浅谈变制冷剂流量空调系统

文章介绍了变制冷剞流量空调系统的确定．设计中需要考虑的冷量衰减,几种新风处理方法的优缺点．冬季供热时应注意的问题以及变制冷剂流量系统的控制系统。     

清洁能源在南方地区集中供热制冷应用的浅析

随着经济发展,各类民用和工业用户的冷、热需求不断增加,对供热制冷输出形式的要求也变得多样化。受热源的制约,集中供热发展极不均衡,而自建小型供热制冷设备能源浪费大,对环境污染大。清洁能源的集中供热制冷应用能很好地解决现有热源数量过少、输出热能形式过于单一、供热区域受限等问题,且能源利用率高,不造成环境污染。     

谈城市污水在建筑供热制冷中的应用

统计资料显示,中国每年污水排放量为46.4×109m3,可供5×109m2以上的建筑供热制冷,如果在全国推广应用污水源热泵空调系统技术,每年可节约燃煤9280×104t,减少二氧化碳排放0.28×109t,真正做到"节能减排又省钱",对于改善和解决我国的环境和能源问题,具有十分重要的意义。     

关于直埋管在供热工程中的应用分析

氨酯保温直埋管自三十年代聚氨酯合成材料诞生以来,一直作为一种优良的绝热保温材料而得到迅速发展,其应用范围也越来越广泛,更由于其施工简便、节能防腐效果显著而被大量地用于各种供热、制冷,输油、输汽等各种管道。大量地用于各种供热、制冷、输油、输汽等各种管道。这也正是聚氨酪保温直埋管在我国供热工程上得以迅猛发展的内在动力。     

海水源热泵在某小区应用的探讨

介绍了一种以海水作为冷热源的供热、制冷和提供生活热水的新型环保系统。比较了各种常规的供暖模式的经济及环保效益,初步探讨了海水源热泵在沿海生活小区应用中存在的技术问题。并根据工程具体情况对系统的运行费用进行了分析。     

智能热网萌发的效益

文章阐述了唐山热力总公司2010～2011年自主研发的"智能热网监控系统",实现了大网智能全覆盖,彻底改变传统的供热调度与管网平衡调节模式,大大缓解热源制约带来的用热需求压力,为节能供热与管理创新提供强有力的技术支撑,既实现了唐山热力"节能供热、经济运行"的既定目标,又给公司带来了超凡的效益。     

小议供暖居住建筑节能措施

近年来,我国的建筑节能工作者在节能型围护结构的开发和应用方面做了大量工作,但供暖供热系统的节能工作却效果不明显。经验表明,节能型围护结构与节能型供暖系统的节能比例大致为1:1,供暖供热系统节能具有很大潜力。大量实践证明,同样是非节能建筑,提高供暖供热系统的设计、施工、设备质量及运行管理水平,会极大地提高节能降耗的最终效果;而片面的强调围护结构的节能,忽视系统本身的节能,即没有节能型的系统与围护结构的节能同步实施,必将出现节能建筑不能实现"节能到手"的现象。     

青山绿景苑3号4号住宅楼节能案例

住宅建筑节能,通过合理设计技术,在保证室内舒适度的前提下,减少供热、空调制冷制热、照明热水供应的能耗。     

严寒地区高层宾馆类建筑供热系统的绿色建筑节能设计

本文以严寒地区高层宾馆建筑的供热系统为依托,综合分析严寒地区的气候特点及各项影响因素,从绿色节能、可靠舒适两方面来确定该建筑的供热系统在供热热源、供热系统形式、换热机组、散热器和围护结构等五个的设计方案,为绿色建筑的供热系统设计提供了具体的应用思路可行的设计方案。     

谈谈水源热泵空调系统

随着我国社会经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高,公共建筑和住宅的供热和制冷已成为普遍的要求。我国的能源结构主要依靠矿物燃料,特别是煤炭,而大量燃烧矿物燃料所产生的环境影响,已日益成为政府关注的焦点,环保要求愈来愈高,加上有形能源（如石油、天然气）的价格日益升高,电价逐步提高等多种元素。除了大型集中供热的方式以外,急需加快发展其它的替代供热方式,而水源热泵技术则是有效节省能源,减少大气污染和CO2排放的供热和制冷新技术。水源热泵空调1912年起源干欧洲,已发展为一种非常先进实用的技术,但在我国开发利用水源热泵时间还比较短,如何发展管理,使用水源热泵是一个崭新的课题。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence