Differential trust between parents and teachers of children from low-income and immigrant backgrounds

This study was designed to investigate the trust relationship between parents and teachers in first grade. Additional research questions were whether trust was related to ethnicity and reading performance. The five facets of trust; benevolence, reliability, competence, honesty and openness, were measured on a 4-point Likert scale. Reading performance was measured by the three-minute test. Parents were found to have more trust in the reliability, competence and honesty of teachers than teachers in parents. Native-Dutch and immigrant parents have the same trust level towards their children’s teacher. However, teachers reported lower trust levels on all five facets of trust for immigrant parents. Our findings indicated that ethnicity has no influence on parents trust in teachers, but ethnicity may explain teachers’ trust in parents. Some support was found for the assumption that teachers’ trust plays a role in reading performance. Children were found to have higher reading performance when teachers reported higher trust in the benevolence and openness of parents.     

我国信托业制度缺失现状分析及对策建议

本文根据制度缺失理论分析了当前我国信托业的制度供给不足问题,并从完善信托法律体系、转变信托监管理念、放宽信托机构的政策约束、完善信托相关配套制度、优化信托公司治理结构等方面提出促进我国信托产业制度化建设的政策建议。     

Trust and Discipline: Adolescents’ Institutional and Teacher Trust Predict Classroom Behavioral Engagement following Teacher Discipline

This daily diary study examined how adolescents’ institutional and teacher-specific trust predicted classroom behavioral engagement the day after being disciplined by that teacher. Within mathematics classrooms, adolescents (N = 190; M_age = 14 years) reported institutional and teacher-specific trust and then completed a 15-day diary assessing teacher discipline and behavioral engagement. The results indicated that, among adolescents with low teacher trust, discipline was unrelated to next-day behavior. Contrastingly, adolescents with high teacher but low institutional trust became less engaged following discipline, whereas those with high teacher and institutional trust became more engaged. These findings suggest that adolescents interpret discipline within the social context of trust, and adolescents’ trust in the institution and teacher are important for discipline to improve behavior.     

政府质量、文化价值观和大学信任:基于47个国家数据的实证研究

运用来自47个国家的数据资料,考察了政府质量和文化价值观对大学信任的影响。研究发现：（1）政府质量中的政府效率指标对大学信任有显著的积极影响,而腐败和法治水平对大学信任无显著的影响作用;（2）文化价值观中的不确定性规避和后物质主义指标对大学信任有显著的影响作用,而权力距离对大学信任无明显影响;（3）文化价值观比政府质量对大学信任的影响更大;（4）政府质量和文化价值观对不同收入水平国家和不同人力资本国家大学信任的影响表现出一定的差异性,它们均显著影响低收入国家居民的大学信任,但对高收入国家居民大学信任的影响甚微,文化价值观仅对高人力资本国家的大学信任有显著的影响,而文化和制度变量对低人力资本国家的大学信任均未表现出明显的影响。     

信托的起源及其在我国的发展趋势

信托产生于英国,发展于美国,由于它强大的功能,已在各国广泛应用.从长远观点看,我国的信托发展趋势一是法律制度将取英美法系之长,补大陆法系之短;二是信托法律走向分离;三是信托相关法律制度有待细化.     

论中国信任文化的传统与现状

近十几年来，国内外的研究者对中国传统信任文化存在着一些误解：一是认为中国传统文化缺少普遍信任成长的因子，二是认为中国人对陌生人和外人极度不信任或者说根本不信任。在建构普遍信任的过程中．市场是普遍信任产生并得以存续的前提条件，中间组织成为信任建构的组织保障，各项法律、规范的完善为普遍信任的建立提供了有效的制度保障。     

新冠肺炎疫情下高校大学生政治信任状况分析研究

新冠疫情在较短的时间里迅速蔓延世界各地,如何形成有效治理机制成为各国首要任务。相比西方国家,我国在党中央的指导下,协调各方部门、组织,极短的时间内控制住了疫情,彰显出了我国体制的优势,推动了内地高校大学生增强我国政治信任度。本文选取内地高校大学生为研究对象,采用多元回归方法分析新冠肺炎疫情下大学生政治信任现状以及影响大学生政治信任“分殊化”的主要因素,发现内地高校大学生对各级政府政治信任度呈现“差序格局”现象,对政治信任三个主要标的物的信任程度排列为:对政治制度信任程度>对政府机构信任程度>对政府工作人员信任程度,以此提出增强新时代大学生政治信任的路径选择。     

E-learning technology and higher education: the impact of organizational trust

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of trust perceptions on teachers’ intention to continue using e-learning technology in higher education. Drawing on the model of organizational trust and the information systems continuance model, a new research model is developed and tested using data from a university college based on a survey of 401 university teachers. We find that teachers’ perceptions of system-based trust and trust in management exerted strong direct effects on intention to continue using an e-learning system. Additionally, system-based trust affects perceived usefulness, and thus fully mediates the influence of perceived usefulness on teachers’ intentions to use e-learning technology. Our findings clarify the relationship between trust and teachers continued use of e-learning technology and have implications, theoretical as well as practical, for trust-building structures that could improve the implementation of e-learning technologies in higher educational settings.     

Young Children's Trust Beliefs in Peers: Relations to Social Competence and Interactive Behaviors in a Peer Group

Research Findings: The aim of this study was to explore the relations between children's trust beliefs and social competence as well as social preference. In addition, this study examined how children with different trust belief profiles may differ in their peer interactive behaviors. A total of 47 children ages 5 to 6 participated in this study. Data were collected via observation of play behaviors, a teacher-rated social competence scale, and a child interview. The results indicated that children's trust beliefs in friends’ promise-keeping behaviors were positively associated with intrapersonal and interpersonal domains of social competence. Children who had greater trust in non-friend classmates’ promise-keeping behaviors tended to be sociable in a group, polite, and more preferred, and they were less likely to be disliked by peers. Children with different trust profiles exhibited differential interactive behaviors with peers. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest that parents and early childhood educators should pay more attention to the extent to which young children trust their close friends and familiar peers, especially in terms of keeping promises. Adults may model their efforts in keeping their promises made to children and enhance children's capacity to reciprocate trust in close relationships. Adults can help children differentiate their trust based on the intimacy of relationships.     

Trust in top management and immediate supervisor: The relationship to satisfaction,perceived organizational effectiveness,and information receiving

Utilizing 2068 individuals in 60 organizations in the U.S. and Italy, this study (a) examines the overall relationship between trust in top management and immediate supervisor and overall estimates of satisfaction and perceived organizational effectiveness, (b) compares the amount of variance in satisfaction and effectiveness that can be explained by trust in top management to the amount of variance explained by trust in immediate supervisor, and (c) clarifies the role of information receiving as a predictor of trust in top management and immediate supervisor. Results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the canonical equation explained 49% of the variance in the linear composites (Canonical R = .69, p < .001). Trust in top management was more strongly associated with satisfaction and effectiveness than was trust in immediate supervisor. Tzvo separate multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for geographic location of company and type of industry, information received about job and organizational issues uniquely explained 26% of the variance in trust in top management and 13% of the variance in trust in immediate supervisor.     

Loss of Institutional Trust Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Adolescents: A Consequence of Procedural Injustice and a Cause of Life‐Span Outcomes

This research tested a social‐developmental process model of trust discernment. From sixth to eighth grade, White and African American students were surveyed twice yearly (ages 11–14; Study 1, N = 277). African American students were more aware of racial bias in school disciplinary decisions, and as this awareness grew it predicted a loss of trust in school, leading to a large trust gap in seventh grade. Loss of trust by spring of seventh grade predicted African Americans’ subsequent discipline infractions and 4‐year college enrollment. Causality was confirmed with a trust‐restoring “wise feedback” treatment delivered in spring of seventh grade that improved African Americans’ eighth‐grade discipline and college outcomes. Correlational findings were replicated with Latino and White students (ages 11–14; Study 2, N = 206).     

Debunking the Fear of Peer Review: Combining Supervision and Evaluation and Living to Tell About It

Scholars have argued that combining supervision and evaluation is a conflict of interest that will damage the coaching process. Peer assistance and review (PAR) is an approach to the supervision and evaluation of teachers that runs counter to this argument, as the coach charged with providing professional support to a new or struggling veteran teacher also plays a formal role in that teacher’s summative personnel evaluation. This article presents data from a study of one urban school district in California as it implemented a PAR program, asking: (1) To what degree do PAR mentees trust their coaches, who conduct both formative and summative assessments? (2) How do PAR mentees who do not trust their coaches differ from those who do? Mentees’ trust in their coaches was a point and a half higher than their lack of trust in their coaches, as self-reported on a 4-point Likert scale. Those mentees who did not report a high degree of trust in their coaches were low-performing mentees.     

论邓小平政治信任思想及其当代价值

对马克思主义的坚定信仰、对人民和祖国的忠诚与热爱以及取信于民是邓小平政治信任的基本内容;以人民的根本利益作为政治信任的基石、以“经济的政治功能”作为政治信任的物质基础、以完善制度建设作为政治信任的制度保障是其基本特征.邓小平政治信任的当代价值在于为当代中国构建政治信任提供理论指导、现实依据以及正确的价值取向.     

大学生人际信任与社会支持的相关研究

采用人际信任量表和社会支持评定量表对安徽师范大学160名大学本科学生进行测查,用以探讨大学生人际信任与社会支持的关系。结果表明:性别与出生地对于人际信任的影响并不显著;是否为独生子和年级对于人际信任的影响显著;大学生的人际信任与社会支密切相关;回归分析表明,社会支持和主观支持均能预测大学生人际信任,表明社会支持是影响人际信任的重要因素。     

Trust and improvement in schools

This paper examines how trust affects teachers’ willingness to work with innovations introduced by central office administrators. Interview and focus group data collected over a three-year period in five schools are used to analyze the centrality of trust to teachers’ willingness to work with administrators to implement continuous improvement and quality management practices for their schools and classrooms. A qualitative data analysis software package was used to code interviews and focus groups for spontaneous comments that addressed trust. Two schools were characterized by high trust, and high willingness to change; high levels of distrust distinguished three others. This emphasis of the analysis is on the association of spontaneously expressed sentiments of trust or distrust and the association of those sentiments with willingness to participate in change initiated from outside the school building. Pre-existing patterns of relational and institutional trust will enhance or limit the ability of leaders to initiate large-scale change. More needs to be known about how to change coherently distrustful school settings in order for systemic change to occur.

Teacher loyalty of elementary schools in Taiwan: the contribution of gratitude and relationship quality

Gratitude was an important missing factor in the extant relationship quality and relationship loyalty model. We introduced gratitude into the model of relationship quality and relationship loyalty. Two hundred and eighteen teachers from elementary schools in Taiwan were used to conduct an empirical research. The results show that teachers' gratitude has positive direct effects on teachers' trust, satisfaction and commitment. Teachers' trust has no significant effect on behavioural loyalty but has a significant effect on attitudinal loyalty. However, teachers' satisfaction has no significant effect on attitudinal loyalty but has a significant effect on behavioural loyalty. Teachers' commitment has a significant effect on behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The mediating role of commitment implies that it (1) partially mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and attitudinal loyalty, and fully mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and behavioural loyalty; (2) partially mediates the relationship between teachers' satisfaction and behavioural loyalty, and fully mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and attitudinal loyalty.     

惩罚制度对大学生合作行为和人际信任的影响

选取被试大学生150名,依托E-prime实验平台,采取3个惩罚条件和2个实验阶段的混合实验设计,探讨惩罚对大学生合作行为中人际信任以及合作程度的影响。结果表明:(1)在加入惩罚情况下,团队成员信任感及合作程度显著升高;反之,显著降低。(2)惩罚力度与改变量呈正相关,即惩罚力度越大,团队信任感及合作程度提升越大。(3)由加入惩罚导致的信任感及合作程度提高与由惩罚取消导致的下降水平没有显著差异。     

The epistemic challenges,trust and the online collaborative group

The use of collaborative learning strategies continues to grow in online environments. The ability to collaborate may, therefore, present epistemic challenges for the students and hinder their capacity to trust their own and their fellow students’ ability to help them learn, and the capacity of the group (as a whole) to grow and develop. The purpose of this study is to: examine the students’ experiences in OCG groups to understand the ways trust issues manifest in the OCG; the ways these trust issues reflect epistemic challenges; and the strategies that the students use to resolve the trust issues. The study uses a phenomenographic approach, a qualitative interpretative research approach that seeks to illuminate people’s understandings and ideas about the world or their experiences of it. The data analysis revealed that trust—especially as it related to ability—was a persistent issue for the groups with regard to two epistemic challenges: trusting their own capacity to accomplish the task; and trusting the knowledge and skills of their peers.     

"诚信"的反思与构建

诚信,是社会美德和创造经济繁荣的根本。中国在现代化进程中,建基于传统伦理价值体系中的诚信系统已不能适应现代社会的生活,而适合现代社会新的系统还没有完全建立健全,这样,现代生活不可避免地面临着严重的诚信问题,甚至面临严重“诚信危机”。本文从社会关系的演变角度出发,对“诚信”的涵义进行了探索并分析了问题产生的本质原因,最后从文化教育的视角初步构建了现代社会的“诚信”机制。     

论委托人及其在信托关系中的法律地位

委托人是信托关系的设立者,是重要的信托当事人之一。关于委托人的概念及其在信托关系中的法律地位,各国法律有不同的规定,各国学者也有不同主张。笔者认为,在我国信托法中,委托人是指基于对受托人的信任将自己的财产权委托给受托人,形成信托财产,并要求受托人为受益人的利益或特定目的而管理、处分信托财产,自己仍然对管理和处分信托财产的行为享有约定或法定权利的信托当事人;委托人居于信托关系当事人地位,同时也是信托利害关系人。