Is it catching? The spread of illness

Richard J. Sagall, MD is a board-certified Family Practitioner. He lives and practices in Bangor, Maine. He is the editor ofPediatrics for Parents, a monthly newsletter for parents and others who care for children. His articles have appeared in many magazines.     

Foreword

Director of the National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales. He has conducted extensive studies on provision for pupils with special needs in ordinary schools and has published widely on the topic. He edits theEuropean journal of special needs education and Educational research. He has conducted numerous consultancies for national governments and for intergovernmental agencies, including UNESCO.     

Odd behaviour of the even integer 2

It is always of interest when one finds a property that is true only of some given object, or some given class of objects. For example, if n > 1 is an integer, then (n − 1)! + 1 is divisible by n just when n is a prime number. In this article we look at some properties that are true only for the integer 2. Shailesh Shirali has been at Rishi Valley School, Andhra Pradesh (Krishnamurti Foundation India) since the 1980’s. He has a deep interest in teaching and writing about mathematics at the high school/post school levels, with particular emphasis on problem solving and on historical aspects of the subject. He has been involved in the Mathematics Olympiad movement at the national and international level for the past two decades. He is the author of several expository books and articles aimed at interested high school students.     

World enough and time: The work of Mollie Hunter

The work of Mollie Hunter is published and read throughout the world. She won the Carnegie Medal in 1974 forThe Stronghold, and she was the May Hill Arbuthnot Lecturer in 1975, travelling in the United States for six weeks giving a series of addresses that have been collected inTalent Is Not Enough (Harper & Row, 1976).Peter Hollindale is Senior Lecturer in English and Education at the University of York, and author ofChoosing Books for Children (Elek). He has lectured widely in children's literature at colleges of education and in-service courses for teachers. He contributed an article on John Masefield toCle 23.     

Politics of knowledge,models of development and literacy

is an analyst of grassroots movements and popular knowledge. He has started and provided consultancy to various grassroots groups. He is currently involved in research on the topics of social movements, discourse of development, ecology and the politics of knowledge within new social movements.     

Handbook of human performance technology: Principles,practices, potential (3rd ed.) edited by James A. Pershing

James A. Pershing, CPT, PhD, is a professor of education in instructional systems technology and educational inquiry methodology at Indiana University. He is the former editor of the Performance Improvement journal and TechTrends, past director of the International Society for Performance Improvement, and association manager of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. He is now a consulting reviewer for TechTrends and is editor of the Asia Pacific Cybereducation Journal. The Handbook of Human Performance Technology: Principles, Practices, Potential (3rd ed.; ISBN: 978‐0‐7879‐6530‐0) is published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The publisher may be reached online at http://www.pfeiffer.com/WileyCDA/ or contacted at 978–750–8400.     

The adolescent novel of ideas

Peter Hollindale first developed critical interests in children's literature during postgraduate teacher training at the University of Bristol, where he was taught by Margaret Meek. After teaching for several years in secondary schools he was appointed to the University of York, where he is senior lecturer in English and educational studies. He now teaches an undergraduate special paper on children's literature in the Department of English there. His bookChoosing Books for Children, a guide for parents, was published in 1974, and he has since written extensively on children's literature in academic and professional journals. His article “Ideology and the Children's Book,” which appeared inSignal 55, received the Children's Literature Association Prize for the best essay in the field of children's literature published in 1988. In recent years he has worked closely on J. M. Barrie. His edition of the “Peter Pan” prose texts was published by Oxford University Press in 1991, andPeter Pan and Other Plays appears from the same publisher in 1995. He is interested in reworkings and adaptations of classic children's texts for film and television, and his study of Steven Spielberg'sHook was published inSignal 72 in 1993. For Thimble Press he is currently completingSigns of Childness: A Short Philosophy of Children's Literature. He has contributed a number of articles toCLE, the most recent being “Westall's Kingdom” in the 1994 Autumn issue.     

Where the Action Is: How Drama Contributes to the Art of the Teaching and Learning of English

This paper looks at the way drama works to bring a model of an arts curriculum into reality. He also shows how drama is valuable when discussed as a separate, autonomous subject in the school curriculum as opposed to one subsumed within English. He argues for a view of the arts and gives an example of a sequence of work in an English GCSE class based around Arthur Miller's play View from the Bridge. From this he draws out several strands about the relationship of the drama curriculum to the individual students and teachers, the school, and to culture. He also emphasises the primacy of performance in drama education.     

Sore throats — Causes and cures

Richard J. Sagall, MD is a board-certified Family Practitioner who lives and practices in Bangor, Maine. He is the editor of Pediatrics for Parents,a monthly newsletter for parents and others who care for children. His articles have appeared in many magazines.     

Significance,Effect Sizes,Stepwise Methods,and Other Issues: Strong Arguments Move the Field

The author asserts that editors should publicly declare their expectations and expose the rationales for editorial policies to public scrutiny. He argues that editorial policies ought to require effect size reporting, as those at 17 journals now do. He also argues (a) that score reliabilities should be reported; (b) that stepwise methods should not be used; (c) that structure coefficients should be interpreted; and (d) that if used wisely, confidence intervals differ from hypothesis tests in important ways. The use of noncentral t and F distributions to create confidence intervals about effect sizes also is appealing.     

Creating do‐it‐yourself customers: How great customer experiences build great companies by Peter C. Honebein and Roy F. Cammarano

Peter C. Honebein is a business consultant and adjunct faculty member at Indiana University and University of Nevada, Reno, with a Ph.D. from Indiana University. He is the author of numerous articles and the book Strategies for Effective Customer Education. Roy F. Cammarano is a business consultant and a former division president with Premiere Global Services. He has been a contributing editor to Success magazine and is the author of the award‐winning book Entrepreneurial Transitions. Creating Do‐It‐Yourself Customers: How Great Customer Experiences Build Great Companies (ISBN 0–324–31154–0) is published by Thomson Higher Education. This publisher may be reached at 800‐423‐0563.     

Lederberg and the ‘Cellularity’ of bacteria

Joshua Lederberg will surely be remembered for his stellar contributions to microbial genetics and his sage intervention in public affairs concerning exobiology, infectious diseases, epidemiology, and bioterrorism. Not so well know is his emphatic mission to spell out that bacteria are cells and not something else. This brief sketch examines some of his contributions to bacterial cytology. Moselio Schaechter (Elio to friends) spent his career studying growth physiology and cell structure of enteric bacteria. Born in Italy, he spent his youth in Ecuador before going to the United States where he chaired the Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology at Tufts University in Boston for twenty three years. After retirement he is at San Diego, where he has devoted himself to sharing the excitement of the microbial world, mainly via a blog called “Small Things Considered”. He has authored several influential textbooks and reference works. He succeeded Joshua Lederberg as Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Microbiology. He also authored a book, In the Company of Mushrooms, which deals with his avocation, wild mushrooms.     

The definition of leadership effectiveness: A conceptual and personal journey

E. Grady Bogue is currently professor of educational leadership at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. He is chancellor emeritus of Louisiana State University in Shreveport, where he served as chancellor for ten years. In 1989, he served as the interim chancellor of Louisiana State University and A & M College. He has served in a variety of other campus and state level academic administration positions. His latest book isThe Evidence for Quality (Jossey-Bass) and he is the author of three other books and a range of articles on higher education leadership and issues.     

Literary critic versus expert commentator: The case of katharine tozer'sMumfie marches on

Nicholas Tucker taught English in comprehensive schools in London before qualifying as an educational psychologist. He is now a lecturer in developmental psychology at the University of Sussex, with a special interest both in children's reactions to literature and in the history and present-day status of childhood itself. He has written five books for children as well as books about children's literature, includingThe Child and the Book: A Literary and Psychological Exploration, reissued in 1990 by Cambridge University Press in their new Canto “Classics” series.     

Book reviews

David Evanier is a novelist and critic. He has written for The New York Times Book Review, Commentary, theParis Review, The American Spectator, National Review, and other journals.     

Tell England and the perfection of death

Geoff Fox was a founding editor of CLIE and still serves as Secretary to the UK Editorial Committee. He has worked with young people and teachers in schools and universities in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia. He has written widely in the field, includingTeaching Literature 9–14 (with Michael Benton, Oxford University Press, 1985). He has recently written four short works of fiction.     

The Education of the Bravanese Community. Key issues of culture and identity

Bana M. S. Banafunzi is an Asylum seeker from Somalia, presently living in Ilford, East London. He has a wide administration experience in Somalia. He was awarded a BA in Economics from Somali National University, a post‐graduate Diploma in Development Planning at API, Kuwait and an MBA at the UWIST, Cardiff.     

Some challenges for educational research in Latin America

Founding director of the Centro de Estudios Educativos (Centre for Educational Studies) in Mexico City and of the Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos(Latin American Journal of Educational Studies). He was in charge of the National Programme of Educational Research of the National Council for Science and Technology. He now carries out research at the Regional Centre for Adult Education and Functional Literacy for Latin America. His recent publications include: La política de alfabetización de seis países latinoamericanos, Participatory Research: A New Research Paradigm?and Elementos para una propuesta orientada a elevar la calidad: La enseñanza tutorial.     

Ethical Concerns for Counselor Educators

This article identifies four areas of ethical concern in counselor education. Counselor educators in the Southern Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (SACES) region were surveyed regarding their attitudes and practices concerning these four areas. Survey results with conclusions and recommendations are given. Vignette 1: J. Jones, a single counselor education professor, is told by K. Adams, a single female graduate student in one of his classes, that she finds him very attractive. She then invites him to her home for dinner. Vignette 2: J. Smith, a student and advisee of counselor educator M. Thompson, is taking a group dynamics course from her this semester. He believes that participation in the course has triggered his desire to work on some issues in his personal life. He approaches Dr. Thompson to be his counselor. Vignette 3: Counselor educator F. Rogers suggests an idea for a research study to graduate student P. Collins. Ms. Collins carries out the study and submits a paper describing it in order to meet a requirement in Dr. Rogers's class. Dr. Rogers later decides that with some revision this paper could be publishable. He spends many hours revising the paper so that it is suitable for publication. When he submits it, he lists himself as first author. Vignette 4: Counselor educator A. Johnson is serving on C. Young's dissertation committee. Ms. Young, who is a training director at a major business in the community, offers Dr. Johnson a lucrative consulting contract with her company.     

The development of teacher education

Even those who tend to see the present merely as the product of past thought and action are convinced that in the educational process we face new conditions and new tasks, the solutions of which are not mere modifications of traditional approaches. Attempts to identify the new social and educational situation have already had an international, multidisciplinary impact. Out of the great number of concepts, the classification and evaluation of which are a continuing task for the educationalists, the author has chosen two related ideas which have gradually gained acceptance in international pedagogical discussion. as well as Director of Research at the university's Institute for Studies in Teacher Education. In addition to serving as President of the Czechoslovak Pedagogical Society, he is general editor of the series calledCzech Pedagogical Thinking. He is a member of the group set up by the Czechoslovak Academy of Arts and Sciences to study the social consequences of the scientific-technological revolution. He is the author ofThe Methodology of Teaching and Learning Science in Secondary Schools, as well as of a number of university textbooks on didactics and several studies on adult education, leisure and teacher education. He has translated widely from Russian, German and English pedagogical literature.