Understanding Quantum Physics

Science &; Education -     

The Challenge of Quantum Physics Problems with Self-Metacognitive Questioning

Pre-service science teachers learn about metacognitive knowledge theoretically in their pedagogy courses; however, teaching practice in science classes reveals the theory–practice gap in their metacognitive knowledge, which has practical importance for prospective teachers. This paper reports on an experiment conducted to investigate the influence of self-metacognitive questioning for non-routine quantum physics problems on pre-service science teachers’ attitudes towards a quantum physics course. Pre-service teacher participants in the experimental and control groups were taught the subjects of quantum physics for 14 weeks, but only those in the experimental group were guided by self-metacognitive questioning during their engagement of non-routine problem-solving as a treatment process. The results indicate that self-metacognitive questioning for non-routine quantum physics problems creates a statistical effect favouring the experimental group students’ attitudes towards the quantum physics course. However, the positive change in the control group is explained by the postulates of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) of persuasion.

     

量子物理学基本概念的教学研究

;量子物理学和经典物理学是整个物理学的两个重要组成部分.它们研究的领域不同,研究的方法大相径庭,在推动社会发展和人类认识物质世界的历程中各自起着不可替代的作用.量子物理学描述微观领域的运动规律,我们需要面对不同于传统经典物理学的全新的数学工具、全新的思维方式、全新的概念群体等.只有抓住重点内容,从基本概念入手,深刻理解其物理内涵,才能达到事半功倍的教学效果.     

原子物理学教学中量子理论的应用

原子物理学作为普通物理学的最后一部分,又可以看作近代物理的开始,是研究微观粒子运动的学科,描述微观粒子运动的理论是量子理论。因此,原子物理学教学中必须应用量子理论。     

无时间量子引力与物理学的认识论

广义相对论否定了空间与时间是外在于物质的特别的实体，而是物质的相互作用与运动的显现的现象；同时，运动的定义不是相对作为背景的空间和时间，而是运动系统自身的运动关系的界定。作为显现的关系现象的时空不存在客观的时间。在此基础上的量子引力改变了物理学的认识论基础。量子引力中的各种问题带来了一系列意义深远的本体论与认识论的问题。     

量子信息的物理实现及发展概况

文章指出了量子信息处理的物理实现方案有：离子阱（Ion trap），腔量子电动力学（腔QED），核磁共振（NMR），量子点（Quantumdot），基于Josephson结的超导系统等。着重介绍了最有前景的腔QED方案，同时介绍了量子信息的发展概况，并指出目前亟待解决的问题。     

量子力学曲率解释与物理学的统一

量子力学的曲率解释在物理学思想层面为谋求相对论与量子力学的统一迈出了一大步。在此结合学者们的一些新的研究,进一步讨论了相对论与量子力学的深层次统一问题,涉及从相对论变换推导量子假说,康普顿物质波与德布罗意物质波的关系,超光速现象在量子层面是否存在以及如何理解等问题。     

高师物理学专业量子物理综合课程研究

探讨高等师范院校物理学专业原子物理学与量子力学课程整合的必要性和可行性,提出改革现行课程教学体系和教学内容的一些具体设想,以便促进量子物理综合课程教学研究与改革。     

Designing learning environments to teach interactive Quantum Physics

This study aims at describing and analysing systematically an interactive learning environment designed to teach Quantum Physics, a second-year physics course. The instructional design of Quantum Physics is a combination of interactive lectures (using audience response systems), tutorials and self-study in unit blocks, carried out with small groups. Individual formative feedback was introduced as a rapid assessment tool to provide an overview on progress and identify gaps by means of questioning students at three levels: conceptual; prior knowledge; homework exercises. The setup of Quantum Physics has been developed as a result of several loops of adjustments and improvements from a traditional-like type of teaching to an interactive classroom. Results of this particular instructional arrangement indicate significant gains in students’ achievements in comparison with the traditional structure of this course, after recent optimisation steps such as the implementation of an individual feedback system.     

量子场论的数学物理与物理数学

本文简要综述了1970－1989年量子场论及强子物理研究存在的12个疑团．     

Development and Use of a Conceptual Survey in Introductory Quantum Physics

Conceptual surveys have become increasingly popular at many levels to probe various aspects of science education research such as measuring student understanding of basic concepts and assessing the effectiveness of pedagogical material. The aim of this study was to construct a valid and reliable multiple‐choice conceptual survey to investigate students’ understanding of introductory quantum physics concepts. We examined course syllabi to establish content coverage, consulted with experts to extract fundamental content areas, and trialled open‐ended questions to determine how the selected content areas align with students’ difficulties. The questions were generated and trialled with different groups of students. Each version of the survey was critiqued by a group of discipline and teaching experts to establish its validity. The survey was administered to 312 students at the University of Sydney. Using the data from this sample, we performed five statistical tests (item difficulty index, item discrimination index, item point biserial coefficient, KR‐21 reliability test, and Ferguson’s delta) to evaluate the test’s reliability and discriminatory power. The result indicates that our survey is a reliable test. This study also provided data from which preliminary findings were drawn on students’ understandings of introductory quantum physics concepts. The main point is that questions which require an understanding of the standard interpretations of quantum physics are more challenging for students than those grouped as non‐interpretative. The division of conceptual questions into interpretive and non‐interpretive needs further exploration.     

从库仑定律看高师物理规律的教学

以库仑定律为例,阐述了在新课程背景下高师物理规律教学的方法,要突出物理思想方法的教学,让学生在实验的设计和验证中了解规律的建立过程和科学的研究方法,多方面培养学习能力和科学精神。     

A Story Without an Ending: The Quantum Physics Controversy 1950–1970

For many decades there has been controversy about the epistemological and ontologicalimplications of quantum mechanics. This article will make some preliminary remarksabout how physicists managed the scientific, philosophical, and even political aspects,of the controversy in order to establish a modus operandi for their work. Theexistence of such a lasting controversy, and its history, is relevant to the teaching ofquantum physics because the choice of the interpretation to be taught impacts on students' understanding of quantum concepts and on their understanding of the goal of science.     

人本视角下的大学物理课程地位和作用

在以学生和谐人格的构建为旨归的大学教育中,各类教育资源功用不一,各自从真善美用多个角度协同作用于学生成长。大学物理需要走出课程既往的工具逻辑,以人的逻辑和视角重新定位自身。针对学生成长需求,大学物理课程有着不同于其他教育资源的独特作用,应定位为通识类核心基础课。     

"量子力学"与"原子物理学" 两课程并合的设想

本文说明原子物理学与量子力学两课程并合的可能性、必要性和可行性，并给出并合后的教材体系及章节内容安排的设想。     

P-V图与热力学第一定律中的诸量

通过讨论热力学系统在准静态过程ΔE、A、Q诸量与P－V图中过程曲线之间的关系，可直接从P—V图上判断内能的增减、做功正负及热量交换的方向。     

如何看待《原子物理学》中的玻尔理论与量子力学

<原子物理学>在物理学的教育和学习中有着特殊的地位,特别是量子论建立初期的知识体系,是物理学获得知识、组织知识和运用知识的典范,通过量子论建立过程的物理定律、公式后面的思想和方法的教学,使学生在原子物理的学习过程中掌握物理学的思想和方法.