学前融合教育质量:相关概念解析与评价工具的理论构想

无论在理论或实证研究方面,国内针对托幼机构教育质量的研究尚处于摇篮期.而在这些刚刚起步的研究中通常没有包含特殊幼儿的教育质量问题.合理地界定和评估学前融合教育是确保特殊幼儿接受有质量的早期教育的基础.作者在总结了什么是有质量的早期普通教育和特殊教育的理论和相关研究的基础上,提出了建构适合中国国情的有质量的早期融合教育的理论依据.     

Renewed Hopes and Lost Opportunities: early childhood in the early years of the Labour Government

The first 2 years of the Labour government have seen unparalleled attention and resources devoted to early childhood services. However, behind the current flurry of activity, a larger opportunity may be slipping away: the opportunity to transform a neglected and incoherent confusion of services into an integrated and coherent early years service. Rather than thinking the unthinkable, government seems to have settled for a process of reform, opting for more and better of the same. Transformation required six major issues to be fully addressed: what constitutes early childhood: administrative integration; staffing; funding; the type of early childhood services that the UK needs; and identifying critical questions about early childhood and the purposes of early childhood services. So far, however, they have not been. Having waited years for change, it would have been better to have waited a bit longer for a White Paper setting out the vision of a transformed early childhood service and the steps needed to achieve that vision over the next 5 to 10 years     

论专业化视野下准幼师基本功训练的实效性

教师专业化是教师教育教学改革和职业素质的必然要求,培养专业化的师资是教育教学的质量保证。基于"师范性和专业性"的融合,提出培养高质量的学前师资从基本功训练入手,既要保证师范生"三笔一话"的传统,还要体现幼儿教师的专业技能,提高准幼师就业竞争力和适应专业化发展的要求。     

Blended Perspectives: A Global Vision for High-Quality Early Childhood Education

What are the attributes of a high-quality early childhood education program worldwide? An group of experienced early childhood educators that represent diverse international backgrounds attempts to respond to this question by examining six dimensions of quality set forth by the Association for Childhood Education International: (1) philosophies and goals, (2) high-quality physical environments, (3) developmentally appropriate and effective pedagogy and curriculum, (4) attention to basic and special needs, (5) respect for families and communities, (6) professionally prepared teachers and staff, and (7) rigorous program evaluation. The article concludes with an annotated list of references, both in professional publications and online, that examine early childhood education from an international perspective.     

Examining Response to Intervention Using a Framework of Best Practice from Early Childhood Special Education

I believe that the integration of people with disabilities is one of the most critical issues that the field is currently facing. It is an issue in which there is little agreement over what integration is, whether it is desirable or not, and to what degree it should occur as a policy and on an individual level. My co-authors and I strongly support the integration of people with disabilities into all aspects of society and that empirically based intervention strategies are needed to ensure that quality programming is provided for successful integration. Starting inte- gration in early childhood settings is an important point to begin efforts because children become used to having peers of differing abilities and are then more likely to be accepting of others as they get older if they receive this exposure at an early age. I highlight two important points of our article.     

游戏与幼儿教育融合的路径刍论

游戏在幼儿教育中具有不可替代的作用,教师可在教学中积极探索游戏与幼儿教育融合的策略,寓教于乐,对幼儿进行启发式教学。但目前,游戏与幼儿教育的融合存在游戏在幼儿教育中应用不足、幼儿在游戏中互动性不足等问题。文章分析游戏与幼儿教育融合的意义、存在的问题,探究具体融合策略。     

“I Don’t See Color”: Challenging Assumptions about Discussing Race with Young Children

Early childhood classrooms in the US continue to become increasingly diverse as we journey through the twenty first century. Yet and still, many early childhood educators have been slow to respond to these shifts in diversity on the basis of both developmental and political concerns. In this guess editorial, I argue for the integration of anti-racist education in the early childhood social studies classroom. The reasons I discuss here concern: when and how children develop racial attitudes, the difficulty of altering long-standing stereotypes, student empowerment, critical teacher reflection, and issues of standardization. I conclude with several considerations teachers should heed as they engage in this form of education.     

Evolving issues in early childhood education: A personal perspective

This article describes the issues in early childhood education that were most pressing during the past two decades. It indicates whether each issue has been settled and outlines urgent new issues for today. In 1967 the most salient issues were the importance of early childhood for education, when early education should begin, whether it could compensate for childhood experience at home, and whether the effects of early education were permanent. In 1972 the central issue was the best kind of early educational program. By 1977 attention had shifted to ways that early education could be done most efficiently and cheaply, whether parent education was the answer, and how it worked. By 1982 a new issue had arisen: the effects of full-time day care on preschool children's development. Today's most pressing issues seem to be finding ways to maximize the fit between programs and participants, the implications of the superbaby trend, and the effects of day care on infants' development.     

儿童早期学习政策的新思路--基于2019年OECD《帮助婴幼儿学习和成长》报告

OECD为进一步促进国际社会对儿童存在的理解、增强各国对儿童早期学习的投入力度、逐渐消除各地儿童发展差异,于2019年3月发布了《帮助婴幼儿学习和成长》政策研究报告。从儿童早期学习"机会"的获得、"结构性质量"的管理、"关键教学方法"的选择、"课程一体化"的设计四个"政策维度"入手阐释了当前OECD国家/地区在ECEC方面的政策实施现状。反映了这些国家/地区儿童早期学习政策发展的新思路:加强"保教一体化"整合式管理以保证有效衔接;普及3岁以上儿童学前教育以实现义务教育向幼小化延伸;建立国家级幼儿教育课程标准以提供一致的质量基准;保障ECEC阶段师资数量和质量以提升幼师专业水准。     

Making ‘place’ for ecological sustainability in early childhood education

Culturally, childhood is often understood as a time of innocence which can mean that issues such as ecological sustainability are considered too problematic for early childhood practice. By drawing on findings from a research project that focused on issues of ecological sustainability in early childhood centres in New Zealand from Western and indigenous perspectives, this article contributes a critical perspective of ecological sustainability as an educational issue in early childhood education (ECE). The article falls into two parts: the first section gives an overview of some of the conceptual and theoretical issues that underpin critical perspectives of childhood, and provides a context for current global ECE discourse, while the second section introduces the research project and discusses the intersections of ‘local’ and ‘global’ in light of teachers’ emerging ‘pedagogies of place’. The intent is to demonstrate that critical engagement with such complex global issues as ecological sustainability generates spaces for new understandings of how ECE can contribute to theory and practice of education for sustainability.     

我国“有质量”的学前教育发展内涵与实现进路

21世纪以来,追求高质量学前教育已成为世界各国的共识,国际社会均将高质量学前教育视为构筑国家财富的重要标志之一。在我国,《中国教育现代化2035》也明确提出了“普及有质量的学前教育”这一发展目标。融合“客观主义”和“相对主义”的质量内涵,本文阐析了我国学前教育质量的三重价值诉求及五维核心要素,提出了政府、机构、家庭对话联动,课程和师资、制度和监测等要素系统建设的质量框架体系;从学前教育质量的可负担、公平均衡和持续活力三方面梳理了我国“有质量”学前教育发展的现实困境;并从儿童发展目标重构、课程和师资提升、公共服务体系完善三方面为未来的实现进路提出了建议。     

What Preschool Classroom Experiences Are Associated With Whether Children Improve in Visuomotor Integration?

Research Findings: This study examined the contribution of several class-room experience measures (classroom characteristics, teacher characteristics, and teacher–child interactions) to preschoolers’ improvement in visuomotor integration. Children (N = 467) ranged in age from 3 to 5 years old and were enrolled in 115 classrooms in 5 U.S. states. Children’s visuomotor integration was measured twice (on average 5.2 months apart) using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (visuomotor integration subtest). Hierarchical linear models controlling for background characteristics and inhibitory control showed that children improved more in visuomotor integration when they were in classrooms with fewer 3-year-olds, when their teacher had at least a bachelor’s degree, and when teachers demonstrated high quality in their interactions. Practice or Policy: Visuomotor integration, and specifically the ability to copy designs with a writing utensil, is a robust indicator of children’s school readiness and longitudinal achievement. U.S. preschoolers gained more on visuomotor integration in classrooms with fewer 3-year-old children that were taught by a college-educated teacher and when such classrooms provided high-quality organizational and instructional interactions. These results expand the outcomes linked to early childhood education experiences and emphasize the need for well-prepared early childhood teachers who interact with children effectively.     

中国高质量学前教育指标体系建构研究

运用"四梁八柱"的思维方法并借鉴CIPP评价模型的结构逻辑,按照循序循证的五步研究路径对中国学前教育指标体系进行现状分析、国际比较、理论构想、实证建构和政策建议。首先选取目前在中国具有较大影响力的学前教育政策文本进行内容分析以结构性描述中国学前教育指标体系的现状;进而将当今中国与国外学前教育指标体系的结构性框架和具体指标进行并置、比较以分析中国现行学前教育指标体系的结构性和内容性问题;随后构想出包括背景、投入、过程和成果4个一级指标,13个二级指标及其下设的55个三级指标的高质量学前教育指标体系的结构框架和具体内容;再后基于实证研究建构出新时代中国高质量学前教育指标体系的"四梁八柱"和关键指标,形成包括价值质量、条件质量、过程质量、结果质量4个一级指标,涵盖价值取向、社会背景、体制机制、资源配置、保育教育、园所管理、普及普惠、安全优质8个二级指标及其下设的57个三级指标的中国高质量学前教育指标体系的基础框架和基本样态;最后提出中国高质量学前教育指标体系建设的5条政策建议,分别是积极构建结构框架以确保对系统性质量的统筹关注、特别重视背景因素以确保对价值性质量的优先关注、持续关注输入因素以...     

Validation of the Early Childhood Ecology Scale-Revised: A Reflective Tool for Teacher Candidates

Given increasing numbers of young culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) children across the United States, it is crucial to prepare early childhood teachers to create high-quality environments that facilitate the development of all children. The Early Childhood Ecology Scale-Revised (ECES-R) has been developed as a reflective tool to help early childhood teacher candidates examine their beliefs concerning classroom ecology. Using cultural responsivity and classroom management theories as the theoretical framework, the authors posit that the ECES-R identifies five dimensions that promote a high-quality, culturally responsive classroom ecology. These include the sociocognitive, sociocultural, sociolinguistic, socioemotional, and sociophysical dimensions. Evidence for reliability and validity was established. Factor analysis supported the five proposed dimensions, with the identification of an additional dimension: sociocomfort.     

Discipline Policies in Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Building an Infrastructure for Social and Academic Success

Research Findings: Preventing challenging behavior in young children is a national priority. The number of young children with behavioral problems is on the rise. Discipline policies can help early childhood programs build an infrastructure that promotes social and academic success. This study sought to document the extent to which existing early childhood program discipline policies implement the essential features for developing high-quality, system-wide (viz., program- and school-wide) discipline policies. Using the Early Childhood Discipline Policy Essentials Checklist, investigators assessed the quality of 65 discipline policies from state-licensed early childhood care and education programs. Practice or Policy: Results revealed that early childhood program discipline policies, for the most part, fail to sufficiently address those essential features known to contribute to reducing challenging behavior and promoting prosocial behavior in young children.     

Using Early Learning Standards to Provide High-Quality Education for All Children: The Early Learning Guidelines Toolkit

Today with the rise in the number of 3- to 6-year-old children enrolled in center-based early childhood programs, and a focus on program quality, it becomes imperative for educators to have a better understanding of the role research plays in establishing high-quality programs as these programs provide much of the foundation that supports early learning and development (Child Trends, 2014). Although psychology, and the role of child development research in particular, has always been integral to the field of early childhood education beginning with the seminal works of Piaget, Bronfenbrenner, Bruner, and others (Lickona,1971), the field had never fully embraced the use of research to inform practice, until the 1990s. This had been, in part, because the field of early childhood education originally viewed itself as a field of practitioners that provided for the everyday care and needs of young children, whereas it viewed child development researchers as scientists who paid little attention to the practical needs of classroom teaching (Takanishi, 1981 Takanishi, R. (1981). Early childhood education and research: The changing relationship. Theory into Practice, 20, 86–92.[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). Although, today, there is no longer this ideological divide between the two areas, with the child development research being used to inform educational practice and policy (Center for the Developing Child, 2007), nevertheless there still remains a gap in the ability of educators to effectively implement evidence-based practices. Given the increased focus on providing young children with access to high-quality education, and the need for teachers to implement evidence-based practices the present paper attempts to bridge the gap by providing a brief overview of the science of early childhood development, its importance for development of early learning standards, and an overview of the Early Learning Toolkit which was developed to provide early learning educators guidance and resources to support the implementation of early learning standards within their own states as well as well across the nation. The goal of this article is to bridge theory and practice in early childhood education.     

兰德公司“T项目”研究及其对我国学前教育的启示

兰德公司"T项目"充分探讨了数字化信息与通讯技术(ICT)对学前教育的影响及学前教育应当采取的回应方式,认为信息技术素养对儿童的数字化生存意义重大,学前教育应担负跨越"数字鸿沟"的使命。因此,当以儿童发展为本,从ICT的使用目的、发展适宜性ICT的界定、相应的支持体系、师资准备、家长参与等方面综合建构有效的工作模式。中国学前教育也当直面数字时代的挑战,基于深入研究寻求ICT在儿童生活中的有效整合。     

AreYoung children susceptible to the false-memory illusion?

False memories have typically been found to be more common during early childhood than during later childhood or adulthood. However, fuzzy-trace theory makes the counterintuitive prediction that some powerful forms of adult false memory will be greatly attenuated in early childhood, an important example being the Deese/Roediger/McDermott (DRM) illusion. Three developmental studies of this illusion (N = 282) found that (1) it was at near-floor levels in young children, (2) it was still below adult levels by early adolescence, and (3) the low levels of the illusion in young children may be due to failure to "get the gist" of DRM materials.     

Primary Caregiving as a Framework for Preparing Early Childhood Preservice Students to Understand and Work with Infants

Research Findings: This qualitative study explored the process through which a small group of preservice early childhood teachers engaged in primary caregiving as a framework for learning about early care and education with infants during an infant practicum course at a university-affiliated early childhood center in the United States. Based on multiple data sources, findings revealed that the participants found the primary care system to be beneficial to both infants and teachers. The student teachers gained a better understanding of the uniqueness of the infancy period, experienced the emotional rewards of a special relationship with an infant, and learned to provide individualized and relationship-based infant care and education, while the infants received the benefits of this care. The integration of hands-on practice enacting a primary care system in a responsive infant room, ongoing supervision, and a theory-to-practice seminar created an effective professional learning process for the student teachers, which helped them to grow as both infant teachers and early childhood professionals. Practice or Policy: These findings are a 1st step toward looking more deeply at 1 strategy as a promising practice for the future, offering implications for early childhood teacher education and new insight to the field.     

Feminist tales of teaching and resistance: reimagining gender in early childhood education (Reggio Emilia,Italy)

ABSTRACT

This article investigates whether the memories of women’s movements that grew out of the Italian Resistance to the Nazi-Fascist Regime during the Second World War have left any legacy to women teachers in early childhood education. The article focuses on the case of internationally renowned and high-quality schools for young children, the municipal schools of a northern Italian town called Reggio Emilia. In contrast to much of the literature on gender and early childhood education, this paper reveals that many women teachers in these schools think of themselves as agents of social change, and that this is tied to their memories of the Italian Resistance.