Further validation of the Qualitative Scoring System for the modified bender-gestalt test

This study compared the Qualitative Scoring System for the modified version of the Bender-Gestalt Test and the Developmental Scoring System for the Bender-Gestalt Test in predicting performance on the Metropolitan Achievement Test. The subjects were 409 first through fourth graders from regular classes in a public elementary school. Both scoring systems correlated significantly with school achievement. However, the Qualitative system correlated higher than the Developmental system with all Metropolitan Achievement Test subscores. Tests for differences between correlations indicated that five of these comparisons were statistically significant.     

几个英语作文自动评分系统的原理与评述

本文介绍目前美国在大规模考试和英语教学中最为流行的几个作文自动评分系统的基本原理并对这些系统进行简单的评述。所涉及的系统包括Project Essay Grader(PEG),Intelligent Essay Assessor (IEA),E-rater和Criterion,IntelliMetric和MY Access!,Bayesian Essay Test Scoring System(BETSY)。     

Evaluation of an Innovative Mathematics Program in Terms of Classroom Environment,Student Attitudes,and Conceptual Development

Dull classroom environments, poor students’ attitudes and inhibited conceptual development led to the creation of an innovative mathematics program, the Class Banking System (CBS), which enables teachers to use constructivist ideas and approaches. To assess the effectiveness of the CBS, the Individualised Classroom Environment Questionnaire (ICEQ), Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES), Test of Mathematics-Related Attitudes (TOMRA), and concept map tests were administered to two groups of fifth-grade students as pretests and posttests over an academic year. To enrich the data collected from those questionnaires, three case studies (one for the experimental group and two for the control group) were undertaken based on observations and interviews of selected students. Relative to non-CBS students, CBS students experienced more favorable changes in terms of mathematics concept development, attitudes to mathematics, and perceived classroom environments on several dimensions of the CLES (e.g., Personal Relevance, Shared Control) and the ICEQ (e.g., Participation and Differentiation). Qualitative information based on classroom observations and student interviews reinforced and enriched the patterns of results obtained from the concept test and questionnaires.     

Reading Comprehension Tests Vary in the Skills They Assess: Differential Dependence on Decoding and Oral Comprehension

Comprehension tests are often used interchangeably, suggesting an implicit assumption that they are all measuring the same thing. We examine the validity of this assumption by comparing some of the most popular reading comprehension measures used in research and clinical practice in the United States: the Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT), the two assessments (retellings and comprehension questions) from the Qualitative Reading Inventory (QRI), the Woodcock–Johnson Passage Comprehension subtest (WJPC), and the Reading Comprehension test from the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT). Modest intercorrelations among the tests suggested that they were measuring different skills. Regression analyses showed that decoding, not listening comprehension, accounts for most of the variance in both the PIAT and the WJPC; the reverse holds for the GORT and both QRI measures. Large developmental differences in what the tests measure were found for the PIAT and the WJPC, but not the other tests, both when development was measured by chronological age and by word reading ability. We discuss the serious implications for research and clinical practice of having different comprehension tests measure different skills and of having the same test assess different skills depending on developmental level.     

The characteristics and quality of pre-school education in Spain

We examined 25 four-year-old pre-school classrooms from a random sample of 15 schools within a large urban city in southern Spain. Observational measures of classroom quality included the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System and the Observation of Activities in Pre-school. Findings revealed that, on average, classroom quality was low in regards to space and materials, developmentally appropriate activities and instruction; however, classrooms were relatively high on positive climate and productivity, and teachers demonstrated positive relationships with families. The observed ratio of children to teachers was high across classrooms. Results from regression analyses indicate that a higher ratio was associated with lower quality language modelling, teacher feedback and personal care routines available in these settings. Qualitative data from teacher interviews highlighted the importance of a pre-school education for children's development and school readiness, but also emphasised the challenges teachers faced with the new government-subsidised, universal pre-school programme, including increased class sizes and a lack of staff and resources. Implications for maintaining high-quality programme standards are discussed.     

Assessment of mentally retarded children with the Matrix Analogies Test-Short Form,Draw A Person: A quantitative scoring system,and the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement

This study examined the utility of the MAT-SF and the DAP: A Quantitative Scoring System as screening instruments for mental retardation. In this study, 46 normals and 39 developmentally handicapped (DH) 4th- and 5th-grade students were group administered both screening tests and individually administered an achievement test, the KTEA. The results found the MAT-SF to correlate significantly with all areas of achievement for both groups, whereas the DAP did not correlate significantly with any areas of achievement for the normal group but correlated significantly with math, but not reading, for the developmentally handicapped students. The results support the use of the MAT-SF as a screening instrument for mental retardation, whereas the usefulness of the DAP is not as clear.     

PETS一3口语测试评分方法对信度的影响

全国公共英语等级考试包括笔试和口试两大部分,分为五级。PETS-3口语测试评分方法既有优点,也存在不足之处。该口试评分方法对测试的信度产生了一定影响。评分的信度取决于评分标准、评分依据以及评分人三方面的共同作用．最终确保评分信度的真实、可靠。     

The relationship between young children's academic achievement and measures of intelligence

To test the construct validity of brief measures of intelligence and explore how well these instruments relate to academic performance, the WPPSI-R, the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Scale (K-BIT), Draw-A-Person: Quantitative Scoring System (DAP:QSS), and the K-ABC Achievement Scale were administered to 50 kindergarten and first-grade children. Results indicated that all measures provide similar scores, all in the average range. All brief measures related significantly to academic achievement. Implications of the findings are discussed, and a battery for screening young children is offered.     

基于WEB模式的网络考试系统的设计与实现

介绍了基于WEB模式的体育理论课网络考试系统的开发,给出了该系统的部分实现代码。为其它标准化考试科目开发网络环境下的考试系统提供了基础。     

高中学业水平考试实验考查方案设计探析

高中学业水平考试是应新课程改革要求设立的新型标准参照考试,实验考查是其重要组成部分。为了切合新课标理念,体现素质教育精髓,本文设计了新的实验考查方案。笔者在剖析原会考实验考查的缺失之处的基础上,介绍了新方案的设计理念、主要特色以及在具体实施过程中需要注意的问题。     

新型微波测量线CATS的设计与实现

介绍了自行研制的基于常规测量线测试系统的新型微波测量线CATS(ComputerAidedTestSystem),着重阐述了系统的工作原理、功能、特点和CATS组件的硬件、软件设计方案。在CATS的基础上,配置相应的微波参数测量软件可实现多种参数的自动测量。该系统对微波实验教学和实际应用均具有较高的实用价值。     

CHINA EXAMINATIONS

<正>The Flynn Effect on Intelligence Test for Children in China and Its Impacting Factors College Entrance Essay Reform and Scoring Error Control:From the Perspective of Psychometrics Discussion again on the Reform of College Entrance Examination Education Testing Fairness of the Disadvantaged Groups:Problems,Causes and Countermeasures     

Measuring Quality of Classroom Interactions in Italian Primary School: Structural Validity of the CLASS K–3

Abstract

Through two studies, this work examined the applicability, interpretability, and construct validity of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System K-3 (CLASS) to measure quality of classroom interactions. In the first study, the CLASS was used in 332 classrooms to test three alternative models (in time order, the one-, three-factor, and two-factor models) to examine its factorial structure. The one-factor model showed worse fit than the other two models. The latent factors of the three-factor model were highly correlated. The bifactor model showed adequate fit. The aim of the second study was to investigate the construct validity of the CLASS. We used data collected from 31 classrooms to examine associations between factors extracted from the bifactor model with outcome variables in the domains of the student-teacher relationship, behavioral problems, and academic achievement. General- and domain-specific factors revealed different patterns of associations with child outcomes. The results are discussed relative to the Italian context.     

用况驱动的系统测试用例设计

本文通过对测试原则与用况驱动思想的分析,提出了用况驱动系统测试用例设计的思想。从功能性测试、性能测试、回归测试等三方面,阐述了该思想在测试用例设计过程中的必要性和应用方式。并重点以功能性测试为例,给出一些该思想应用于实践的方法和经验。     

基于B／S与C／S混合模式的《大学计算机应用基础》考试系统

以湖南第一师范学院大学计算机应用基础考试系统为例,对基于C／S与B／S混合模式的在线考试系统进行了系统分析和设计,将系统分为题库管理子系统和在线考试子系统两个部分。该系统实现了Word操作题、PowerPoint操作题以及Excel操作题的自动阅卷以及试卷随机生成的关键技术。     

IQ and neuropsychological predictors of academic achievement

Word reading and math computation scores were predicted from Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Full Scale IQ, 10 neuropsychological tests, and parent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ratings in 214 general population elementary school children. IQ was the best single predictor of achievement. In addition, Digit Span contributed significantly to reading prediction, and the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and Coding contributed to math prediction. The remaining neuropsychological test scores did not significantly improve achievement prediction. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a general ability factor (comprising the four IQ subtests, Digit Span, VMI, reading, and math), five factors made up solely of subtests from single measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, Gordon Diagnostic System, California Verbal Learning Test, and ADHD ratings), a factor consisting of Grooved Pegboard Test and Coding, and a factor consisting of Symbol Search and Animal Naming Test.     

改进小生境遗传算法在组卷策略中的应用研究

组卷系统组成试卷的效率和成功率主要依赖于组卷算法.结合传统的组卷算法的优缺点,提出了一种新的组卷算法,这种算法将聚类分析、共享技术和拥挤技术有机的结合起来,可以有效的搜索多模空间的多个极值点.同时可以通过调节拥挤因子控制收敛到的生境数目,避免找到无效的极值点.这种算法无须事先确定生境的数目和生境的大小,可以适用于各种问题的优化.     

Parental involvement in schooling, classroom environment and student outcomes

We investigated relationships between students’ perceptions of parental involvement in schooling, their Spanish classroom environment and student outcomes (attitudes and achievement). Modified Spanish versions of the What Is Happening In this Class?, Test of Spanish-Related Attitudes-L₁, a parental involvement questionnaire and a Spanish achievement test were administered to 223 Hispanic Grade 4–6 students in South Florida. The factor structure and internal consistency reliability of the questionnaires was supported. Strong associations were found for parental involvement with students’ learning environment perceptions and student outcomes, and for Spanish classroom environment with student outcomes. When the unique and common variances in student outcomes explained by the classroom environment and the home environment were examined, the home environment was more influential than the classroom environment in terms of students’ attitudes, but the classroom environment was more influential than the home environment in terms of achievement.     

Examining Rater Effects on the Classroom Assessment Scoring System

The Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS; Pianta et al., 2008) is a popular measure of teacher–child interactions. Despite its prominence, CLASS scores have fairly weak relations with various child outcomes (e.g., Zaslow et al., 2010). One potential reason for these findings could be systematic differences in observer severity. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore the scope and impact of rater effects on CLASS scores with a sample of 77 teachers who were rated by 13 observers. Results indicated significant rater effects across all three CLASS domains. Adjusting for these effects, however, did not improve relations between CLASS scores and child outcomes. Implications for the CLASS and related assessments are discussed.     

全港性系统评估:水平参照分数报告和水平厘定技术在香港的实践

本文以小学数学科为例,介绍了香港全港性系统评估应用项目反应理论中的Rasch模型进行测验设计和数据分析,以及用改进的Angoff方法和书签法进行水平厘定,获得水平参照分数报告的过程。