论作为康德绝对命令对象的意志

在康德道德形而上学及实践理性批判中,关于意志的设定是理解绝对命令及其自由观的基础。理性向意志发布绝对命令,意志从而获得自由,绝对命令是人认识到自由并走向自由的桥梁。自由是意志固有的性质,但意志也受自然因果性的影响。当意志获得对自然因果性的独立性以及超越自然因果性之时,就达到了自由状态。     

论教师的自由意志

自由意志是人类通过理性凝聚而形成的普遍道德形式在个体中自觉、自愿和自然的体现,教师的自由意志亦然。但教师的意志自律有高于其他职业的特殊要求,它表现在教师自由意志的主体状态标准上。如自觉指教师自己要认识到所从事职业的意义与价值,要知道为什么要把自己的生命无私地奉献给学生们,等等。教师自由意志是在教师总体和个体的教学实践中锻炼而成的。     

《快乐王子》的文学伦理学解读

《快乐王子》中快乐王子和小燕子的情感纠葛一直被批评家视为同性恋行为而诟病,然而《快乐王子》体现出了王尔德创作时对伦理的关注与追求,童话故事中快乐王子和燕子都完成了各自的伦理选择。理性意志和自由意志的激烈斗争贯穿了整个作品,在伦理选择的过程中,快乐王子和燕子最终都选择了理性意志,他们选择牺牲自我而帮助他人。运用文学伦理学的批评方法,分析快乐王子的理性意志、燕子的自由意志以及快乐王子的理性意志对燕子自由意志的引导、控制,揭示了《快乐王子》的伦理内涵。     

道德归责中自由意志的“确定性”探究

自由意志作为道德归责的必要条件,在学术界得到了广泛认同。不相容论的自由意志论者提出的自由意志的叙述遭遇到决定论的挑战。面临决定论的挑战,一部分自由意志论者尝试肯定因果关系对道德责任的重要意义,提出一种“非确定性”因果关系来解释自由意志。但是,这种自由意志无法捕捉道德归责所需的控制力。道德归责的控制力是行动者心理上与行为之间的主动控制,包含着“确定性”的因果关系。因此,道德归责的自由意志应当从“确定性”因果关系中解释自由意志。“半相容论”为寻求这种自由意志的内涵提供了思路。     

论鲁迅的自由意志

鲁迅的心灵深处激荡着一种饱满的自由意志。鲁迅的自由意志是尼采用的“酒神”和首家的 “狂士”性格的集合。杂文是鲁忱自由意志最充分的载体。鲁迅的自由意志决定了鲁迅洞察黑暗、与黑暗进行殊死搏斗的品格。自由意志使鲁迅专断、霸道而缺乏宽容。     

论意志自由及对预防犯罪的影响

在哲学上，关于人是否存在意志自由的问题，历来有三种没的观点，绝对意志自由论、行为决定论、马克思的相对意志自由论。这三种观点对预防犯罪理论产生了重大影响；以绝对意志自由为基础，在预防犯罪上产生了刑罚预防论；以行为决定论为基础，产生了社会预防论；以马克思主义相对意志自由论为基础，产生了刑罚预防与社会预防结合论。本文在分析我国当前预防犯罪模式存在弊端的同时，提出了变“从重从快、严厉打击”为“以社会预防为     

论实践哲学中的意志自由与道德至善

在实践哲学领域中,特别是在康德的哲学思想中,其运用纯粹理性的方式对意志自由和至善做出了深刻的论述。而在近代以来,人们充分挖掘理性的同时,依然认识到追求至善是人的自身的目的所在。对道德至善与意志自由的关系进一步分析,得出意志自由是实现道德至善不可缺少的前提,并且实现道德至善又是意志自由的终极目标。     

自由意志是一个幻觉吗?——基于加扎尼加的突现路径

自由意志是一个幻觉吗?我们的行为以及做出怎样去行动的决定是如何实现的呢?自由意志问题关系到对人的自我的理解,尤其是关系到对人在宇宙中的地位的理解。现代神经科学的发展正在努力通过实验对自由意志问题下定论——即大脑活动先于有意识的思考。但是,要明确的是在神经科学出现惊人进步之前,对整个大脑机制的解释仍是有争议的。文章基于对目前困境的分析,详细探讨了加扎尼加自由意志的突现思想,这是有别于传统路径的研究,是在基于脑裂研究的基础上,提出自由意志是大脑复杂系统通过自我组织的一种新特性的突现,通过借助脑结构和脑组织的动态分析以及复杂系统的突现来以一种新的路径阐释自由意志,对自由意志及相关理论的研究具有十分重要的意义。     

两种西方意志自由观与马克思主义意志自由观的比较解读

意志自由观是个重要的哲学范畴,因此,考察不同思想家、不同思想派别对待意志自由问题的不同态度,无疑是一种必要而有效的方式。文章先从禁欲主义、唯意志论的视角探讨意志自由,再以比较论证的方法阐释以马克思为代表的生存论意义上的自由观。     

两种西方意志自由观与马克思主义意志自由观的比较解读

意志自由观是个重要的哲学范畴,因此,考察不同思想家、不同思想派别对待意志自由问题的不同态度,无疑是一种必要而有效的方式。从禁欲主义、唯意志论的视角探讨意志自由,再以比较论证的方法阐释以马克思为代表的生存论意义上的自由观,在当代社会仍有现实意义。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.