The war on poverty and social science research, 1965–1980

Declaration of the War on Poverty in the U.S. in 1965 was accompanied by a substantial increase in Federal research spending on the poverty problem in subsequent years. Both an input and output indicator are used to analyze the impact of this policy initiative on the social science disciplines. Both indicators—Federal poverty research expenditures and poverty-related Journal content—indicate that, from 1965 to 1985. poverty-related research has grown from a very low base to about 7–10 percent of social science research activity.     

The perceived moral qualities of web sites: implications for persuasion processes in human–computer interaction

This study extended the scope of previous findings in human–computer interaction research within the computers are social actors paradigm by showing that online users attribute perceptions of moral qualities to Websites and, further, that differential perceptions of morality affected the extent of persuasion. In an experiment (N = 138) that manipulated four morality conditions (universalist, relativist, egotistic, control) across worldview, a measured independent variable, users were asked to evaluate a Web site designed to aid them in making ethical decisions. Web sites offered four different types of ethical advice as participants contemplated cases involving ethical quandaries. Perceptions of the Web sites’ moral qualities varied depending on the type of advice given. Further, the Web sites’ perceived morality and participants’ worldview predicted credibility, persuasiveness, and attitudes toward the Web sites.     

Nikolai Vasilevich Sorokin and his research in botany,mycology, and microbiology at Imperial Kazan University, 1871–1901

In 2019, the world scientific community celebrates the 110th anniversary of the death of Nikolai Vasilevich Sorokin (1846–1909), an eminent Russian biologist. On this occasion, this paper reviews the life and work of Sorokin, who was known for many important scientific breakthroughs, particularly in botany, mycology, and microbiology. Drawing upon Sorokin’s publications and unpublished papers from archives, this account traces his key educational influences and the development of his research interests, research-related travels, contributions to the Russian movement in women’s higher education, and his key publications, particularly his four-volume treatise on plant parasites.     

How do policy instruments generate new ones? Analysing policy instruments feedback and interaction in educational research in England, 1986-2014

The study of research funding arrangements and the production of scientific knowledge has been marked by a lack of understanding about how research funding instruments interact and how these instruments shape policy-making and research fields. To fill this research gap, this study is theoretically supported by policy feedback and policy instruments’ interaction studies. It investigates the effects of the UK's research assessment exercise in the creation of the most emblematic national thematic research program for the field of educational research in the country – the Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP). Based on qualitative analysis of policy documents and semi-structured interviews with policy-makers and boundary-spanners, this paper shows how the research assessment exercise contributed to the creation of the TLRP and how the interaction between the two policy instruments shaped the field of educational research in England. In particular, the results show a) how the institutionalisation of the research assessment led to frame a “quality problem” in educational research that legitimated several policy initiatives, including the creation of the national thematic research programme (interpretative effects) and a shift in resources allocation (resource/incentive effects); and b) how the interaction between the two policy instruments contributed to methodological and epistemic drifts in the field of educational research.     

A guide to the literature on the history of engineering available in the cooper union library: Cooper Union Bulletin. Engineering and science series,Number 28, 46 pages, 18 × 2S CMS., paper. New York,The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 1946.

The linear logarithmic relations between deformation and temperature and pressure, previously empirical, have been directly derived from the defining equations for compressibility and thermal expansivity and shown to apply to all three stages of every deformation.Gibbs' thermodynamic potential function is shown to lead directly to simple and exact expressions for the energy of change of phase and of deformation within any one phase. The latter, a general equation of state, amounts to a simple relation between the four internal pressures.The derived deformation and energy functions are applied to some experimental data on steel tape which included thermal and relaxation observations.Thermodynamic relations governing both elastic and viscous behavior are developed. Plastic behavior involves both single phase and multiple phase applications of the second law. Precise thermal measurements should give the constants.