Special Education in Spain

ABSTRACT

The past 20 years have seen major efforts to extend and reform the system of general education in Spain. Some of the most important reforms are contained in legislation passed in 1990. These developments have direct relevance to the reform which has also been taking place in the system of special education. Official policy is that integrated provision should be available in all schools, but in the short term the system has set itself an initial and more limited objective.     

西班牙高等教育私有化分析

在过去的30年中，西班牙的高等教育经历了许多变化。在1983年，由于人们对私立大学的合法性的认可开始了高等教育的竞争状态。1998年以来，由于学生人数的减少以及人们对高等教育需求的下降，进一步推进了高等教育的改革。2001年，西班牙政府颁布了一项新制度以推动公立大学的市场化行为和私有化运行。尽管目前来评价这些变化的作用可能为时尚早，因为大学公共资金拨付制度仍保留不变，而这是今后需要调整的关键问题，这样才能为高等教育提供真正的竞争条件。虽然市场已经进入到西班牙高等教育领域中，但是公立大学源源不尽的公共资金将是阻止一个真正公平竞争的市场形成的一股巨大的力量。     

校本培训云南模式构建的"五个结合"

校本培训是教师职后培训最重要的模式之一,针对其在云南发展的特点和问题,提出了校本培训与骨干教师培训、民族地区校本课程体系开发及民族文化教育师资培养、送教下乡模式、省统一考核体系、教学实践和教育科研 "五个结合"的具体措施,为校本培训云南模式的深入发展提供了一些可操作性的思路和建议.     

Integrating Art Education Models: Contemporary Controversies in Spain

In this article, a basic controversy for art education in Spain is analysed, and its antecedents in thought and social and artistic practices are reviewed. The controversy refers to the question whether school art education should be oriented towards the fine arts or towards the manual arts. Consequently, which should be the cultural model of reference in contemporary art education? These two controversies are considered as two dimensions whose poles have, to a certain extent, the capacity to articulate various educational trends. The values associated with each pole of each dimension are discussed: for the first dimension, creativity, originality, self‐efficacy and the value of accomplished work; for the second, increase of cultural capital and intercultural solidarity. Finally, the possibility is considered of elaborating educational models that would integrate the various mentioned educative values. The question is raised of the compatibility of these educational values, and it is pointed out that art education has the capacity to generate educational spaces of interchange and dialogue in which to combine languages and perspectives that can contribute to human development and to the mutual coexistence of social groups.     

Initial Teacher Education in Spain: a critical analysis

ABSTRACT

Initial teacher education of primary and secondary teachers in Spain is discussed. Recent developments are described with particular reference to the new curriculum, the institutional framework in which it is developed, the education level required, professional education, its structural coherence and rigour and the innovation it involves. These developments and current provisions are critically appraised and alternatives proposed.     

五种心理教育模式探析

心理教育在我国已呈如火如荼的发展态势,教育理论与实践工作者从不同的理论与实践域建构起各具特色的心理教育模式,但在现行的心理教育实践中最具有代表性的心理教育模式可概括为五种,即:心理—道德教育模式、情感教育模式、情境教育模式、青春期心理教育模式和协同教育模式。     

西班牙医学教育的现状和面临的挑战

西班牙的医学教育可分成三个不同的阶段,即本科生医学教育、毕业后医学教育和继续医学教育.本文介绍这三个阶段的现状、各阶段的优势和弱点、各阶段面临的挑战,以及如何看待国际社会对改革的支持.     

English in Education: the first fifty years

On the fiftieth anniversary of the first publication of English in Education, this article reviews the journal's contribution to research and practice in the teaching of English. A thematic analysis based on close study of a sample of volumes is arranged chronologically (to show the development of ideas and practices) and thematically in terms of language mode (speaking; writing; reading, including new technologies). The article argues that the journal archive can shed light on the educational past in ways that can effectively inform the educational present and help to set agenda for the future.     

Foundations of Laic Moral Education in Spain

This article studies the foundations of laic moral education in Spain. Some aspects of laic moral education can also be found in other nations, including the emergence of the laic man or the need for an educating State; other aspects of laic moral education, however, are peculiar to the Spanish case, such as the influence of Krausoinstitutionism and the programmes of 1931 Republicanism. This analysis of laic moral education centres on the bipolarity of traditionalism/liberalism. The article takes 1857 as its starting point, a date that is significant for the birth of laic morality and the Spanish education system. The article’s end point is 1936, on the threshold of the Civil War. This bipolarity of traditional/liberal is in combination, on the one hand, with the demands of Krausoinstitutionism for an independent morality and neutrality in instruction as tools for the attainment of a moral ideal of preparing men and, on the other hand, the Republican vindication of an autonomous morality and school laicism as key to the preparation of citizens, as well as with the demand for a civil morality fostered by an educating State.     

“五会”教育:职业学校教育的使命和任务

职业教育是将学生导向工作体系的教育。基于职业学校教育使命和培养目标任务,职业学校的学生教育必须坚持"五会"教育,即教育学生学会做人、学会学习、学会生活、学会合作、学会创新。这是给予学生安身立命之本的教育真谛。     

Education and social change in Spain: from crisis to opportunity

This paper analyses a particular socio-educational experience in a marginalised neighbourhood in Malaga, Spain. This initiative came about as an institutional proposal to combat neoliberal austerity policies and is known as the ‘Casa de la Buena Vida'. It aims to generate new educational practices based on solidarity, dignity and justice. The methodology followed entailed carrying out an ethnography at this institution, participating in the initiative over a period of 4 years. At the same time, life histories of some of its most notable members were drawn up. In the results section we offer an analysis of the particular identities that are created as a consequence of the living conditions, social conflicts, multicultural nature and survival strategies that operate in a welfarist policy system. We also analyse this institution's socio-educational proposal using alternative social practices that enable other subjectivities to develop.     

Implementing Key Competences in Basic Education: reflections on curriculum design and development in Spain

The concept of competence is a recent introduction into the curricula of the Spanish education system, and applies to vocational training and university, but also to basic education. In both cases, the meaning and use of the term have differed, sometimes giving rise to confusion. There can be no doubt, however, that this incorporation has been of significant impact. On the one hand, it has generated considerable debate between those who consider the concept to respond to economistic arguments, removed from educational realities, and those who believe it to have a transformation potential that cannot be ignored. On the other, incorporation of the concept is leading to a series of modifications in school practices and in teaching and learning with whose consequences we are not yet acquainted. This article analyses the situation created by the introduction of key competences in Spanish compulsory education and seeks to gauge the potential this offers for improving opportunities for success at school. The authors believe that key competences are a reformulation of educational intentions, whose consequences for schools and teaching practices largely depend on the new interpretation of learning in the light of different approaches and research traditions.     

论高校网络德育中需要处理好的五个关系

网络思想政治教育是在网络社会条件下思想政治教育实践发展的产物,是新时期思想政治教育工作的新领域。随着教育实践的发展,网络思想政治教育过程中特殊的矛盾关系逐渐凸显出来,知识性与价值性、虚拟性与现实性、开放性与凝聚性、主导性与互动性、社会教育与自我教育的关系是当前网络思想政治教育实践中五个重要的关系。高校网络思想政治教育工作必须处理好这五个关系才能不断提高其实效性。