维度,具备生命的广度和灵魂的深度。     

教育研究中的学术道德刍议

教育研究具有独特的研究性质、任务、目的和功能。这就要求教育研究者在实施教育研究的过程中要遵循教育研究求真崇善的本性,恪守体现教育研究真谛的学术道德规范。教育研究者遵守教育研究中的学术道德要求,需要学术观念规范、学术制度规范、学术环境规范等方面的保障,以使教育研究者遵守学术道德成为研究者的自律意识和行为。     

高校农村籍毕业生就业问题研究

高校毕业生就业难,已经成为一个社会普遍关注的热点问题。特别是农村籍的毕业生,因为种种原因,他们在就业上面临的问题更多,如薪资待遇低、生存压力大、权益保障难、心理问题多、发展空间小等。这些问题的解决离不开社会改革、教育改革、健全社会保障体系、政策激励引导等。     

The impact of learning difficulties and socioemotional and behavioural problems on transition to postsecondary education or work life in Finland: a five-year follow-up study

Learning difficulties have been found to dilute the possibilities that young adults have in their educational careers. However, during the last few decades, education has become increasingly important for employment and overall life satisfaction. In the present study, we were interested in the effects of mathematical and reading difficulties and socioemotional and behavioural problems (measured at age 16) on three educational situations at age 21: delayed graduation from upper secondary education, short educational trajectory and not being engaged in education, employment or training (NEET). The participants (N = 597; 304 females, 293 males) were one age cohort of ninth graders in general education classes, who were followed for five years after completion of compulsory education. This time frame included two different transition phases: first, from comprehensive education to upper secondary education, and second, from upper secondary education to further studies or to working life. Structural equation modelling was used as analysis method. The findings show that mathematical and reading difficulties as well as socioemotional and behavioural problems had significant long-term effects on the participants’ educational careers. New in part was that these learning difficulties seemed to have somewhat divergent emphases on the three investigated life situations: (1) mathematical difficulties, more strongly than reading difficulties, caused the students to attain lower levels of education, (2) mathematical difficulties and socioemotional problems predicted a student ending up in the NEET group and (3) reading difficulties and behavioural problems predicted delayed graduation from upper secondary education.     

基于支架式教学的教育技术公共课的教学设计——以知识点“学习教育技术的意义”为例

支架式教学是典型的以学为主的教学模式,然而现代教育技术公共课内容多、课时少,应用支架式教学存在一些困难。该文结合了教育技术公共课部分知识点,将支架式教学灵活应用于课堂教学的某个或几个环节中,探讨如何有效发挥学习支架在课堂教学中的作用,以期改进教育技术公共课的教学效果。     

韩国教育管理体制现状概览

韩国实行中央集权的教育行政管理体制,从1991年起致力于促进教育的分权和自治。本文分别介绍了中央、地方和学校三个层面的教育管理组织结构及其功能,同时还介绍了韩国教育财政管理、教师管理以及课程和教材管理情况。目前,由于一些原因,韩国的教育分权和自治道路还存在着一些障碍。     

城乡统筹发展背景下农村义务教育走出困境的策略

近年来,我国农村义务教育发展取得了巨大成就。但是,与城市相比,农村义务教育在教育经费、师资力量、办学条件和教师待遇等方面仍然面临诸多困境。在统筹城乡发展的时代背景下,必须采取以下策略,农村义务教育才能走出发展困境,实现城乡义务教育高水平的均衡发展。补偿农村义务教育,各种基础性教育资源向农村倾斜是根本;加大对农村义务教育公共财政扶持力度,确保农村教育充足办学经费是关键;提高农村义务教育学校教师待遇,增强农村教育吸引力是基础;严格执行教育法律法规,履行政府公共教育责任是保障。     

The Construction of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties

This paper presents a critique of the educational model of emotional and behavioural difficulties in British education. In the wake of strong criticisms of the so-called medical model of maladjustment (pre-1980s), educational policies have defined the 'disturbing' pupil as having emotional and behavioural difficulties, and have more recently shifted towards reconstructing such difficulties as matters of discipline within school. The arguments from social science, semantics and ethics that were brought into play in the anti-medical critique are considered here in view of their consequences today for the construction of the 'disruptive pupil' and dilemmas for practitioners.     

从穷人教育学看教育公平

当前,我国已经采取了一系列措施,在教育投入上侧重于向经济困难群体倾斜,让贫困学生的求学之路更顺畅、更公平。温家宝总理提出的“穷人教育学”理念对于破解当前我国的教育难题有着重要的意义。     

What is the reality of ‘inclusion’ for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties in the primary classroom?

Abstract

Current education policy is oriented towards including children with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms. Hitherto they have been, on the whole, educated in special schools. Children with special educational needs include those who are physically disabled, those with learning difficulties and those with emotional and behavioural difficulties. It is the inclusion of this last group which is raising problems in mainstream classrooms. The article draws on psychoanalytic concepts in order to examine the reality of inclusion for three primary-age children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Observational material is presented which shows the impact of inclusion policy on the children, their teachers and their learning support assistants. There is also discussion of the work of the behaviour support teacher, whose job is to reduce exclusions and help schools to become more inclusive.     

Special and inclusive education in the Eastern Caribbean: policy practice and provision

The countries of the Eastern Caribbean have for more than a decade been committed to the implementation of a common educational reform strategy. At the heart of this strategy has been the policy of 'education for all', which includes establishing educational support services for children with special educational needs. In the past, many disabled children and children with learning difficulties have been excluded from the education system in these countries. For many more children, attendance at school has not given meaningful access to educational opportunities. This article discusses research carried out by the authors and reports on the implementation of the Reform Strategy and on the barriers to inclusive education that persist in the region.     

以人为本与当代师德建设

对人的理解方式的由社会本位到以人为本的转换,是一场教育范式的根本变革,在理论指导和观念更新方面对当代师德的影响是深刻而又深远的,使得人们对教育的价值取向和功能定位重新审视。只有对传统师德进行重新考量和批判继承,确立具有时代特征的教师道德,当代师德才能得以真正弘扬与拓展。教师道德的发展趋势就是要实现教育理念人性化、教育工作专业化。     

略论中国现代教育哲学的发展

中国现代教育哲学作为一门学科的出现,是在中国现代学校教育制度确立之后。中国传统教育哲学的基本精神是“天人合一”和“知行合一”。中国现代教育哲学的研究主要存在三方面的问题：１、中国现代教育哲学的发展未能古今贯通和中西合璧;２、中国教育哲学研究存在着“五多五少”现象,也一定程度上减缓了中国教育哲学的发展速度;３、教育哲学的理论困惑。促使新世纪中国教育哲学更好地发展,可以从四方面把握：１、确定研究方法论     

Peers as Paired Reading Tutors

Pupils from the peer group can be more effective as reading tutors than the parents of children with reading difficulties suggests Sam Winter, formerly an educational psychologist in Cleveland, now lecturer in educational psychology at Hong Kong University.     

The Decentralisation Of Education In Kerala State, India: Rhetoric And Reality

The decentralisation of educational administration has been widely advocated as a strategy to promote local participation in education. However, the fact that this advocacy has a long history raises the question why decentralisation has not been achieved in more educational systems. The answers to this question are many and complex. Among them are difficulties with the implementation of reforms. The present study examines some of these difficulties in Kerala State, India. It determines that although Kerala has a strong reputation for political participation, the rhetoric of decentralisation in the educational sector has not matched the reality there. The lessons to be learned in this context have wide implications for the theory and practice of decentralisation in education.