科技期刊数字化出版转型初探

在分析科技期刊数字化出版已成为必然趋势的基础上,论述了中国科技期刊数字化发展的特点、存在的问题及与国外科技期刊数字化发展的差距,并提出了推进中国科技期刊数字化转型的具体举措。     

The impact of legacy systems on digital transformation in European public administration: Lesson learned from a multi case analysis

Legacy systems have continued to pose a major challenge to digital transformation efforts in public administration. A comprehensive review of literature suggests seven levels of complexity in transforming legacy systems, including, being a stand-alone system, being part of a larger system, and data incompatibility, each depicting unique criteria and challenges. Nonetheless, very little is known as to what degree these complexities implicate the implementation of digital transformation efforts in public administration (PA). To address this gap, this research conducted an analysis on four cases of digital transformation in three European PA settings (i.e., Denmark, the Netherlands, and the UK). The findings revealed complexities that pose the key challenges to systems interoperability and integrability, which are crucial in any digital transformation project. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of the systems to be transformed, the policies which they are serving, and the broader PA setting in which they are implemented were deemed central to succeeding in digital transformation efforts.     

A lesson in resilience: The abrupt digital transformation of society conferences in 2020

• The pandemic can be seen as an opportunity to revisit the justification for conferences and how they should be run to avoid elitism, climate impact, and diversity.
• 2020 saw a wealth of different approaches to events, including financing, technologies, scheduling, and the meaning of the term ‘live’.
• Engaging attendees and providing networking opportunities are considered the main obstacle to virtual events, but can social networking lessons help resolve – or even improve – this?
• It may take some time for online event programming to achieve the right balance of flexibility versus ‘buzz’ to meet a conference's key objectives: knowledge sharing and peer interaction.
• Live broadcasting is on the rise, but the on‐demand video model is gaining popularity as it ensures high‐quality presentation recordings and consistency of experience.
• Over time, technical challenges of online meetings will resolve, with competition leading to more reasonable pricing, customers becoming savvier, and vendors learning from experience.

     

通过加快改革解决我国数字出版转型中的制约因素

本文从管理体制、运营机制、领导体制、产业集中度、运营模式以及版权保护等几个方面入手,试图回答这样一个问题:为什么国外的数字出版是由传统出版单位发轫并引领,由此而实现了从传统出版向数字出版的成功转型,而国内的数字出版却由技术服务商引领,而在内容方面占尽优势的传统出版单位在数字出版方面却不见起色?提出了只有进一步深化并加快出版体制改革,才能解决制约我国数字出版转型的因素.     

Towards a comprehensive understanding of digital transformation in government: Analysis of flexibility and enterprise architecture

Digital transformation (DT) is a strategic imperative for governments that aim to improve their services and efficiency. Despite high expectations regarding DT practices, there is limited empirical evidence on how governments are approaching DT in a hierarchical bureaucracy context and how flexibility is created to enable progression. In this research, we employed a case study approach to investigate and analyze DT based on relevant events occurring in a five-year period. A conceptual model was created by combining the diamond framework, the technology enactment framework, and enterprise architecture scope to facilitate the chronological analysis of these events and reflect upon the creation of flexibility. The findings indicate that DT in government spreads in waves with adaptations in different organizational elements, impacting the whole administrative system from the provincial level to the country level and including both radical and incremental changes. Flexibility increases alongside progress in DT and can be technology-enabled or policy-enabled. The creation of flexibility also depends on organizational elements and bureaucratic levels. This study advocates a cross-level view to comprehensively understand DT and offers insights to help other governments craft DT agenda.     

Co-production in digital transformation of public administration and public value creation: The case of Denmark

Public administrations are investing in the digital transformation of their citizen-oriented services and internal administrative processes. They are using co-production approaches and include different types of stakeholders into these transformative processes to increase service quality and generate public value. In this study, we investigate how these co-production approaches are implemented in both digital strategy formulation and implementation in Denmark. We identify four different types of public value: citizen, economic, administrative and societal public value.     

Facilitating cross-cleavage communication online: Findings from interviews with ultra-Orthodox,religious, and secular participants

One of the key questions addressed by the study of online social media is whether or not they facilitate cross-cleavage communication between users of different nationality, ethnicity, religiosity, and other group affiliations. This study contributes to the literature by addressing communication across religious cleavages, which has scarcely received attention. The study is based on 97 semistructured interviews of a layered sample. Of the respondents, 40 were secular (21 men and 19 women), 28 Modern Orthodox (14 men and 14 women), and 29 ultra-Orthodox (11 men and 18 women). We found that groups differing by their majority/minority status and type of religious observance used the Internet for different purposes. Many secular respondents (members of the majority group in Israel) were motivated to make contact on social media by social needs. On the other hand, ultra-Orthodox respondents (members of the minority group) were exclusively focused on professional objectives as a motivation to use social media. Consequently, their online behaviors were quite different and they more frequently encounter people from groups differing by type of religious observance through social media.     

Defining Cataloging Ethics: Practitioner Perspectives

ABSTRACT

Catalogers often need to make ethical decisions about their daily work. What is the starting point for defining cataloging ethics and how do practitioners define the concept? In this paper, the authors explore definitions of ethics and cataloging ethics in the literature, and subsequently analyze responses to a question asking respondents to define cataloging ethics. Set against the existing backdrop of the American Library Association “Code of Ethics,” the authors propose that shared values create a framework for discussing cataloging ethics, rather than a single articulated definition.     

数字时代科技期刊编辑意识的强化与转变

在分析我国科技期刊数字出版现状和发展趋势的基础上,指出数字时代科技期刊编辑角色定位的重要性,探讨科技期刊编辑应如何实现出版意识的强化与转变,以适应乃至促进科技期刊的数字化出版。     

Family favoritism: Defining a communication-oriented construct

This study draws from 98 participant interviews to develop an empirical definition of family favoritism. Results indicate that study participants understand favoritism as a consistent, sometimes situational parental demonstration of preferential treatment toward a particular child, especially in consideration of attention, resources, and affection. Considering a communication as constitutive of reality perspective in conjunction with the definition helps to illuminate the communicative nature of favoritism, especially as participants recognize how attention and affection are communicated and resources are offered. The results of this study suggest that communication is constitutive of favoritism, and further studies should consider communication’s centrality in familial favoritism.     

从公开出版到"网络化生存":我们的自然选择

中国工程物理研究院主办的一种内部出版的期刊因缺乏活力而停刊,后办的一种期刊改为公开出版后获得了生机。出版工作一直与本行业的科技发展息息相关。今天他们又一次面临挑战甚至是生存危机。在可预见的将来,传统学术期刊的网络化数字化进程是新媒体时代传播信息的需要,是谋求自身发展的必然选择。     

Evaluation of digital libraries: Criteria and problems from users' perspectives

Digital library research has developed over the past decade, but little has been done on the identification of evaluation criteria, especially from users' perspectives. This article identifies users' criteria and applies them to the evaluation of existing digital libraries. Forty-eight subjects were instructed to develop and justify a set of essential criteria for the evaluation of digital libraries. At the same time, they were requested to evaluate existing digital libraries by applying the criteria that they were developing. A compilation of criteria developed by participants show that usability and collection quality were the most important criteria for evaluating digital libraries. Service quality, system performance efficiency, and user opinion solicitation were also deemed essential criteria. The author further compares digital library evaluation criteria identified by users and researchers and applied in previous research. The article reveals problems in current digital library design and development, discusses suggestions for improving digital library design, and presents areas for further research.     

Culture and conflict: Defining the National Archives

This article is a revised version of an address given at the Symposium on Presidential Libraries and Historical Scholarship at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1993. While the article focuses on presidential papers, it does so in the context of broader access and information issues still facing the National Archives.     

Genetic influence on political discussion: Results from two twin studies

ABSTRACT

Two twin studies are used to explore genetic influence on political discussion. Results from both studies demonstrate latent genetic traits account for, on average, 40.63% of variance in traditional and online political talk, discussion with agreement and disagreement, and political conflict avoidance. Taken together, the findings suggest a heritable genetic mechanism may partly explain why individuals vary across multiple dimensions of political discussion and differentially experience discussion effects. Implications for the political discussion effects literature and for reconceptualizing the etiology of political discussion are discussed.     

Examining TMZ: What traditional digital journalism can learn from celebrity news

TMZ remains one of the most popular destinations for people searching for news on the Web. Even though the site publishes celebrity news, traditional news organizations may be able to learn something from how TMZ caters to its audience. This study, using textual analysis, examines all stories published on the site during a one-month period (N = 1,002). We illustrate the types of content the site publishes (paparazzi-based content; document-based reporting; sports-themed material; and reader polls), and the results are interpreted through the lens of market theory for news production.     

Defining functional requirements for acquisitions records: Vendor metadata

Vendor records are one of the key components underpinning the acquisitions record in the integrated library system. Acquisitions and collection development practitioners increasingly need to record, access, and manipulate acquisitions vendor metadata for purposes not foreseen by the architects of current generation ILSs. The authors posit that vendor records can serve as an appropriate metaphor for the entire acquisitions record in the development of standards. The analysis of data elements and proposed grouping into fields, records, and metarecords suggests a direction for further development and enhanced functionality. The authors call on librarians, systems vendors, and materials vendors to engage in a dialog aimed at creating an accepted standard for vendor records that will meet the needs of all parties.