大学理念再思考

大学的理念是讨论大学诸问题的前提与关键。大学理念在西方经历了长期的演变,形成博雅教育、专业教育以及研究院制度等模式。19世纪末以来,美国创造性地学习德国的大学制度,开创了多元化高等教育与巨型大学的模式。在思考中国大学理念时有必要借鉴巨型大学的模式,实现多重理念在大学的融合,使大学体现以通识教育为核心的博雅教育理念、以知识创新为目标的研究型大学理念以及以学术为基础的社会服务理念。     

A CRITIQUE OF THE IDEA OF A WORLD UNIVERSITY

Since the end of the First World War, proposals have been made by individuals and international agencies for the establishment of a ‐world university, a university which would link together the nations of the world, and facilitate contributions to knowledge from all cultures. Despite the number of proposals that have been made, a world university has yet to be established. This paper provides an examination of two of the assumptions common to the proposals and subjects them to a critique with respect to current theories of world order and knowledge. These assumptions are that 1. international inter‐cultural understanding and the development of a shared world culture promote peace, and 2. that the institutional model of the university is applicable on a world scale.     

大学的理念和科学民主的价值

本文从跨文化的角度,比较了中西大学的传统及其现代影响,分析了西方中世纪大学民主和求真的传统。作者还简要讨论了“科学与民主”的理念思想如何通过北京大学的传统影响中国社会的现代化的进程,以及在新的时代如何坚持这一理念和传统。     

傅斯年与台湾大学的教育理念

本文以傅斯年未满两年的台大校长任内之改革理念及措施作为中心 ,分析傅斯年之大学理念、改革原则及其具体作为 ,指出傅斯年心目中理想的大学近于欧洲的大学之典型 ,但是其改革原则特别着重本国之具体社会文化脉络 ,并强调专业训练与通识教育的动态平衡     

ROLE OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE PROMOTION OF ADULT EDUCATION

The Group of Experts on Training and Retraining of Adult Educators was set up in 1972 by the Council of Europe's Council for Cultural Co‐operation (CCC). In the conclusions reached by this group, it was reaffirmed that one of the most important functions of higher education institutions in the implementation of the concept of lifelong education is, in fact, the training and retraining of personnel for adult education.

Extracts From the report prepared by the Group of Experts are presented below.     

终身教育的理念及在我国实施的政策措施

终身教育、终身学习是国际教育思潮 ,确立终身教育体系是构建学习型社会的重要基础之一。终身教育的提出是现代教育对传统教育的挑战的回答。终身教育体系应理解为 :正规教育、非正规教育和非正式教育的整合、协调和互动。终身学习、终身教育侧重于“时时”学习和受教育 ,社区教育侧重于“处处”学习和受教育。作为体系的终身教育 ,在实施过程中需要强调基于各种形式并又超越这些形式的全面组织的原则。实施终身教育应制定合理的政策和相关措施。     

WHAT UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTS THINK OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

This article examines the tenets of today's two contemporary traditions in Islam, neo-traditional Salafism and liberal or progressive Islam and analyzes how they cultivate a typology of Islamic religious education. The typology under study clarifies the meaning of tarbi yya and ta`dib in Islamic educational philosophy and demonstrates the place of these goals within a continuum of critical versus noncritical talim (teaching) in Islamic religious education. The purpose of this typology is to provide both scholars and practitioners a theoretical framework for thought and reflection about their pedagogic methods and scholarly work.     

FUNCTIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFE‐LONG EDUCATION

The economic and social changes which have taken place over the last two decades have led to corresponding changes in the role of higher education institutions. We give below an article concerning this problem in relation to life‐long education. The article is extracted from a report written by Bertrand Schwartz of the University of Bauphine, Paris, which was presented within the Council of Europe ‘s Council for Cultural Co‐operation project on permanent education. The findings of the project have been presented in a recent publication, “Work of Consolidation of the Evaluation of Pilot Experiments in the Permanent Education Field”.     

大学人文教育的理念、目标与模式

中国大学人文教育的问题涉及到我国大学本科教育的转型问题,亦即从以往那种只注重专业教育而缺乏通识教育的本科培养模式,转向“以通识教育为基础的专业发展”的本科教育模式。文章首先提出中国大学人文教育所面临的七个主要问题,然后比较详细地讨论和分析了美国现代大学通识教育近百年的历程及其不同阶段,并指出美国通识教育的核心特点是以人文社会科学为重、采取深度阅读经典阅读的方式以及小班制的讨论课。在此基础上,作者指出了所谓哈佛模式的误导,认为我国通识教育的道路应该是在有限的学分时间限制下、精心设计少而精的几门“共同核心课程”作为第一步。文章最后强调：中国大学通识教育课程的中心任务是要把从民国以来断裂的文化传统重新作现代整理,走“中西并举”的道路,以此逐渐形成我们大学的“核心课程”传统,使中国大学成为中国文明的担纲者。     

NEWMAN NOW: RE-EXAMINING THE CONCEPTS OF 'PHILOSOPHICAL' and 'LIBERAL' IN THE IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY

ABSTRACT:  Taking account of crucial differences between the social environments of universities in Newman's time and in ours, this paper considers two key concepts in the The Idea of the University , the 'philosophical' and the 'liberal'. It argues that, despite their merits, both concepts are beset by problems. And it suggests some lines of analysis, partly inspired by an Aristotelian influence both in Newman's own work and in some recent philosophy, that may help to address these problems and to support claims for the continuing power of Newman's thinking about university education.     

大学通识教育与文化素质教育

本文叙述通识教育在中国实施的过程,指出它是中国高等教育为摆脱计划经济时代过分专业化教育的束缚、面向社会、适应经济体制转轨而推行的一种改革。1995年起在全国开展的文化素质教育推动了这一改革进程,而国外的博雅教育和港台地区的通识教育促进了通识教育在大陆的实施。作者认为大学通识教育的基本功能在于帮助学生树立做人和做事的正确态度与能力,实施通识教育的主渠道是开设通识课程。作者阐述了开设通识课程的原则、要求、做法以及教师的条件,叙述了通识教育与文化素质教育的关系。     

先秦乐教思想及其对普通高校音乐教育的启示

先秦乐教理念从人性论的角度阐释了音乐所具有的情感属性、中和属性和道德属性,深入发掘了音乐对于人性和情感相关的教育功能,包括音乐的人格塑造功能、道德教化功能、人际交往功能、情感陶冶功能、社会改造功能等.普通高校音乐教育应当以古哺今,积极开发音乐的多种教育功能,并引导学生选择恰当的音乐、树立健康的音乐欣赏心理,使其在音乐熏陶中提升综合素质.