如何进行科技馆展品串联辅导

展品是科技馆科学教育信息的最主要载体。如何通过辅导不仅将展品的科技知识传递给观众,而且实现更高层次的科学教育效果,是目前我国科技馆提升展览教育能力与水平的重要命题。本文首先分析了科技馆教育与学校教育的区别和联系,对目前科技馆展览教育的情况进行了研究,论证了为什么要进行展品辅导、需要什么样的展品辅导等问题,提出了通过串联辅导将分散孤立的展品联系起来的观点,进而探讨进行展品串联辅导的方法。     

展览展品创新开发对支撑现代科技馆体系建设的思考与探讨——以合肥科技馆为例

展览展品作为科技馆最具标识性的符号和最核心的科学传播载体,一直是科技馆业内同行关注的重点。本文围绕展览展品创新开发的理念与原则、方法与步骤、机制与保障等多个维度,系统阐述了合肥科技馆在这一领域的实践与探索,以期为各地科技馆提供思路,共同支撑和推动我国现代科技馆体系的可持续发展。     

高质量展览创新助力现代科技馆体系建设——以广东科学中心展览研发创新实践为例

? 现代科技馆体系发展“ 十四五” 规划(2021—2025 年) ? 高度重视实体科技馆建设、对科技馆展览创新提出高质量发展要求? 具有非常重要的指导意义和现实作用? 以广东科学中心展览研发创新实践为例? 从联合社会力量、建立研发机制、探索跨界融合、健全创新发展四个方面探讨科技馆展览展品研发高质量创新发展的新途径?     

A Case Study of “Planetary Landscapes: Sculpting the Solar System”

This article presents a case study of the design, development and evaluation of a science museum exhibition called Planetary Landscapes: Sculpting the Solar System. The exhibition was created by Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland, California, in collaboration with the artist Ned Kahn. (A slightly smaller version has been traveling to science museums around the country, and has been sent to the Middle East and Asia.) This exhibition affords a chance to explore the work of a gifted artist as he seeks to merge art and science and create beautiful inquiry‐based exhibits. The story also relates how a museum design team and an evaluation team sought to support the exhibition design in ways that would augment and not interfere with the expertise of the artist.     

Visitors' Role in an Exhibition Debate: Science in American Life

In the year after the exhibition Science in American Life opened at the National Museum of American History objections were raised by the exhibition's chief sponsor, the American Chemical Society, and by the American Physical Society. These critics argued that the exhibition gave the public a negative view of science. The Institutional Studies Office was asked to conduct a study to determine whether or not the exhibition was affecting visitors' views of science, and, if so, in what direction. Using an entrance/exit survey design, the study determined conclusively that the visiting public entered the exhibition with a very positive view of science and technology and that their views were reinforced and confirmed by the experience of Science in American Life, rather than changed in either a positive or negative direction.     

快速开发应急科普展览的实践与思考——以“大医精诚无问西东:中西医结合抗击新冠肺炎疫情纪实展”为例

“大医精诚 无问西东:中西医结合抗击新冠肺炎疫情纪实展”作为中国科技馆2020年策划并推出的应急科普展览,是快速开发应急科普展览的一次成功尝试。本文总结和梳理了该展览在主题提炼、设计思路、形式设计、展品征集等方面的做法和经验,提出了对于应急科普展览在策展机制、选题策划、展览内容和形式以及延伸传播方式等问题的思考和对策,以期为科技馆界进一步做好应急科普工作提供参考。     

The Models of Architeuthis

Models of the giant squid (Architeuthis spp.) are probably unique in natural history exhibition: they are representations of a giant living animal that has never been seen in a healthy state by a human being. Since its discovery in the mid-nineteenth century, the giant squid has remained one of the world's great zoological mysteries. In the attempt to introduce this fabulous creature, museums around the world have resorted to life-sized models. Yale teuthologist A.E. Verrill was responsible for the first such models in 1882; then Ward's Natural Science Establishment in Rochester, New York, manufactured and sold them. In this century, various museums (and one zoo) have made their own models of these ten-armed monsters of the deep. Their disparate attempts to re-create Architeuthis for the museum public represent one of the most intriguing case histories in the annals of museum exhibition.     

科技馆展品运行状态综合评估实践——以北京科学中心为例

科技馆的展品多为一次性投入,但创新研发并不是一次性完成,在实际开放运行过程中必然与设计初衷和观众理解存在偏差,因此改进、完善是必不可少的。通过组织展品运行状态综合评估,构建包括知识传达、互动形式、教育应用、体验效果和质量状况的五项指标评估框架,收集科技馆展品的优缺点信息,组织内部与外部进行合作评估,采取定性评价与定量分析相结合的混合评估方法,形成改造、升级或更新的支撑方案,明确展品升级优化的目的性,从而实现科技馆展品常展常新和创新研发。     

联动共享推动科技馆活动价值延伸——广西科技馆特色品牌活动案例分析

以广西科技馆开展的科普教育活动为例,分析通过资源联动、整合、再塑是如何提升科技馆活动的品牌价值和公众吸引力,从社会化多元联动促进品牌增值、引入市场机制优化基层科普资源配置、嵌入公众社会生活并营造科技馆文化等角度推动科技馆科普教育活动的创新和发展,提出建立联动共享资源平台的新路径,以促进科技馆活动价值延伸,形成良好的科普生态。     

The Science Career Ladder at the New York Hall of Science

The Science Career Ladder at the New York Hall of Science is a program that engages young people in a hierarchy of paid and unpaid experiences in the museum, designed to cultivate their interest in science and in pursuing science professions. Its double objective is to create a cadre of eloquent, well-informed Explainers for the Hall's visitors, and to encourage underrepresented young people into science careers. This article will briefly present the history of the Science Career Ladder, describe how it currently operates, and address the challenges for sustaining the Career Ladder during a period of rapid growth.     

科技馆布展施工安全管理规范建设研究——以中国科技馆为例

布展施工的安全管理已然成为科技馆安全有序运行的重要保障。然而,国家和相关行业目前缺乏对科技馆布展施工安全管理的深度研究。本文以中国科技馆为例,探讨科技馆布展施工的安全管理问题,包括布展施工安全管理规范的需求、基本原则及内容,初步思考建立科技馆现场布展施工安全管理规范的路径,以确保安全生产,营造安全有序的场所环境。     

艺术创作在科技馆展览展品设计中的重要作用

科技馆展览展品设计通过科学和艺术的完美融合,不断突破常规、激发想象的跨界表达,成为了现阶段中国科学文化语境中亟需研究的课题,更是科技馆展览展品研究工作的一项任务。本文从艺术创作在科技馆展览展品设计中的必要性与现实意义入手,对展览展品策划、环境艺术设计、展品造型设计三个方面来解读具体的实践方法。科技馆为了避免枯燥的教化式科学传播,其作为传播美学和艺术的载体作用将会受到广泛重视,艺术创作的融入能够切实提高展览的艺术性、原创性和生动性,赋予科普展览更多可能,也为科技馆自身发展带来更大的上升空间。     

“寻根”之旅:建立互动展品与科技藏品的双向联系——西班牙国家科技博物馆(阿尔科文达斯馆)常设展览设计理念溯源

西班牙国家科技博物馆(阿尔科文达斯馆)在常设展览的设计中,致力于在经典科学实验的器材等“科学遗产”与现代科学中心互动展品之间建立起双向联系,使参观者通过两者的相似性,领悟互动展品对人类科学探索历程的刻画与诠释。本文通过对西班牙国家科技博物馆历史沿革的追溯,及阿尔科文达斯馆展览架构和展品设置的分析,尝试探讨该科学博物馆在展览设计方面的独创性,融合科学工业博物馆与科学中心特点的设计思路,以及它对国内科学博物馆展览设计的借鉴意义。     

Project ASTER III: A Model for Teacher Professional Development Integrating Science Museum Exhibits with State and National Science Education Content Standards

Abstract This article describes Project ASTER III (Active Science Teaching Encourages Reform), a science professional development program for early elementary teachers, which is based on the premise that people learn best by doing. Very few professional development programs focus on early childhood teacher development and how best to integrate informal science centers into teaching. In ASTER III, development teams—consisting of university scientists, science educators, K‐3 teachers, and educators from a hands‐on science museum—developed 5E lesson plans aligned with the Ohio Academic Content Standards and the National Science Education Standards in conjunction with the museum’s exhibits. This study explores the impact of the ASTER III model on teacher perceptions about the role and effect informal science museum visits have on subsequent teaching and student learning.     

The Use of Fictional Stories in Science Exhibits: The Emperor Who Only Believed His Own Eyes

The authors explore how fictional narratives (stories) can be used as a learning tool in the context of informal science environments and specifically science centers. They base their argument on an analysis of the theoretical, structural and epistemological properties of stories and how those can serve to establish a story as a cognitive tool. They offer an example of an application of these properties to a story‐based learning design called “The Emperor who only Believed his own Eyes” in the context of a large, public science center, and specifically an exhibition about “senses”. This paper focuses on the idea of a “hack,” a museum sanctioned strategy for exploring the potential and implications of narrative‐based design as a way to reinterpret science exhibits in a way that can engage young users in content exploration and offer recommendations for future research.     

走向科学博物馆

广义的科学博物馆包括自然博物馆、科学工业博物馆和科学中心三种类型,狭义的科学博物馆指其中的科学工业博物馆。本文通过对比分析国内外科学博物馆的发展历程与现状,认为近年来中国的科学博物馆事业过于偏重于科学中心的发展,缺失了科学工业博物馆这一类型。本文提出:因科学工业博物馆在展示内容、展示方式上的独特优势,中国的科学博物馆应补上这一课,大力建设科学工业博物馆。     

Working at Play: Informal Science Education on Museum Playgrounds

Abstract This article discusses the importance of play in informal science education and the growth of science playgrounds as an international trend among museums to create safe, challenging outdoor environments that use play to explore the foundations of science. Play is characterized by intrinsic motivation, active engagement, attention to means rather than ends, non‐literal behavior, and freedom from external rules, a means for acquiring information about and experiencing the environment. Successful exhibitions for children and families share these qualities and outdoor exhibitions encourage a degree of exploration and full‐body experience often not possible nor appropriate inside a museum. Two case studies are provided as evidence of the importance of play in the interpretation and design of science playgrounds. The first, Science Playground at the New York Hall of Science (opened 1997), uses an interpretive strategy in which evaluation and remediation are continually incorporated into the educational process. Experimental workshops were conducted to observe children's intuitive uses of the physics‐based exhibits, uninhibited by any authoritative explanations. From this evaluation, the institution elected not to produce interpretive signage at each unit, but rather to develop a guide for visitors and one for educators that outline the exhibition's basic physics principles and encourage visitors to experiment and make connection to their own experiences. The second case study, Exploration Park at Prisma, Zona Exploratoria de Puerto Rico in San Juan (opening 2002), outlines ten design criteria used to develop the playground. These include bringing together a diverse team to respond to institutional and audience needs, ages, interests, and cultural backgrounds; creating a specific sense of place, making use of the local environment and taking advantage of natural elements including water, soil, wind, and sun. Practical considerations of safety, materials, and prototyping are also addressed. The article concludes with the idea of play as essential not only in child development, but also in development of successful outdoor science exhibitions.     

2019年全国免费开放科技馆基本情况调查分析

本文针对2019年度获得中央财政支持的免费开放的219座科技馆运行数据,分别从建设规模、科技馆类型、科技馆类别及层级、展览及教育活动开展、展厅利用率、观众覆盖率等多方面进行了研究与分析,并对部分因素开展了交叉分析和相关性分析。通过数据分析可以看出,免费开放科技馆服务效果及财政经费利用效益总体良好,达到了预期目标,提升了我国科普基础设施的公共服务能力,促进了科普的公平普惠。     

科技馆线上线下相结合展教活动的实践探索

线上线下相结合的展教活动是科技馆在互联网时代拓展自身科学传播渠道的一个重要发展方向,也是丰富场馆教育的一种有效形式。本文论述了开发此类活动的必要性、设计思路并对相关案例进行分析,总结了线上和线下展教活动各自优缺点及二者结合后的互补效果。同时以展品微课在展教活动中的应用为例,对其进行了详细介绍。希望以此为不同年龄段公众提供满足其学习需求的科普资源,更好地传播科学精神,传授科学思想与科学方法,培养公众科学思维,助力我国公民科学素养稳步提升。