论学校发展的价值选择——兼对一种竞争性学校发展观的批判与反思

立足于竞争以获取更多的教育资源是当前较为普遍流行的一种学校发展观。在竞争性发展观的支配下,学校教育的内在价值追求,即学生的发展受到不应有的忽略,其危害至为深远。为此,应当从根本上颠覆竞争性学校发展观,建立以学生发展评判学校发展的发展观。从学生的发展出发来看待学校发展,则要求学校从学校教育的社会基础设施、教育对象的差异性存在以及教育的适应性等着手,由SWOT分析转向教育分析。     

Departing from the beaten path: international schools in China as a response to discrimination and academic failure in the Chinese educational system

International schools are commonly depicted in the academic literature and popular press as offering elite educational credentials to an elite, oftentimes international, student body. In this paper, I draw on a case study of a Canadian international school to argue that a new form of international school is emerging in China – one that offers a haven for domestic students from certain competitive and discriminatory features of the Chinese educational system. Fieldwork was conducted at a Canadian curriculum high school for Chinese citizens in Beijing. Most students at the school were internal migrants or children of China’s ‘new rich’ entrepreneurial class; that is, their families had economic resources but occupied precarious social positions in contemporary Chinese society. Analyses reveal that the international school offers a pathway to obtain baseline academic credentials in the absence of other opportunities for progress in the Chinese educational system. Together with evidence of dramatic growth in international schools and tracks in China, this case study suggests the emergence of a new type of international education programme that departs from a picture of international education as ‘elite’ in terms of student body, academic environment, and expected educational trajectories of graduates. The paper also develops our understanding of class and educational strategies in contemporary China.     

考试制度改革的必要性——一道幼儿升学考试试题引发的思考

二十一世纪是个充满竞争和挑战的时代,国与国之间不仅是综合国力的竞争,更是人才的竞争。在激烈复杂的国际竞争环境中,只有不断培养出引领高科技潮流的人才,才能使中华民族永葆青春自立于世界民族之林的前沿。面对当前的教育环境,改革考试制度显得尤为重要。只有通过考试制度的改革才能使中国教育更快地发展,为祖国未来建设输送出大批的高科技人才,满足社会的需求。     

媒介资源:中小广告公司的生存发展之道——以安徽新电文化传媒有限公司为例

改革开放三十多年来,中国广告随着中国经济的腾飞取得了长足的发展,如雨后春笋般兴起的中国中小广告公司在激烈的市场环境中生存环境越来越恶劣,而长期以来媒介导向型的中国广告市场并没有产生根本的改变,这就决定了媒介资源竞争依然会是广告公司竞争的重要领域.实力弱小的中小广告公司也必须在媒介资源尤其是新媒体资源上有所作为,才能形成自己的竞争优势,才能突破自身的发展瓶颈.     

Educational Neuroscience: Its Position,Aims and Expectations

ABSTRACT

An important issue in the discussion on educational neuroscience is the transfer of thought and findings between neuroscience and education. In addition to factual confusions in this transfer in the form of neuromyths, logical confusions, or neuro-misconceptions, can be identified. We consider these transfer difficulties in light of the way educational neuroscience is positioned in relation to the main fields involved: neuroscience, educational sciences and educational practice. A distinction between educational neuroscience as part of neuroscience, educational sciences and as an independent discipline will show that different types of questions are asked within these different positions. Distinguishing these positions will also shed light on the aim and possibilities to transfer knowledge and insights into educational practice and will elucidate the confusions in transfer. While educational neuroscience as part of educational sciences and as an independent discipline aims to directly connect to educational practice, be it in different ways, educational neuroscience as neurosciences does not have this goal or possibility.     

Healthy competition and unsound comparison: reforming educational competition in Singapore

It is frequently claimed that the ‘competition state’ responds to external competition by making competition increasingly central to its internal processes as well. This article discusses education reform in Singapore as departing from the opposite position. In Singapore ‘excessive’ competition in education is now targeted by policy-makers as a major obstacle to making Singapore education competitive in the global ‘knowledge economy’. Nevertheless, the consequence of education reform does not seem to be a reduction of educational competition as such, but rather a transition from an ‘academic’ to a ‘holistic’ form of competition, raising new questions of educational equity and fairness.     

The academic as consumed and consumer

ABSTRACT

In an increasingly competitive environment that positions students as consumers, universities have become ever more marketised, responding to policy contexts that foreground value for money, consumer choice and competition. The intensity of marketisation is argued to have profoundly affected the nature of academic work and scholars themselves, recreating academics as commodities to be weighed and measured, becoming corporatised, alienated and inauthentic in their practice. Yet with the majority of accounts of the commodification of higher education focusing on students, the actual process of how academics become consumed is under-theorised. This article therefore begins with a discussion of the historical context, providing evidence of the familiar indices of marketisation such as rampant self-promotion, the scramble for external funding and intense competition. It argues that this commodified DNA of the university provides the context for the seduction of the modern academic within the consumer society, a movement from the gratification of needs to the perpetual frustration of desires through the ‘Diderot Effect’ of policy shifts. It concludes with an examination of how contemporary academic work can be viewed through the lens of consumerism and how academics themselves have become consumers.     

Comment on Cizek's "More Unintended Consequences of High-Stakes Testing"

This discussion provides a response to Gregory Cizek's "More Unintended Consequences of High-Stakes Testing." The current policy debate is characterized by extreme positions both for and against testing, and Cizek's article balances positive consequences against antitesting critics. However, there is no evidence that high-stakes testing per se has substantial positive consequences–although there is optimism that aligned educational systems, in which testing is a component, may lead to higher levels of student attainment.     

Competition in Physical Education: Avoid,Ask, Adapt or Accept?

Competition is an essential part of youth sport. But should it also be part of the curriculum in physical education? Or are competitive activities incompatible with the educational context? While some researchers have argued that physical education should embrace the sporting logic of competition, others have criticized the negative experiences it can create for some students in school. In this article, we draw on insights from the philosophy of sport as well as educational philosophy, with the aim of questioning and critically examining the integration of competitive activities in physical education. We present and discuss four normative arguments (AVOID, ASK, ADAPT, and ACCEPT) that can each in their own way inform and guide future talks on the topic.     

国际教育服务贸易的相关理论及其解释力

绝对优势理论和比较优势理论从优势的角度解释了国际教育服务贸易产生和发展的原因,我国的汉语、中医是有绝对优势的学科,经济、工科等是有比较优势的学科。要素禀赋理论解释了优质教育资源丰裕度对国际教育服务贸易的影响,我国的学科教育资源丰裕度呈梯级结构,优质教育资源分布不均衡。新制度经济学理论解释了国际教育服务贸易的制度因素,我国具有多种产权形式的教育机构、跨国教育机构等,对教育主权很重视。竞争优势理论解释了国家在国际服务贸易中取得竞争优势的内部和外部条件,我国须尽快培育自己的竞争优势。经济一体化理论解释了国际联合的重要性,我国要加强与国际同行的合作。     

高职与普通高等教育的比较研究——以教育经济学为视角

教育的先导性和全局性战略地位表明合理配置教育资源极其重要，教育结构的失衡，教育质量观的偏差，都将影响社会和经济的持续健康发展。高等职业技术教育与普通高等教育是两种不同类型的教育，它们对劳动生产率的影响是不同的。本文以机械制造业技术人才为考察对象，以普通高等学校为参照系，以高等职业技术教育与劳动生产率理论构架和基本假设为前提，借鉴国内外的理论探讨和实证研究多方位多角度地审视高等职业技术教育的经济效益，重点阐释高等职业技术教育与劳动生产率的关系、从教育经济学的角度对发展我国高等职业技术教育进行探讨。     

国际竞争力与国际竞争新趋势

国际竞争力是一个系统体系 ,它不仅意味着国民财富的增加和实际国民收入的提高 ,而且与社会、资源、科技、教育等方面有关联。国际竞争形势的变化直接影响国际竞争力的研究。当代经济全球化的出现 ,竞争格局的变动与竞争优势的改变 ,使国际竞争出现了新态势。了解国际竞争形势 ,认清我国的国际竞争实力 ,有利于寻找我国竞争力的激发点。     

教育竞争何以可能——一种教育制度哲学的书写

人与人之间的教育关系并非只有合作,而且还要竞争,“人类在本质上是遗传了竞争和个人主义的本能”.教育竞争既有正向功能,但也有一定的负作用.教育制度恰是通过形成教育秩序,为约束过度的教育竞争、实现教育合作创造了条件.     

The culturally gifted classroom: a sociocultural approach to the inclusive education of English language learners

The need for including English language learners in the regular classroom at all phases of their linguistic and cultural development is presented within a Vygotkian sociocultural theory of human development. Based on the social primacy of development within this theoretical tenet, all aspects of development are viewed to proceed from social interactions. Effective social interactions that lead to development are distinguished by a heterogeneous collective experience of all participants in the interaction. In accordance with the sociocultural perspective, the educational goal of this heterogeneous group is to acquire and use cultural tools deemed appropriate to their time and place. As others’ cultures and languages become rich resources for becoming competent in one’s own culture, the cultural and linguistic diversity gained by including all students in the classroom becomes a powerful source of development for all.     

Does competition improve public school efficiency? A spatial analysis

Advocates for educational reform frequently call for policies to increase competition between schools because it is argued that market forces naturally lead to greater efficiencies, including improved student learning, when schools face competition. Researchers examining this issue are confronted with difficulties in defining reasonable measures of competition within local educational markets. We approach the problem through the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools to the development of a school competition index (SCI) for the state of Mississippi. The SCI captures the degree of competition each public school in the state faces from peer private schools spatially located within their local market area. We find that higher degrees of competition from private schools significantly increase public primary and high school efficiency, as measured by the proficiency rates on high-stakes examinations. It is anticipated that the current results will inform policymakers regarding the viability of competition-based reforms.     

‘Perceived’ competition and performance in Italian secondary schools: New evidence from OECD—PISA 2006

In this paper, we investigate the effects of competition on the performance of Italian secondary schools as measured by maths achievement scores (PISA 2006 dataset). Competition is measured by an indicator of ‘perceived’ competition (generated from an answer provided by the schools’ principals). The methodology employed is a propensity score matching that is corrected to take into account heteroskedasticity and finite sample bias. The results show a positive effect of competition on school performance. Nevertheless, this effect is quite low (between 3.62% and 4.05% computed at the average score level) and is consistent with previous findings about educational systems in Italy and worldwide. This is relevant for policy‐making because competition appears to impact school performance even in a country like Italy where specific pro‐competitive policies are quite absent.     

刍议技能大赛对中职专业教学的启示——以插花艺术为例

文章从技能大赛活动推动中职专业教学改革为切入点,以插花艺术技能大赛为例,探索如何"赛教结合、以赛促教",科学运用技能大赛优化《插花艺术》教学改革,提高学生专业技能水平和就业竞争力。     

教育内卷何以发生？——基于优绩制的理论思考

优绩制为分析教育内卷的发生根源提供了新的理论视角。作为优绩制的透明遴选机制，教育被视为促进社会流动、实现阶层跃迁最主要的通道。然而，随着优绩制的推广，教育的“选才”功能逐渐凌驾于“育人”价值之上，进而导致教育内卷的加剧。教育内卷的背后存在三方面的优绩制根源：一是精英阶层在教育角逐中对额外资源的占有导致竞争加剧扩散；二是优绩制的竞争逻辑所带来的系统性暴力使人们陷入西西弗斯般的奋斗“轮回”；三是优绩制的成就逻辑使优绩主体为了维护个人尊严和获得社会承认陷入自我盘剥的牢笼。成功者在“自我实现”的理想幻象中奔竞不息，失败者则不得不背负“平庸”的符号艰难跋涉。     

浅议教育类期刊编辑的市场意识

目前，教育类期刊市场面临着历史性的发展机遇，同时市场的竞争也日益激烈，要求编辑树立市场意识，从编辑的角度参与期刊的市场竞争。教育类期刊编辑的市场意识主要包括读意识、竞争意识、创新意识、经营意识和法律意识。     

核心竞争力与核心竞争力教育

本文尝试从竞争、竞争力、核心三个概念出发分析核心竞争力的内涵和本质,并在此基础上初步探讨核心竞争力教育的有关理论,对核心竞争力教育、教育核心竞争力的概念和特征进行界定、阐释,对开展核心竞争力教育的重大意义进行论述。