英汉"笑"类动词的语义成分及词化模式分析

英汉语中存在大量的“笑”类动词。文章采用词化理论和语义成分分析法,着重探讨了英汉“笑”类动词的语义成分和词化模式。研究发现核心语义成分决定这些动词的语义场归属,外围语义成分用来区分它们之间的差异。英汉“笑”类动词在语义成分和词化模式上既存在普遍性,又存在特殊性,这类动词的词化模式可概括为“动作 方式 (情态) 原因(目的)”,但具体词语的词化模式存在各自的特征。     

递进标记词语“而且”“并且”“并”和“且”的异同

“而且”“并且”“并”和“且”是常用的表递进关系的标记词语,语义上当基事和递事同为肯定结构时,四个词都可以实现由浅入深的逐层推进,但是当基事为肯定、递事为否定时,“并”则不能实现由肯定到否定的过渡。句法上“并”和“且”在使用上的限制要比“并且”和“而且”多。“并”不能连接句子,在连接短语时只连接动词和动词性短语。语用上四个词都有简化表达结构、强调突显递事的功能,但是不同之处在于语体的指示功能不同。     

“受累”的词义演变

“受累”一词起初作“受到连累”讲,构词语素“累”作“连累”义,是词语的核心语素,承担了词语主要的语义功能;另一构词语素“受”作为遭受义动词,必须与动词或形容词搭配出现,表示隐含被动,其后不能再加宾语, “受”限制了词语的语法和部分语用功能.“累”出现新义——“疲劳”“劳累”义,其词性由动词转变为形容词,核心语素语义变化对词义产生影响,而“受”语义虚化,用法比较灵活,允许“受+形容词”这一形式出现,因此“受累”一词生出新义——“受到劳累”.另外在使用过程中,受语用推理等因素影响,“受累”一词常使用作客气话,有“麻烦”“烦扰”之意.     

“化”尾动词试论

随着社会的进步,诸言也在不断发展。新中国成立后,以“化”做后缀的词(本文称之为“化”尾动词)日见增多。我们翻检了一下1987年3月18日的《人民日报》,八个版面的七版中都有“化”尾动词,共用不同的词19个,出现28次。这个情况表明,“化”尾动词已经成为汉语词语的有机组成部分,成为带词缀的词语的主要类别之一。(一)“×化”这种构词形式的出现,可以追溯到很早。《庄子·齐物论》就把庄周化蝶所达到的物我无间之境称之为“物化”;晋代干宝《搜神记》(十三)载:“木蠹生虫,羽化为蝶。”当然,我们不是说,这两个词就是“化”尾动词;这“化”在古汉语中还不能算词缀,它与“物”、“羽”二字     

现代汉语“路径”概念词汇化模式分析

“路径”是位移事件框架中最重要的因素,它表达位移实体移动的方向与路线。在不同语言中以不同的编码方式呈现,存在语言类型上的差异。论文分析了现代汉语中“路径”概念的词汇化模式及汉语“路径”动词的特点,并在此基础上讨论了汉语趋向词与英语小品词的区别。     

“化”缀词语义范畴化过程

“化”缀词构词能力之强,引起了语言学界的广泛关注和研究,对其研究也非常深刻。本文在前人基础上分析“化”缀词语义的范畴化过程,认为“化”缀词之所以使用这么广泛,与它的语义外延不断扩大有关。     

英汉表示“花费”与“支付”词语的义素对比分析及翻译

义素对比分析能够将单词词义拆分为不同的义素，有利于辨析近义词词义。其结果可运用到翻译中，帮助译者选择恰当的译词。通过对比分析英汉语中表示“费用”词语的义素，将词语分为表示“花费”和“支付”两种。之后分析表达“花费”词语的义素，得出cost指成本；expenditure表示公共支出；expense表示特定用途；分析表达“支付”词语，得出fee指专业服务；charge特指收费；rate指的是固定价格。最后利用结论对照翻译。义素分析可以帮助选择译文词语，为译者提供一种翻译词语的思维模式。     

综论“的”字的语义语用

“的”字在现代汉语中出现频率最高。作为虚词,其主要作用是表达定语和中心语的关系,有的词语之间如主谓或动宾等关系,加入“的”后,可以改变其结构关系,从而变成偏正短语。除此之外,它还可以和名词、动词、形容词、代词以及各类短语组成“的”字短语,大大扩展了词语的语义容量。还可以用在句末或句中,表达陈述或疑问的语气     

“须”的语法化

动词“须”经历了“助动词-副词-连词”的语法化历程。在“须”的语法化过程中,句法、语义、语用等因素均起着重要作用。从动词“须”到助动词“须”,演变机制主要是扩展,表现为句法结构的复杂化、名词和动词的次类变换;助动词“须”继续语法化的动因是回溯推理以及语义预设。就语义模式而言,“须”是沿着“道义-认识”的路径发展的。     

从词化对比角度分析英汉"走"类动词的语义

英汉语中存在大量"走"类动词,本文借用词化模式观点和语义成分分析法来探讨英汉"走"类动词的语义核心,语义成分,语义容量和词化偏爱,发现这两种语言中的"走"类动词既有语义共性,又有语义个性,表现出不同的语义成分、语义容量和词化偏爱。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…