7050铝合金拉扭破坏的力学及声发射特征试验

搭建了金属拉伸-扭转力学及声发射特征测试系统,通过电子拉扭试验机及声发射信号检测仪对试件进行了不同加载速率下的拉伸-扭转组合破坏试验。同步采集加载过程中的力学特征及声发射特征信号,得到了试件在相应加载速率下的轴力-轴向位移曲线、扭矩-扭转角曲线、声发射振铃计数及能量等参数的时间历程曲线。基于应力状态理论推导出铝合金拉扭组合下的最大拉应力及最大切应力,实测了试件破坏面与横截面的夹角,实测结果与理论吻合度高。拉扭作用下铝合金试件的声发射能量释放形式主要表现为孤震型,加载速率越小,试件断裂所需时间越长,声发射幅度值也越小。     

金属材料拉扭破坏应力多元回归模型的试验研究

利用电子拉扭试验机对铸铁、中碳钢和铝合金标准试件分别进行了不同加载速率下的拉伸-扭转组合试验,得到了试件在相应加载速率下的轴力-轴向位移曲线、扭矩-扭转角曲线;计算得到了材料在各种加载速率下的破坏应力、破坏面方向;基于最小二乘法拟合得到了材料破坏应力及破坏方向关于拉伸、扭转加载速率的多元回归模型。研究表明:对于同种材料,建立的回归模型能较好地预测在给定加载速率下的破坏应力及破坏方向,破坏面方向的实测值、理论计算值与拟合值三者吻合较好。     

脆性材料单轴压缩力学特性的加载速率效应

利用电子材料试验机及岩石三轴试验机对铸铁、煤、砂岩3种脆性材料进行了不同加载速率下的单轴压缩试验,得到了它们的应力-应变曲线及抗压强度与压缩率随加载速率的变化曲线。研究结果表明:①3种脆性材料的抗压强度随加载速率的变化趋势各不相同。随着加载速率的增加,铸铁的抗压强度先减小后增加,煤样的抗压强度先增加后减小,而砂岩的抗压强度则持续减小。②随着加载速率的增加,铸铁、煤的抗压强度与各自的压缩率有相同的变化趋势。③铸铁的抗压强度是煤样的近15倍,而煤样的最大压缩率是铸铁的近28倍。     

液压万能试验机控制加载速率指针系统

老式液压万能试验机,因不能对加载速率准确控制,已不符合国际标准对实验条件的规定.经对老式试验机改造,以使其具备准确控制加载速率,既可节省大量费用,又能满足教学和生产的要求.     

高加载速率工况下履带板与可变形地面附着力测量实验系统

针对履带车辆机动性实验教学要求,设计了测量履带板与可变形地面的动态加载附着力的实验系统。实验系统包含动态垂向加载系统、水平牵引系统和数据采集装置,利用电液伺服激振台的垂向加载特性设计了可实现高加载速率、重载荷的垂向加载系统,采用蜗轮丝杠升降机和减速机设计了可调速率的水平牵引系统。实验表明,该系统操作简单,实验工况真实有效,可以满足高频重载工况下履带板与可变形地面之间的附着力测量需求。     

应变疲劳对钢材延性断裂韧度JIC的影响

应用应变疲劳能量损耗的理论和弹塑性断裂力学的J积分理论,初步探讨了钢材的应变循环加载对延性断裂韧度JIC的影响。通过对20G钢和16Mn热轧钢板两种钢材的应变循环加载前、后两种状态的延性断裂韧度JIC测试数据的比较,考察了这种影响的存在。测试结果表明,±0.3%全应变控制的循环加载,经历500周次后可使两种钢材的JIC数值产生15%以上的改变量。对于20G钢,这种变化与Rice给出的循环加载变形功与J积分之间的函数关系相对应;而对于16Mn钢则有较大的差异,其原因有待于进一步的研究。     

液压万能试验机控制加载速率指针系统

老式液压万能试验机，因不能对加载速率准确控制，已不符合国际标准对实验条件的规定。经对老式试验机改造，以使其具备准确控制加载速率，既可节省大量费用，又能满足教学和生产的要求．     

动静组合加载下花岗岩损伤断裂特征

在霍普金森试验系统上进行了花岗岩破坏的动静组合加载实验,根据实验结果,分析了岩石在动静组合加载下损伤断裂机制与特征.结果表明,不同动静组合加载下岩石破碎的粒度分布具有明显的率变效应;采用张开位移法计算出了岩石破裂时裂纹的宽度.     

张力剪切的实际剪切实验研究

张力剪切是使被切件在受拉伸的状态下进行剪切，从而改善切头和剪切断面的形状，降低剪切力并使被切件提前断裂。本文用平行刃剪切机研究了张力对剪切断面、剪切力、断裂时相对切入深度的影响，设计了剪切模型的加载装置，得到了一点有益于设计和理论分析的结果。     

TA15钛合金钨极氩弧焊焊接接头损伤容限性能研究

为了分析研究焊缝、热影响区、母材的损伤容限性能差异,对TA15钨极氩弧焊焊缝、热影响区和焊接母材分别进行了断裂韧度试验和疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,试验结果表明:焊缝、热影响区、焊接母材的断裂韧度值差别不大;三个应力比下(R=0.5,0.06,-1)氩弧焊热影响区裂纹扩展速率均较母材及焊缝的稍高,这种现象在正应力比下的低速扩展区更明显些;焊缝裂纹扩展速率一般稍低于母材。     

空心加压螺钉不同构型固定股骨颈骨折的生物力学研究

目的:用力学实验的方法,对倒、正等腰三角形布局的三枚空心加压螺钉固定头颈型股骨颈骨折进行生物力学比较,确定哪种空间构型生物力学性能好,从而为临床治疗股骨颈骨折提供理论依据.方法:用生物力学机测试比较倒、正等腰三角形空间构型抗压、抗扭性能及最大垂直载荷,实验数据用SPSS10.0统计软件进行t检验,P＜0.05有显著性差异.结果:倒等腰三角形构型在抗压、最大垂直载荷方面优于正等腰三角形组,有显著性差别;抗扭转方面无显著性差别.结论:实验结论支持治疗头颈型股骨颈骨折三枚空心加压螺钉倒等腰三角形构型生物力学效果好.     

A first order system model of fracture healing

INTRODUCTION Fracture healing is an important research subject in biomechanics. During the last years, many theories and simulation models have been proposed for de- veloping a comprehensive view of the mechanisms controlling bone morphogenesis. Pauwels (1960) was one of the first authors to propose a theory of tissue differentiation in response to local mechanical stress and strain. He assumed that deviatoric stresses com- prise the specific stimulus for the formation of fibrous connecti…     

A first order system model of fracture healing

A first order system model is proposed for simulating the influence of stress stimulation on fracture strength during fracture healing. To validate the model, the diaphyses of bilateral tibiae in 70 New Zealand rabbits were osteotomized and fixed with rigid plates and stress-relaxation plates, respectively. Stress shielding rate and ultimate bending strength of the healing bone were measured at 2 to 48 weeks postoperatively. Ratios of stress stimulation and fracture strength of the healing bone to those of intact bone were taken as the system input and output. The assumed first order system model can approximate the experimental data on fracture strength from the input of stress stimulation over time, both for the rigid plate group and the stress-relaxation plate group, with different system parameters of time constant and gain. The fitting curve indicates that the effect of mechanical stimulus occurs mainly in late stages of healing. First order system can model the stress adaptation process of fracture healing. This approach presents a simple bio-mathematical model of the relationship between stress stimulation and fracture strength, and has the potential to optimize planning of functional exercises and conduct parametric studies. Project (No. 39470698) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Ultimate strength of single shear bolted connections with cold-formed ferritic stainless steel

This paper is focused on the structural behavior of the single shear bolted connections with thin-walled ferritic stainless steel.The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultimate behaviors,such as ultimate strength and fracture mode of the single shear bolted connections of thin-walled ferritic stainless steel(low cost steel) rather than austenitic stainless steel(high cost steel).Bolt arrangement and end distance parallel to the direction of applied load are considered as main variables of the test specimens for bolted connections.Specimens have a constant dimension of edge distance perpendicular to the loading direction,bolt diameter,pitch,and gauge.A monotonic tensile test for specimens has been carried out and some bolted connections with long end distance showed curling(out of plane deformation) occurrence which led to strength reduction.The ultimate behaviors such as fracture mode,ultimate strength are compared with those predicted by current design codes.Further,conditions of curling occurrence and the strength reduction due to curling are investigated and modified strength equations are suggested considering the curling effect.     

应变率对混凝土动态强度性能影响的研究进展

综述应变率对混凝土动态强度性能的影响的试验研究进展情况,对目前国内外已开展的主要的混凝土动态特性实验研究成果进行分类说明与评述。包括单轴抗压动态加载、定侧压动态加载、双轴等比例动态加载、有初始静载的动态加载、单轴拉伸动态加载、有侧压的劈拉试验、循环荷栽作用下的拉伸试验以及考虑温度和湿度影响的动态加载试验。指出目前试验研究工作存在的问题,展望未来的发展趋势。对混凝土动态特性的研究今后仍将是本学科领域的一个热点。     

SiC颗粒粒度对高体积分数复合材料力学性能的影响

研究体积分数为55％的高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度、强度及韧性随SiC颗粒粒度的变化规律．结果表明：高体积分数复合材料的抗拉强度随粒度变化出现一峰值,在粒度为10μm时最高;当颗粒粒度在5μm到20μm之间时,复合材料断裂韧性随颗粒粒度增加而增大,且颗粒粒度越大增加的幅度越小．     

Preparation and Dynamic Tensile Behavior of C200 Green Reactive Powder Concrete

A new type of green reactive powder concrete (GRPC) with compressive strength of 200 MPa is prepared by utilizing composite mineral admixtures, natural fine aggregates, and short and fine steel fibers. The quasi-static mechanical properties (mechanical strength, toughness, fracture energy and interfacial bonding strength) of GRPC specimens, cured in three different types of regimes, are investigated. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the C200 GRPC made with the powder binders that is composed of 40% of Portland cement, 25% of ultra fine slag, 25% of ultra fine fly ash and 10% of silica fume are better than the others'. The corresponding compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture energy are more than 200 MPa, and 30 000 J/ m2 respectively. The dynamic tensile behavior of the C200 GRPC is also investigated through the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) according to the spalling phenomenon. The dynamic testing results demonstrate that strain rate has an important effect on the dynamic tensile behavior of GRPC. With the increase of strain rate, its peak stress and relevant strain increase. The GRPC exhibits an excellent strain ratio stiffening effect under the dynamic tensile load with high strain ratio, resulting in a significant change of the fracture pattern.     

硅酸钙—羟基磷灰石复合生物陶瓷的制备及其理化性能研究

以自制硅酸钙（CaSiO3）和羟基磷灰石（HAP）超细粉体为原料,按照不同的比例混合、成型、煅烧制得CaSiO3-HAP复合生物陶瓷。采用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对粉体及陶瓷样品进行物相成分和显微结构分析,并对复合生物陶瓷的收缩率、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和硬度等性能进行测定。研究结果表明：在HAP中添加一定量的CaSiO3,可以减小HAP陶瓷的收缩,并能提高其力学性能,CaSiO3含量为30wt％的CaSiO3-HAP复合生物陶瓷综合性能最佳,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到156．7MPa和2．32MPa·m^1/2,维氏硬度值达到6．5GPa,比纯HAP陶瓷的性能均有了较大的提高。     

Damage behavior of steel beam-to-column connections under inelastic cyclic loading

Brittle cracks were observed in the welded beam-to-column connections of steel frames during an earthquake. The crack propagation and accumulated damage to the connections can lead to fractures at much lower ductility ratios. Understanding the connections’ damage behavior during an earthquake is crucial for the design of steel moment frames in seismic areas. Nine full scale beam-to-column connections were tested under constant amplitude and variable amplitude cyclic loading. The effects of loading amplitude, loading history, and peak load on the connection damage were analyzed. The damage characters were studied and three damage evolution models were calibrated and validated based on test results. The damage mechanism was investigated and an effective plastic strain index was developed to evaluate connection damage based on a ductile fracture mechanism. A fatigue fracture mechanics-based model, for evaluating the damage process of beam-to-column connections under cyclic loading, was proposed.     

Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on Dynamic Properties of Concrete

To study the dynamic properties of the concrete subjected to impulsive loading, stress-time curves of concrete in different velocities were measured using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).Effects of temperature and strain rate on the dynamic yield strength and constitutive relation of the con-crete were analyzed. The dynamic mechanical properties of the reinforced concrete are subjected to high strain rates when it is at a relatively low temperature. But with temperature increasing, the temperature softening effect makes the strength of the concrete weaken and the impact toughness of the concrete is saliently relative to strain rate effect. So, strain rate effect, strain hardening and temperature softening work together on the dynamic mechanical capability of concrete and the relation between them is relatively complex.